# General
This release introduces initial work on a Roundtrippable AST for Luau,
and numerous fixes to the new type solver, runtime, and fragment
autocomplete.
## Roundtrippable AST
To support tooling around source code transformations, we are extending
the parser to retain source information so that we can re-emit the
initial source code exactly as the author wrote it. We have made
numerous changes to the Transpiler, added new AST types such as
`AstTypeGroup`, and added source information to AST nodes such as
`AstExprInterpString`, `AstExprIfElse`, `AstTypeTable`,
`AstTypeReference`, `AstTypeSingletonString`, and `AstTypeTypeof`.
## New Type Solver
* Implement `setmetatable` and `getmetatable` type functions.
* Fix handling of nested and recursive union type functions to prevent
the solver from getting stuck.
* Free types in both old and new solver now have an upper and lower
bound to resolve mixed mode usage of the solvers in fragment
autocomplete.
* Fix infinite recursion during normalization of cyclic tables.
* Add normalization support for intersections of subclasses with negated
superclasses.
## Runtime
* Fix compilation error in Luau buffer bit operations for big-endian
machines.
## Miscellaneous
* Add test and bugfixes to fragment autocomplete.
* Fixed `clang-tidy` warnings in `Simplify.cpp`.
**Full Changelog**:
https://github.com/luau-lang/luau/compare/0.659...0.660
---
Co-authored-by: Ariel Weiss <aaronweiss@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Hunter Goldstein <hgoldstein@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Talha Pathan <tpathan@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Varun Saini <vsaini@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Vighnesh Vijay <vvijay@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Vyacheslav Egorov <vegorov@roblox.com>
---------
Co-authored-by: Hunter Goldstein <hgoldstein@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Varun Saini <61795485+vrn-sn@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Alexander Youngblood <ayoungblood@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Menarul Alam <malam@roblox.com>
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# General
All code has been re-formatted by `clang-format`; this is not
mechanically enforced, so Luau may go out-of-sync over the course of the
year.
# New Solver
* Track free types interior to a block of code on `Scope`, which should
reduce the number of free types that remain un-generalized after type
checking is complete (e.g.: less errors like `'a <: number is
incompatible with number`).
# Autocomplete
* Fragment autocomplete now does *not* provide suggestions within
comments (matching non-fragment autocomplete behavior).
* Autocomplete now respects iteration and recursion limits (some hangs
will now early exit with a "unification too complex error," some crashes
will now become internal complier exceptions).
# Runtime
* Add a limit to how many Luau codegen slot nodes addresses can be in
use at the same time (fixes#1605, fixes#1558).
* Added constant folding for vector arithmetic (fixes#1553).
* Added support for `buffer.readbits` and `buffer.writebits` (see:
https://github.com/luau-lang/rfcs/pull/18).
---
Co-authored-by: Aaron Weiss <aaronweiss@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: David Cope <dcope@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Hunter Goldstein <hgoldstein@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Vighnesh Vijay <vvijay@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Vyacheslav Egorov <vegorov@roblox.com>
benchmark / callgrind (map[branch:main name:luau-lang/benchmark-data], ubuntu-22.04) (push) Has been cancelled
build / macos (push) Has been cancelled
build / macos-arm (push) Has been cancelled
build / ubuntu (push) Has been cancelled
build / windows (Win32) (push) Has been cancelled
build / windows (x64) (push) Has been cancelled
build / coverage (push) Has been cancelled
build / web (push) Has been cancelled
release / macos (push) Has been cancelled
release / ubuntu (push) Has been cancelled
release / windows (push) Has been cancelled
release / web (push) Has been cancelled
## New Solver
* Type functions should be able to signal whether or not irreducibility
is due to an error
* Do not generate extra expansion constraint for uninvoked user-defined
type functions
* Print in a user-defined type function reports as an error instead of
logging to stdout
* Many e-graphs bugfixes and performance improvements
* Many general bugfixes and improvements to the new solver as a whole
* Fixed issue with used-defined type functions not being able to call
each other
* Infer types of globals under new type solver
## Fragment Autocomplete
* Miscellaneous fixes to make interop with the old solver better
## Runtime
* Support disabling specific built-in functions from being fast-called
or constant-evaluated (Closes#1538)
* New compiler option `disabledBuiltins` accepts a list of library
function names like "tonumber" or "math.cos"
* Added constant folding for vector arithmetic
* Added constant propagation and type inference for vector globals
(Fixes#1511)
* New compiler option `librariesWithKnownMembers` accepts a list of
libraries for members of which a request for constant value and/or type
will be made
* `libraryMemberTypeCb` callback is called to get the type of a global,
return one of the `LuauBytecodeType` values. 'boolean', 'number',
'string' and 'vector' type are supported.
* `libraryMemberConstantCb` callback is called to setup the constant
value of a global. To set a value, C API `luau_set_compile_constant_*`
or C++ API `setCompileConstant*` functions should be used.
---
Co-authored-by: Aaron Weiss <aaronweiss@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Andy Friesen <afriesen@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Aviral Goel <agoel@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Daniel Angel <danielangel@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Jonathan Kelaty <jkelaty@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Hunter Goldstein <hgoldstein@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Varun Saini <vsaini@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Vighnesh Vijay <vvijay@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Vyacheslav Egorov <vegorov@roblox.com>
---------
Co-authored-by: Aaron Weiss <aaronweiss@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Alexander McCord <amccord@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Andy Friesen <afriesen@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Aviral Goel <agoel@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: David Cope <dcope@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Lily Brown <lbrown@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Vyacheslav Egorov <vegorov@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Junseo Yoo <jyoo@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Hunter Goldstein <hgoldstein@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Varun Saini <61795485+vrn-sn@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Alexander Youngblood <ayoungblood@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Varun Saini <vsaini@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Andrew Miranti <amiranti@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Shiqi Ai <sai@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Yohoo Lin <yohoo@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Daniel Angel <danielangel@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Jonathan Kelaty <jkelaty@roblox.com>
# What's Changed
* Support dead store elimination for `STORE_VECTOR` instruction
* Fix parser hang when a separator is used between Luau class
declaration properties
* Provide properties and metatable for built-in vector type definition
to fix type errors
* Fix Fragment Autocomplete to ensure correct parentheses insertion
behavior.
* Add support for 'thread' and 'buffer' primitive types in user-defined
type functions
---------
Co-authored-by: Andy Friesen <afriesen@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Hunter Goldstein <hgoldstein@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Vighnesh Vijay <vvijay@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Vyacheslav Egorov <vegorov@roblox.com>
### What's New?
* Fragment Autocomplete: a new API allows for type checking a small
fragment of code against an existing file, significantly speeding up
autocomplete performance in large files.
### New Solver
* E-Graphs have landed: this is an ongoing approach to make the new type
solver simplify types in a more consistent and principled manner, based
on similar work (see: https://egraphs-good.github.io/).
* Adds support for exporting / local user type functions (previously
they were always exported).
* Fixes a set of bugs in which the new solver will fail to complete
inference for simple expressions with just literals and operators.
### General Updates
* Requiring a path with a ".lua" or ".luau" extension will now have a
bespoke error suggesting to remove said extension.
* Fixes a bug in which whether two `Luau::Symbol`s are equal depends on
whether the new solver is enabled.
---
Internal Contributors:
Co-authored-by: Aaron Weiss <aaronweiss@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Andy Friesen <afriesen@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: David Cope <dcope@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Hunter Goldstein <hgoldstein@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Varun Saini <vsaini@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Vighnesh Vijay <vvijay@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Vyacheslav Egorov <vegorov@roblox.com>
In this update, we continue to improve the overall stability of the new
type solver. We're also shipping some early bits of two new features,
one of the language and one of the analysis API: user-defined type
functions and an incremental typechecking API.
If you use the new solver and want to use all new fixes included in this
release, you have to reference an additional Luau flag:
```c++
LUAU_DYNAMIC_FASTINT(LuauTypeSolverRelease)
```
And set its value to `645`:
```c++
DFInt::LuauTypeSolverRelease.value = 645; // Or a higher value for future updates
```
## New Solver
* Fix a crash where scopes are incorrectly accessed cross-module after
they've been deallocated by appropriately zeroing out associated scope
pointers for free types, generic types, table types, etc.
* Fix a crash where we were incorrectly caching results for bound types
in generalization.
* Eliminated some unnecessary intermediate allocations in the constraint
solver and type function infrastructure.
* Built some initial groundwork for an incremental typecheck API for use
by language servers.
* Built an initial technical preview for [user-defined type
functions](https://rfcs.luau-lang.org/user-defined-type-functions.html),
more work still to come (including calling type functions from other
type functions), but adventurous folks wanting to experiment with it can
try it out by enabling `FFlag::LuauUserDefinedTypeFunctionsSyntax` and
`FFlag::LuauUserDefinedTypeFunction` in their local environment. Special
thanks to @joonyoo181 who built up all the initial infrastructure for
this during his internship!
## Miscellaneous changes
* Fix a compilation error on Ubuntu (fixes#1437)
---
Internal Contributors:
Co-authored-by: Aaron Weiss <aaronweiss@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Hunter Goldstein <hgoldstein@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Yoo <jyoo@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Vighnesh Vijay <vvijay@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Vyacheslav Egorov <vegorov@roblox.com>
---------
Co-authored-by: Alexander McCord <amccord@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Andy Friesen <afriesen@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Vighnesh <vvijay@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Aviral Goel <agoel@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: David Cope <dcope@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Lily Brown <lbrown@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Vyacheslav Egorov <vegorov@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Junseo Yoo <jyoo@roblox.com>
# What's Changed?
- Code refactoring with a new clang-format
- More bug fixes / test case fixes in the new solver
## New Solver
- More precise telemetry collection of `any` types
- Simplification of two completely disjoint tables combines them into a
single table that inherits all properties / indexers
- Refining a `never & <anything>` does not produce type family types nor
constraints
- Silence "inference failed to complete" error when it is the only error
reported
---
### Internal Contributors
Co-authored-by: Aaron Weiss <aaronweiss@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Andy Friesen <afriesen@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Dibri Nsofor <dnsofor@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Yoo <jyoo@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Vighnesh Vijay <vvijay@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Vyacheslav Egorov <vegorov@roblox.com>
---------
Co-authored-by: Aaron Weiss <aaronweiss@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Alexander McCord <amccord@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Andy Friesen <afriesen@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Vighnesh <vvijay@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Aviral Goel <agoel@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: David Cope <dcope@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Lily Brown <lbrown@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Vyacheslav Egorov <vegorov@roblox.com>
# What's Changed?
- Telemetry support for usage of any type in old/new solver
- Bug fixes and flag removals with the new solver
## New Solver
- Fixed constraint ordering bug to infer types more accurately
- Improved inferring a call to `setmetatable()`
## VM
- Restored global metatable lookup for `typeof` on lightuserdata to fix
unintentional API change (Fixes#1335)
---
### Internal Contributors
Co-authored-by: Aaron Weiss <aaronweiss@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Alexander McCord <amccord@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Andy Friesen <afriesen@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Dibri Nsofor <dnsofor@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Jeremy Yoo <jyoo@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Vighnesh Vijay <vvijay@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Vyacheslav Egorov <vegorov@roblox.com>
---------
Co-authored-by: Aaron Weiss <aaronweiss@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Alexander McCord <amccord@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Andy Friesen <afriesen@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Vighnesh <vvijay@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Aviral Goel <agoel@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: David Cope <dcope@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Lily Brown <lbrown@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Vyacheslav Egorov <vegorov@roblox.com>
### What's new
* Implemented parsing logic for attributes
* Added `lua_setuserdatametatable` and `lua_getuserdatametatable` C API
methods for a faster userdata metatable fetch compared to
`luaL_getmetatable`. Note that metatable reference has to still be
pinned in memory!
### New Solver
* Further improvement to the assignment inference logic
* Fix many bugs surrounding constraint dispatch order
### Native Codegen
* Add IR lowering hooks for custom host userdata types
* Add IR to create new tagged userdata objects
* Remove outdated NativeState
---
### Internal Contributors
Co-authored-by: Aaron Weiss <aaronweiss@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Alexander McCord <amccord@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Andy Friesen <afriesen@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Aviral Goel <agoel@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Vighnesh Vijay <vvijay@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Vyacheslav Egorov <vegorov@roblox.com>
### New Type Solver
* Fixed crash in numeric binary operation type families
* Results of an indexing operation are now comparable to `nil` without a
false positive error
* Fixed a crash when a type that failed normalization was accessed
* Iterating on a free value now implies that it is iterable
---
### Internal Contributors
Co-authored-by: Aaron Weiss <aaronweiss@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Alexander McCord <amccord@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: James McNellis <jmcnellis@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Vighnesh Vijay <vvijay@roblox.com>
# What's changed?
- Record the location of properties for table types (closes#802)
- Implement stricter UTF-8 validations as per the RFC
(https://github.com/luau-lang/rfcs/pull/1)
- Implement `buffer` as a new type in both the old and new solvers.
- Changed errors produced by some `buffer` builtins to be a bit more
generic to avoid platform-dependent error messages.
- Fixed a bug where `Unifier` would copy some persistent types, tripping
some internal assertions.
- Type checking rules on relational operators is now a little bit more
lax.
- Improve dead code elimination for some `if` statements with complex
always-false conditions
## New type solver
- Dataflow analysis now generates phi nodes on exit of branches.
- Dataflow analysis avoids producing a new definition for locals or
properties that are not owned by that loop.
- If a function parameter has been constrained to `never`, report errors
at all uses of that parameter within that function.
- Switch to using the new `Luau::Set` to replace `std::unordered_set` to
alleviate some poor allocation characteristics which was negatively
affecting overall performance.
- Subtyping can now report many failing reasons instead of just the
first one that we happened to find during the test.
- Subtyping now also report reasons for type pack mismatches.
- When visiting `if` statements or expressions, the resulting context
are the common terms in both branches.
## Native codegen
- Implement support for `buffer` builtins to its IR for x64 and A64.
- Optimized `table.insert` by not inserting a table barrier if it is
fastcalled with a constant.
## Internal Contributors
Co-authored-by: Aaron Weiss <aaronweiss@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Alexander McCord <amccord@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Andy Friesen <afriesen@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Arseny Kapoulkine <arseny@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Aviral Goel <agoel@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Lily Brown <lbrown@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Vyacheslav Egorov <vegorov@roblox.com>
* Include `windows.h` rather than `Windows.h` to make things compile on
MinGW.
* Custom implementation of timegm/os.time for all platforms
* Disable builtin constant folding when getfenv/setfenv are used
* Fixes https://github.com/Roblox/luau/issues/1042
* Fixes https://github.com/Roblox/luau/issues/1043
New Type Checker
* Initial work toward type states.
* Rework most overloadable operators to use type families.
* Initial work toward our new nonstrict mode.
Native Codegen
* Fix native code generation for dead loops
* Annotate top-level functions as cold
* Slightly smaller/faster x64 Luau calls
* emitInstCall used to not set savedpc itself, but now it does for
consistency with all other implementations
* Implement cmov support for X64
* Fix assertion in luau-compile when module is empty
* Optimize A64 calls at some code size cost
* Inline constant array index offset into the load/store instruction
* Increase x64 spill slots from 5 to 13
---------
Co-authored-by: Arseny Kapoulkine <arseny.kapoulkine@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Vyacheslav Egorov <vegorov@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Lily Brown <lbrown@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Aaron Weiss <aaronweiss@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Alexander McCord <amccord@roblox.com>
* Fixed `Frontend::markDirty` not working on modules that were not
typechecked yet
* Fixed generic variadic function unification succeeding when it should
have reported an error
New Type Solver:
* Implemented semantic subtyping check for function types
Native Code Generation:
* Improved performance of numerical loops with a constant step
* Simplified IR for `bit32.extract` calls extracting first/last bits
* Improved performance of NaN checks
- Updated Roblox copyright to 2023
- Floor division operator `//` (implements #832)
- Autocomplete now shows `end` within `do` blocks
- Restore BraceType when using `Lexer::lookahead` (fixes#1019)
# New typechecker
- Subtyping tests between metatables and tables
- Subtyping tests between string singletons and tables
- Subtyping tests for class types
# Native codegen
- Fixed macOS test failure (wrong spill restore offset)
- Fixed clobbering of non-volatile xmm registers on Windows
- Fixed wrong storage location of SSA reg spills
- Implemented A64 support for add/sub extended
- Eliminated zextReg from A64 lowering
- Remove identical table slot lookups
- Propagate values from predecessor into the linear block
- Disabled reuse slot optimization
- Keep `LuaNode::val` check for nil when optimizing `CHECK_SLOT_MATCH`
- Implemented IR translation of `table.insert` builtin
- Fixed mmap error handling on macOS/Linux
# Tooling
- Used `|` as a column separator instead of `+` in `bench.py`
- Added a `table.sort` micro-benchmark
- Switched `libprotobuf-mutator` to a less problematic version
* AST queries at position where function name is will now return
AstExprLocal
* Lexer performance has been slightly improved
* Fixed incorrect string singleton autocomplete suggestions (fixes#858)
* Improved parsing error messages
* Fixed crash on null pointer access in unification (fixes#1017)
* Native code support is enabled by default and `native=1`
(make)/`LUAU_NATIVE` (CMake)/`-DLUA_CUSTOM_EXECUTION` configuration is
no longer required
New typechecker:
* New subtyping check can now handle generic functions and tables
(including those that contain cycles)
Native code generation:
* Loops with non-numeric parameters are now handled by VM to streamline
native code
* Array size check can be optimized away in SETLIST
* On failure, CodeGen::compile returns a reason
* Fixed clobbering of non-volatile xmm registers on Windows
Once again, all of our changes this week are for new type solver and the
JIT.
In the new type solver, we fixed cyclic type alias handling and multiple
stability issues.
In the JIT, our main progress was for arm64, where, after lowering 36%
of instructions, we start seeing first Luau functions executing
natively.
For x64, we performed code cleanup and refactoring to allow for future
optimizations.
* Fixed incorrect lexeme generated for string parts in the middle of an
interpolated string (Fixes https://github.com/Roblox/luau/issues/744)
* DeprecatedApi lint can report some issues without type inference
information
* Fixed performance of autocomplete requests when suggestions have large
intersection types (Solves
https://github.com/Roblox/luau/discussions/847)
* Marked `table.getn`/`foreach`/`foreachi` as deprecated ([RFC:
Deprecate
table.getn/foreach/foreachi](https://github.com/Roblox/luau/blob/master/rfcs/deprecate-table-getn-foreach.md))
* With -O2 optimization level, we now optimize builtin calls based on
known argument/return count.
Note that this change can be observable if `getfenv/setfenv` is used to
substitute a builtin, especially if arity is different.
Fastcall heavy tests show a 1-2% improvement.
* Luau can now be built with clang-cl (Fixes
https://github.com/Roblox/luau/issues/736)
We also made many improvements to our experimental components.
For our new type solver:
* Overhauled data flow analysis system, fixed issues with 'repeat'
loops, global variables and type annotations
* Type refinements now work on generic table indexing with a string
literal
* Type refinements will properly track potentially 'nil' values (like
t[x] for a missing key) and their further refinements
* Internal top table type is now isomorphic to `{}` which fixes issues
when `typeof(v) == 'table'` type refinement is handled
* References to non-existent types in type annotations no longer resolve
to 'error' type like in old solver
* Improved handling of class unions in property access expressions
* Fixed default type packs
* Unsealed tables can now have metatables
* Restored expected types for function arguments
And for native code generation:
* Added min and max IR instructions mapping to vminsd/vmaxsd on x64
* We now speculatively extract direct execution fast-paths based on
expected types of expressions which provides better optimization
opportunities inside a single basic block
* Translated existing math fastcalls to IR form to improve tag guard
removal and constant propagation
- Improve ComparisonPrecedence lint suggestions for three-way comparisons (X < Y < Z)
- Improve type checking stability
- Improve location information for errors when parsing invalid type annotations
- Compiler now generates bytecode version 3 in all configurations
- Improve performance of comparisons against numeric constants on AArch64
Implements the string interpolation RFC (#165).
Adds the string interpolation as per the RFC.
```lua
local name = "world"
print(`Hello {name}!`) -- Hello world!
```
Co-authored-by: Arseny Kapoulkine <arseny.kapoulkine@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Alexander McCord <11488393+alexmccord@users.noreply.github.com>
