Add 2-component vector constructor (#1569)

Implement RFC: 2-component vector constructor. This includes 2-component
overload for `vector.create` and associated fastcall function, and its
type definition. These features are controlled by a new feature flag
`LuauVector2Constructor`. Additionally constant folding now supports two
components when `LuauVector2Constants` feature flag is set.

Note: this work does not include changes to CodeGen. Thus calls to
`vector.create` with only two arguments are not natively compiled
currently. This is left for future work.

Analysis/src/EmbeddedBuiltinDefinitions.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauVectorDefinitionsExtra)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauBufferBitMethods)
+LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauVector2Constructor)
 
 namespace Luau
 {
@@ -265,7 +266,7 @@ declare buffer: {
 
 )BUILTIN_SRC";
 
-static const std::string kBuiltinDefinitionVectorSrc_DEPRECATED = R"BUILTIN_SRC(
+static const std::string kBuiltinDefinitionVectorSrc_NoExtra_NoVector2Ctor_DEPRECATED = R"BUILTIN_SRC(
 
 -- TODO: this will be replaced with a built-in primitive type
 declare class vector end
@@ -291,6 +292,62 @@ declare vector: {
 
 )BUILTIN_SRC";
 
+static const std::string kBuiltinDefinitionVectorSrc_NoExtra_DEPRECATED = R"BUILTIN_SRC(
+
+-- TODO: this will be replaced with a built-in primitive type
+declare class vector end
+
+declare vector: {
+    create: @checked (x: number, y: number, z: number?) -> vector,
+    magnitude: @checked (vec: vector) -> number,
+    normalize: @checked (vec: vector) -> vector,
+    cross: @checked (vec1: vector, vec2: vector) -> vector,
+    dot: @checked (vec1: vector, vec2: vector) -> number,
+    angle: @checked (vec1: vector, vec2: vector, axis: vector?) -> number,
+    floor: @checked (vec: vector) -> vector,
+    ceil: @checked (vec: vector) -> vector,
+    abs: @checked (vec: vector) -> vector,
+    sign: @checked (vec: vector) -> vector,
+    clamp: @checked (vec: vector, min: vector, max: vector) -> vector,
+    max: @checked (vector, ...vector) -> vector,
+    min: @checked (vector, ...vector) -> vector,
+
+    zero: vector,
+    one: vector,
+}
+
+)BUILTIN_SRC";
+
+static const std::string kBuiltinDefinitionVectorSrc_NoVector2Ctor_DEPRECATED = R"BUILTIN_SRC(
+
+-- While vector would have been better represented as a built-in primitive type, type solver class handling covers most of the properties
+declare class vector
+    x: number
+    y: number
+    z: number
+end
+
+declare vector: {
+    create: @checked (x: number, y: number, z: number) -> vector,
+    magnitude: @checked (vec: vector) -> number,
+    normalize: @checked (vec: vector) -> vector,
+    cross: @checked (vec1: vector, vec2: vector) -> vector,
+    dot: @checked (vec1: vector, vec2: vector) -> number,
+    angle: @checked (vec1: vector, vec2: vector, axis: vector?) -> number,
+    floor: @checked (vec: vector) -> vector,
+    ceil: @checked (vec: vector) -> vector,
+    abs: @checked (vec: vector) -> vector,
+    sign: @checked (vec: vector) -> vector,
+    clamp: @checked (vec: vector, min: vector, max: vector) -> vector,
+    max: @checked (vector, ...vector) -> vector,
+    min: @checked (vector, ...vector) -> vector,
+
+    zero: vector,
+    one: vector,
+}
+
+)BUILTIN_SRC";
+
 static const std::string kBuiltinDefinitionVectorSrc = R"BUILTIN_SRC(
 
 -- While vector would have been better represented as a built-in primitive type, type solver class handling covers most of the properties
@@ -301,7 +358,7 @@ declare class vector
 end
 
 declare vector: {
-    create: @checked (x: number, y: number, z: number) -> vector,
+    create: @checked (x: number, y: number, z: number?) -> vector,
     magnitude: @checked (vec: vector) -> number,
     normalize: @checked (vec: vector) -> vector,
     cross: @checked (vec1: vector, vec2: vector) -> vector,
@@ -328,9 +385,19 @@ std::string getBuiltinDefinitionSource()
     result += FFlag::LuauBufferBitMethods ? kBuiltinDefinitionBufferSrc : kBuiltinDefinitionBufferSrc_DEPRECATED;
 
     if (FFlag::LuauVectorDefinitionsExtra)
-        result += kBuiltinDefinitionVectorSrc;
+    {
+        if (FFlag::LuauVector2Constructor)
+            result += kBuiltinDefinitionVectorSrc;
+        else
+            result += kBuiltinDefinitionVectorSrc_NoVector2Ctor_DEPRECATED;
+    }
     else
-        result += kBuiltinDefinitionVectorSrc_DEPRECATED;
+    {
+        if (FFlag::LuauVector2Constructor)
+            result += kBuiltinDefinitionVectorSrc_NoExtra_DEPRECATED;
+        else
+            result += kBuiltinDefinitionVectorSrc_NoExtra_NoVector2Ctor_DEPRECATED;
+    }
 
     return result;
 }

Compiler/src/BuiltinFolding.cpp

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 #include <math.h>
 
+LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauVector2Constants)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauCompileMathLerp)
 
 namespace Luau
@@ -473,11 +474,13 @@ Constant foldBuiltin(int bfid, const Constant* args, size_t count)
         break;
 
     case LBF_VECTOR:
-        if (count >= 3 && args[0].type == Constant::Type_Number && args[1].type == Constant::Type_Number && args[2].type == Constant::Type_Number)
+        if (count >= 2 && args[0].type == Constant::Type_Number && args[1].type == Constant::Type_Number)
         {
-            if (count == 3)
+            if (count == 2 && FFlag::LuauVector2Constants)
+                return cvector(args[0].valueNumber, args[1].valueNumber, 0.0, 0.0);
+            else if (count == 3 && args[2].type == Constant::Type_Number)
                 return cvector(args[0].valueNumber, args[1].valueNumber, args[2].valueNumber, 0.0);
-            else if (count == 4 && args[3].type == Constant::Type_Number)
+            else if (count == 4 && args[2].type == Constant::Type_Number && args[3].type == Constant::Type_Number)
                 return cvector(args[0].valueNumber, args[1].valueNumber, args[2].valueNumber, args[3].valueNumber);
         }
         break;

VM/src/lbuiltins.cpp

@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@
 #endif
 #endif
 
+LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauVector2Constructor)
+
 // luauF functions implement FASTCALL instruction that performs a direct execution of some builtin functions from the VM
 // The rule of thumb is that FASTCALL functions can not call user code, yield, fail, or reallocate stack.
 // If types of the arguments mismatch, luauF_* needs to return -1 and the execution will fall back to the usual call path
@@ -1055,26 +1057,60 @@ static int luauF_tunpack(lua_State* L, StkId res, TValue* arg0, int nresults, St
 
 static int luauF_vector(lua_State* L, StkId res, TValue* arg0, int nresults, StkId args, int nparams)
 {
-    if (nparams >= 3 && nresults <= 1 && ttisnumber(arg0) && ttisnumber(args) && ttisnumber(args + 1))
+    if (FFlag::LuauVector2Constructor)
     {
-        double x = nvalue(arg0);
-        double y = nvalue(args);
-        double z = nvalue(args + 1);
+        if (nparams >= 2 && nresults <= 1 && ttisnumber(arg0) && ttisnumber(args))
+        {
+            float x = (float)nvalue(arg0);
+            float y = (float)nvalue(args);
+            float z = 0.0f;
+
+            if (nparams >= 3)
+            {
+                if (!ttisnumber(args + 1))
+                    return -1;
+                z = (float)nvalue(args + 1);
+            }
 
 #if LUA_VECTOR_SIZE == 4
-        double w = 0.0;
-        if (nparams >= 4)
-        {
-            if (!ttisnumber(args + 2))
-                return -1;
-            w = nvalue(args + 2);
-        }
-        setvvalue(res, float(x), float(y), float(z), float(w));
+            float w = 0.0f;
+            if (nparams >= 4)
+            {
+                if (!ttisnumber(args + 2))
+                    return -1;
+                w = (float)nvalue(args + 2);
+            }
+            setvvalue(res, x, y, z, w);
 #else
-        setvvalue(res, float(x), float(y), float(z), 0.0f);
+            setvvalue(res, x, y, z, 0.0f);
 #endif
 
-        return 1;
+            return 1;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if (nparams >= 3 && nresults <= 1 && ttisnumber(arg0) && ttisnumber(args) && ttisnumber(args + 1))
+        {
+            double x = nvalue(arg0);
+            double y = nvalue(args);
+            double z = nvalue(args + 1);
+
+#if LUA_VECTOR_SIZE == 4
+            double w = 0.0;
+            if (nparams >= 4)
+            {
+                if (!ttisnumber(args + 2))
+                    return -1;
+                w = nvalue(args + 2);
+            }
+            setvvalue(res, float(x), float(y), float(z), float(w));
+#else
+            setvvalue(res, float(x), float(y), float(z), 0.0f);
+#endif
+
+            return 1;
+        }
     }
 
     return -1;

VM/src/lveclib.cpp

@@ -7,16 +7,19 @@
 #include <math.h>
 
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauVectorMetatable)
+LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauVector2Constructor)
 
 static int vector_create(lua_State* L)
 {
+    // checking argument count to avoid accepting 'nil' as a valid value
+    int count = lua_gettop(L);
+
     double x = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
     double y = luaL_checknumber(L, 2);
-    double z = luaL_checknumber(L, 3);
+    double z = FFlag::LuauVector2Constructor ? (count >= 3 ? luaL_checknumber(L, 3) : 0.0) : luaL_checknumber(L, 3);
 
 #if LUA_VECTOR_SIZE == 4
-    // checking argument count to avoid accepting 'nil' as a valid value
-    double w = lua_gettop(L) >= 4 ? luaL_checknumber(L, 4) : 0.0;
+    double w = count >= 4 ? luaL_checknumber(L, 4) : 0.0;
 
     lua_pushvector(L, float(x), float(y), float(z), float(w));
 #else

bench/micro_tests/test_vector_lib.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+local function prequire(name) local success, result = pcall(require, name); return success and result end
+local bench = script and require(script.Parent.bench_support) or prequire("bench_support") or require("../bench_support")
+
+bench.runCode(function()
+	for i=1,1000000 do
+		vector.create(i, 2, 3)
+		vector.create(i, 2, 3)
+		vector.create(i, 2, 3)
+		vector.create(i, 2, 3)
+		vector.create(i, 2, 3)
+	end
+end, "vector: create")
+
+-- TODO: add more tests

tests/Compiler.test.cpp

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ LUAU_FASTINT(LuauRecursionLimit)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauCompileOptimizeRevArith)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauCompileLibraryConstants)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauVectorFolding)
+LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauVector2Constants)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauCompileDisabledBuiltins)
 
 using namespace Luau;
@@ -5098,36 +5099,49 @@ L0: RETURN R3 -1
 )");
 }
 
-TEST_CASE("VectorLiterals")
+TEST_CASE("VectorConstants")
 {
-    CHECK_EQ("\n" + compileFunction("return Vector3.new(1, 2, 3)", 0, 2, 0, /*enableVectors*/ true), R"(
+    ScopedFastFlag luauVector2Constants{FFlag::LuauVector2Constants, true};
+
+    CHECK_EQ("\n" + compileFunction("return vector.create(1, 2)", 0, 2, 0), R"(
+LOADK R0 K0 [1, 2, 0]
+RETURN R0 1
+)");
+
+    CHECK_EQ("\n" + compileFunction("return vector.create(1, 2, 3)", 0, 2, 0), R"(
 LOADK R0 K0 [1, 2, 3]
 RETURN R0 1
 )");
 
-    CHECK_EQ("\n" + compileFunction("print(Vector3.new(1, 2, 3))", 0, 2, 0, /*enableVectors*/ true), R"(
+    CHECK_EQ("\n" + compileFunction("print(vector.create(1, 2, 3))", 0, 2, 0), R"(
 GETIMPORT R0 1 [print]
 LOADK R1 K2 [1, 2, 3]
 CALL R0 1 0
 RETURN R0 0
 )");
 
-    CHECK_EQ("\n" + compileFunction("print(Vector3.new(1, 2, 3, 4))", 0, 2, 0, /*enableVectors*/ true), R"(
+    CHECK_EQ("\n" + compileFunction("print(vector.create(1, 2, 3, 4))", 0, 2, 0), R"(
 GETIMPORT R0 1 [print]
 LOADK R1 K2 [1, 2, 3, 4]
 CALL R0 1 0
 RETURN R0 0
 )");
 
-    CHECK_EQ("\n" + compileFunction("return Vector3.new(0, 0, 0), Vector3.new(-0, 0, 0)", 0, 2, 0, /*enableVectors*/ true), R"(
+    CHECK_EQ("\n" + compileFunction("return vector.create(0, 0, 0), vector.create(-0, 0, 0)", 0, 2, 0), R"(
 LOADK R0 K0 [0, 0, 0]
 LOADK R1 K1 [-0, 0, 0]
 RETURN R0 2
 )");
 
-    CHECK_EQ("\n" + compileFunction("return type(Vector3.new(0, 0, 0))", 0, 2, 0, /*enableVectors*/ true), R"(
+    CHECK_EQ("\n" + compileFunction("return type(vector.create(0, 0, 0))", 0, 2, 0), R"(
 LOADK R0 K0 ['vector']
 RETURN R0 1
+)");
+
+    // test legacy constructor
+    CHECK_EQ("\n" + compileFunction("return Vector3.new(1, 2, 3)", 0, 2, 0, /*enableVectors*/ true), R"(
+LOADK R0 K0 [1, 2, 3]
+RETURN R0 1
 )");
 }
 

tests/Conformance.test.cpp

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ LUAU_DYNAMIC_FASTFLAG(LuauDebugInfoInvArgLeftovers)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauVectorLibNativeCodegen)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauVectorLibNativeDot)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauVectorMetatable)
+LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauVector2Constructor)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauBufferBitMethods)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauCodeGenLimitLiveSlotReuse)
 
@@ -896,6 +897,7 @@ TEST_CASE("VectorLibrary")
     ScopedFastFlag luauVectorLibNativeCodegen{FFlag::LuauVectorLibNativeCodegen, true};
     ScopedFastFlag luauVectorLibNativeDot{FFlag::LuauVectorLibNativeDot, true};
     ScopedFastFlag luauVectorMetatable{FFlag::LuauVectorMetatable, true};
+    ScopedFastFlag luauVector2Constructor{FFlag::LuauVector2Constructor, true};
 
     lua_CompileOptions copts = defaultOptions();
 
@@ -986,6 +988,7 @@ static void populateRTTI(lua_State* L, Luau::TypeId type)
 
 TEST_CASE("Types")
 {
+    ScopedFastFlag luauVector2Constructor{FFlag::LuauVector2Constructor, true};
     ScopedFastFlag luauMathLerp{FFlag::LuauMathLerp, false}; // waiting for math.lerp to be added to embedded type definitions
 
     runConformance(

tests/Fixture.cpp

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 static const char* mainModuleName = "MainModule";
 
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauSolverV2);
+LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauVector2Constructor)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(DebugLuauLogSolverToJsonFile)
 
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(DebugLuauForceAllNewSolverTests);
@@ -580,6 +581,8 @@ LoadDefinitionFileResult Fixture::loadDefinition(const std::string& source, bool
 BuiltinsFixture::BuiltinsFixture(bool prepareAutocomplete)
     : Fixture(prepareAutocomplete)
 {
+    ScopedFastFlag luauVector2Constructor{FFlag::LuauVector2Constructor, true};
+
     Luau::unfreeze(frontend.globals.globalTypes);
     Luau::unfreeze(frontend.globalsForAutocomplete.globalTypes);
 

tests/NonStrictTypeChecker.test.cpp

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include <iostream>
 
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauCountSelfCallsNonstrict)
+LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauVector2Constructor)
 
 using namespace Luau;
 
@@ -581,7 +582,8 @@ buffer.readi8(b, 0)
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(NonStrictTypeCheckerFixture, "nonstrict_method_calls")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sff{FFlag::LuauCountSelfCallsNonstrict, true};
+    ScopedFastFlag luauCountSelfCallsNonstrict{FFlag::LuauCountSelfCallsNonstrict, true};
+    ScopedFastFlag luauVector2Constructor{FFlag::LuauVector2Constructor, true};
 
     Luau::unfreeze(frontend.globals.globalTypes);
     Luau::unfreeze(frontend.globalsForAutocomplete.globalTypes);

tests/conformance/vector_library.lua

@@ -11,8 +11,15 @@ function ecall(fn, ...)
 end
 
 -- make sure we cover both builtin and C impl
+assert(vector.create(1, 2) == vector.create("1", "2"))
 assert(vector.create(1, 2, 4) == vector.create("1", "2", "4"))
 
+-- 'create'
+local v12 = vector.create(1, 2)
+local v123 = vector.create(1, 2, 3)
+assert(v12.x == 1 and v12.y == 2 and v12.z == 0)
+assert(v123.x == 1 and v123.y == 2 and v123.z == 3)
+
 -- testing 'dot' with error handling and different call kinds to mostly check details in the codegen
 assert(vector.dot(vector.create(1, 2, 4), vector.create(5, 6, 7)) == 45)
 assert(ecall(function() vector.dot(vector.create(1, 2, 4)) end) == "missing argument #2 to 'dot' (vector expected)")