Update rbx-dom dependencies (#304)

.gitattributes

@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
 * text=auto
 
-# Temporarily highlight luau as normal lua files
-# until we get native linguist support for Luau
-*.luau linguist-language=Lua
-
 # Ensure all lua files use LF
 *.lua  eol=lf
 *.luau eol=lf

.github/workflows/ci.yaml

@@ -23,11 +23,8 @@ jobs:
         with:
           components: rustfmt
 
-      - name: Install Just
-        uses: extractions/setup-just@v2
-
       - name: Install Tooling
-        uses: ok-nick/setup-aftman@v0.4.2
+        uses: CompeyDev/setup-rokit@v0.1.2
 
       - name: Check Formatting
         run: just fmt-check
@@ -40,11 +37,8 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout repository
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
-      - name: Install Just
-        uses: extractions/setup-just@v2
-
       - name: Install Tooling
-        uses: ok-nick/setup-aftman@v0.4.2
+        uses: CompeyDev/setup-rokit@v0.1.2
 
       - name: Analyze
         run: just analyze
@@ -88,17 +82,20 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build
         run: |
           cargo build \
+          --workspace \
           --locked --all-features \
           --target ${{ matrix.cargo-target }}
 
       - name: Lint
         run: |
           cargo clippy \
+          --workspace \
           --locked --all-features \
           --target ${{ matrix.cargo-target }}
 
       - name: Test
         run: |
           cargo test \
+          --lib --workspace \
           --locked --all-features \
           --target ${{ matrix.cargo-target }}

.github/workflows/release.yaml

@@ -27,26 +27,26 @@ jobs:
           file: crates/lune/Cargo.toml
           field: package.version
 
-  dry-run:
-    name: Dry-run
-    needs: ["init"]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+  # dry-run:
+  #   name: Dry-run
+  #   needs: ["init"]
+  #   runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+  #   steps:
+  #     - name: Checkout repository
+  #       uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
-      - name: Install Rust
-        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+  #     - name: Install Rust
+  #       uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
 
-      - name: Publish (dry-run)
-        uses: katyo/publish-crates@v2
-        with:
-          dry-run: true
-          check-repo: true
-          registry-token: ${{ secrets.CARGO_REGISTRY_TOKEN }}
+  #     - name: Publish (dry-run)
+  #       uses: katyo/publish-crates@v2
+  #       with:
+  #         dry-run: true
+  #         check-repo: true
+  #         registry-token: ${{ secrets.CARGO_REGISTRY_TOKEN }}
 
   build:
-    needs: ["init", "dry-run"]
+    needs: ["init"] # , "dry-run"]
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ jobs:
   release-github:
     name: Release (GitHub)
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: ["init", "dry-run", "build"]
+    needs: ["init", "build"] # , "dry-run", "build"]
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -139,20 +139,20 @@ jobs:
           files: ./releases/*.zip
           draft: true
 
-  release-crates:
-    name: Release (crates.io)
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: ["init", "dry-run", "build"]
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+  # release-crates:
+  #   name: Release (crates.io)
+  #   runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+  #   needs: ["init", "dry-run", "build"]
+  #   steps:
+  #     - name: Checkout repository
+  #       uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
-      - name: Install Rust
-        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+  #     - name: Install Rust
+  #       uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
 
-      - name: Publish crates
-        uses: katyo/publish-crates@v2
-        with:
-          dry-run: false
-          check-repo: true
-          registry-token: ${{ secrets.CARGO_REGISTRY_TOKEN }}
+  #     - name: Publish crates
+  #       uses: katyo/publish-crates@v2
+  #       with:
+  #         dry-run: false
+  #         check-repo: true
+  #         registry-token: ${{ secrets.CARGO_REGISTRY_TOKEN }}

.lune/hello_lune.luau

@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ end
 ]]
 
 print("Sending 4 pings to google 🌏")
-local result = process.spawn("ping", {
+local result = process.exec("ping", {
 	"google.com",
 	"-c 4",
 })

.lune/websocket_client.luau

@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ end)
 
 for _ = 1, 5 do
 	local start = os.clock()
-	socket.send(tostring(1))
-	local response = socket.next()
+	socket:send(tostring(1))
+	local response = socket:next()
 	local elapsed = os.clock() - start
 	print(`Got response '{response}' in {elapsed * 1_000} milliseconds`)
 	task.wait(1 - elapsed)
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ end
 -- Everything went well, and we are done with the socket, so we can close it
 
 print("Closing web socket...")
-socket.close()
+socket:close()
 
 task.cancel(forceExit)
 print("Done! 🌙")

.lune/websocket_server.luau

@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ local handle = net.serve(PORT, {
 	handleWebSocket = function(socket)
 		print("Got new web socket connection!")
 		repeat
-			local message = socket.next()
+			local message = socket:next()
 			if message ~= nil then
-				socket.send("Echo - " .. message)
+				socket:send("Echo - " .. message)
 			end
 		until message == nil
 		print("Web socket disconnected.")

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -8,10 +8,146 @@ All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
 The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/),
 and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).
 
-## `0.8.4` - May 12th, 2024
+## `0.9.0`
+
+### Breaking changes
+
+- Added two new process spawning functions - `process.create` and `process.exec`, removing the previous `process.spawn` API completely. ([#211])
+
+  To migrate from `process.spawn`, use the new `process.exec` API which retains the same behavior as the old function.
+
+  The new `process.create` function is a non-blocking process creation API and can be used to interactively
+  read and write stdio of the process.
+
+  ```lua
+  local child = process.create("program", {
+    "cli-argument",
+    "other-cli-argument"
+  })
+
+  -- Writing to stdin
+  child.stdin:write("Hello from Lune!")
+
+  -- Reading from stdout
+  local data = child.stdout:read()
+  print(buffer.tostring(data))
+  ```
+
+- WebSocket methods in `net.socket` and `net.serve` now use standard Lua method calling convention and colon syntax.
+  This means `socket.send(...)` is now `socket:send(...)`, `socket.close(...)` is now `socket:close(...)`, and so on.
+
+- `Runtime::run` now returns a more useful value instead of an `ExitCode` ([#178])
 
 ### Changed
 
+- Documentation comments for several standard library properties have been improved ([#248], [#250])
+- Error messages no longer contain redundant or duplicate stack trace information
+
+[#178]: https://github.com/lune-org/lune/pull/178
+[#211]: https://github.com/lune-org/lune/pull/211
+[#248]: https://github.com/lune-org/lune/pull/248
+[#250]: https://github.com/lune-org/lune/pull/250
+
+## `0.8.9` - October 7th, 2024
+
+### Changed
+
+- Updated to Luau version `0.640`
+
+## `0.8.8` - August 22nd, 2024
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Fixed errors when deserializing `Lighting.AttributesSerialize` by updating `rbx-dom` dependencies ([#245])
+
+[#245]: https://github.com/lune-org/lune/pull/245
+
+## `0.8.7` - August 10th, 2024
+
+### Added
+
+- Added a compression level option to `serde.compress` ([#224])
+- Added missing vector methods to the `roblox` library ([#228])
+
+### Changed
+
+- Updated to Luau version `0.635`
+- Updated to rbx-dom database version `0.634`
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Fixed `fs.readDir` with trailing forward-slash on Windows ([#220])
+- Fixed `__type` and `__tostring` metamethods not always being respected when formatting tables
+
+[#220]: https://github.com/lune-org/lune/pull/220
+[#224]: https://github.com/lune-org/lune/pull/224
+[#228]: https://github.com/lune-org/lune/pull/228
+
+## `0.8.6` - June 23rd, 2024
+
+### Added
+
+- Added a builtin API for hashing and calculating HMACs as part of the `serde` library ([#193])
+
+  Basic usage:
+
+  ```lua
+  local serde = require("@lune/serde")
+  local hash = serde.hash("sha256", "a message to hash")
+  local hmac = serde.hmac("sha256", "a message to hash", "a secret string")
+
+  print(hash)
+  print(hmac)
+  ```
+
+  The returned hashes are sequences of lowercase hexadecimal digits. The following algorithms are supported:
+  `md5`, `sha1`, `sha224`, `sha256`, `sha384`, `sha512`, `sha3-224`, `sha3-256`, `sha3-384`, `sha3-512`, `blake3`
+
+- Added two new options to `luau.load`:
+
+  - `codegenEnabled` - whether or not codegen should be enabled for the loaded chunk.
+  - `injectGlobals` - whether or not to inject globals into a passed `environment`.
+
+  By default, globals are injected and codegen is disabled.
+  Check the documentation for the `luau` standard library for more information.
+
+- Implemented support for floor division operator / `__idiv` for the `Vector2` and `Vector3` types in the `roblox` standard library ([#196])
+- Fixed the `_VERSION` global containing an incorrect Lune version string.
+
+### Changed
+
+- Sandboxing and codegen in the Luau VM is now fully enabled, resulting in up to 2x or faster code execution.
+  This should not result in any behavior differences in Lune, but if it does, please open an issue.
+- Improved formatting of custom error objects (such as when `fs.readFile` returns an error) when printed or formatted using `stdio.format`.
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Fixed `__type` and `__tostring` metamethods on userdatas and tables not being respected when printed or formatted using `stdio.format`.
+
+[#193]: https://github.com/lune-org/lune/pull/193
+[#196]: https://github.com/lune-org/lune/pull/196
+
+## `0.8.5` - June 1st, 2024
+
+### Changed
+
+- Improved table pretty formatting when using `print`, `warn`, and `stdio.format`:
+
+  - Keys are sorted numerically / alphabetically when possible.
+  - Keys of different types are put in distinct sections for mixed tables.
+  - Tables that are arrays no longer display their keys.
+  - Empty tables are no longer spread across lines.
+
+## Fixed
+
+- Fixed formatted values in tables not being separated by newlines.
+- Fixed panicking (crashing) when using `process.spawn` with a program that does not exist.
+- Fixed `instance:SetAttribute("name", nil)` throwing an error and not removing the attribute.
+
+## `0.8.4` - May 12th, 2024
+
+### Added
+
 - Added a builtin API for regular expressions.
 
   Example basic usage:
@@ -51,6 +187,10 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
   Currently supported targets are the same as the ones included with each
   release of Lune on GitHub. Check releases for a full list of targets.
 
+- Added `stdio.readToEnd()` for reading the entire stdin passed to Lune
+
+### Changed
+
 - Split the repository into modular crates instead of a monolith. ([#188])
 
   If you previously depended on Lune as a crate, nothing about it has changed for version `0.8.4`, but now each individual sub-crate has also been published and is available for use:
@@ -64,7 +204,6 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 
   In general, this should mean that it is now much easier to make your own Lune builtin, publish your own flavor of a Lune CLI, or take advantage of all the work that has been done for Lune as a runtime when making your own Rust programs.
 
-- Added `stdio.readToEnd()` for reading the entire stdin passed to Lune
 - Changed the `User-Agent` header in `net.request` to be more descriptive ([#186])
 - Updated to Luau version `0.622`.
 

Cargo.toml

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ members = [
     "crates/lune-std-stdio",
     "crates/lune-std-task",
     "crates/lune-utils",
+    "crates/mlua-luau-scheduler",
 ]
 
 # Profile for building the release binary, with the following options set:

README.md

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ Lune provides fully asynchronous APIs wherever possible, and is built in Rust
 ## Features
 
 - 🌙 Strictly minimal but powerful interface that is easy to read and remember, just like Luau itself
-- 🧰 Fully featured APIs for the filesystem, networking, stdio, all included in the small (~5mb) executable
+- 🧰 Fully featured APIs for the filesystem, networking, stdio, all included in the small (~5mb zipped) executable
 - 📚 World-class documentation, on the web _or_ directly in your editor, no network connection necessary
 - 🏡 Familiar runtime environment for Roblox developers, with an included 1-to-1 task scheduler port
 - ✏️ Optional built-in library for manipulating Roblox place & model files, and their instances

aftman.toml

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-[tools]
-luau-lsp = "JohnnyMorganz/luau-lsp@1.29.0"
-selene = "Kampfkarren/selene@0.27.1"
-stylua = "JohnnyMorganz/StyLua@0.20.0"

crates/lune-roblox/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "lune-roblox"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.1.4"
 edition = "2021"
 license = "MPL-2.0"
 repository = "https://github.com/lune-org/lune"
@@ -13,17 +13,17 @@ path = "src/lib.rs"
 workspace = true
 
 [dependencies]
-mlua = { version = "0.9.7", features = ["luau"] }
+mlua = { version = "0.9.9", features = ["luau"] }
 
 glam = "0.27"
 rand = "0.8"
 thiserror = "1.0"
 once_cell = "1.17"
 
-rbx_binary = "0.7.3"
-rbx_dom_weak = "2.6.0"
-rbx_reflection = "4.4.0"
-rbx_reflection_database = "0.2.9"
-rbx_xml = "0.13.2"
+rbx_binary = "1.0.0"
+rbx_dom_weak = "3.0.0"
+rbx_reflection = "5.0.0"
+rbx_reflection_database = "1.0.0"
+rbx_xml = "1.0.0"
 
-lune-utils = { version = "0.1.0", path = "../lune-utils" }
+lune-utils = { version = "0.1.3", path = "../lune-utils" }

crates/lune-roblox/src/datatypes/conversion.rs

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ impl<'lua> DomValueToLua<'lua> for LuaValue<'lua> {
                 DomValue::Float32(n) => Ok(LuaValue::Number(*n as f64)),
                 DomValue::String(s) => Ok(LuaValue::String(lua.create_string(s)?)),
                 DomValue::BinaryString(s) => Ok(LuaValue::String(lua.create_string(s)?)),
-                DomValue::Content(s) => Ok(LuaValue::String(
+                DomValue::ContentId(s) => Ok(LuaValue::String(
                     lua.create_string(AsRef::<str>::as_ref(s))?,
                 )),
 

crates/lune-roblox/src/datatypes/types/vector2.rs

@@ -52,6 +52,9 @@ impl LuaUserData for Vector2 {
 
     fn add_methods<'lua, M: LuaUserDataMethods<'lua, Self>>(methods: &mut M) {
         // Methods
+        methods.add_method("Angle", |_, this, rhs: LuaUserDataRef<Vector2>| {
+            Ok(this.0.angle_between(rhs.0))
+        });
         methods.add_method("Cross", |_, this, rhs: LuaUserDataRef<Vector2>| {
             let this_v3 = Vec3::new(this.0.x, this.0.y, 0f32);
             let rhs_v3 = Vec3::new(rhs.0.x, rhs.0.y, 0f32);
@@ -60,6 +63,14 @@ impl LuaUserData for Vector2 {
         methods.add_method("Dot", |_, this, rhs: LuaUserDataRef<Vector2>| {
             Ok(this.0.dot(rhs.0))
         });
+        methods.add_method(
+            "FuzzyEq",
+            |_, this, (rhs, epsilon): (LuaUserDataRef<Vector2>, f32)| {
+                let eq_x = (rhs.0.x - this.0.x).abs() <= epsilon;
+                let eq_y = (rhs.0.y - this.0.y).abs() <= epsilon;
+                Ok(eq_x && eq_y)
+            },
+        );
         methods.add_method(
             "Lerp",
             |_, this, (rhs, alpha): (LuaUserDataRef<Vector2>, f32)| {
@@ -72,6 +83,10 @@ impl LuaUserData for Vector2 {
         methods.add_method("Min", |_, this, rhs: LuaUserDataRef<Vector2>| {
             Ok(Vector2(this.0.min(rhs.0)))
         });
+        methods.add_method("Abs", |_, this, ()| Ok(Vector2(this.0.abs())));
+        methods.add_method("Ceil", |_, this, ()| Ok(Vector2(this.0.ceil())));
+        methods.add_method("Floor", |_, this, ()| Ok(Vector2(this.0.floor())));
+        methods.add_method("Sign", |_, this, ()| Ok(Vector2(this.0.signum())));
         // Metamethods
         methods.add_meta_method(LuaMetaMethod::Eq, userdata_impl_eq);
         methods.add_meta_method(LuaMetaMethod::ToString, userdata_impl_to_string);
@@ -80,6 +95,7 @@ impl LuaUserData for Vector2 {
         methods.add_meta_method(LuaMetaMethod::Sub, userdata_impl_sub);
         methods.add_meta_method(LuaMetaMethod::Mul, userdata_impl_mul_f32);
         methods.add_meta_method(LuaMetaMethod::Div, userdata_impl_div_f32);
+        methods.add_meta_method(LuaMetaMethod::IDiv, userdata_impl_idiv_f32);
     }
 }
 
@@ -138,6 +154,20 @@ impl ops::Div<f32> for Vector2 {
     }
 }
 
+impl IDiv for Vector2 {
+    type Output = Vector2;
+    fn idiv(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
+        Self((self.0 / rhs.0).floor())
+    }
+}
+
+impl IDiv<f32> for Vector2 {
+    type Output = Vector2;
+    fn idiv(self, rhs: f32) -> Self::Output {
+        Self((self.0 / rhs).floor())
+    }
+}
+
 impl From<DomVector2> for Vector2 {
     fn from(v: DomVector2) -> Self {
         Vector2(Vec2 { x: v.x, y: v.y })

crates/lune-roblox/src/datatypes/types/vector3.rs

@@ -133,6 +133,10 @@ impl LuaUserData for Vector3 {
         methods.add_method("Min", |_, this, rhs: LuaUserDataRef<Vector3>| {
             Ok(Vector3(this.0.min(rhs.0)))
         });
+        methods.add_method("Abs", |_, this, ()| Ok(Vector3(this.0.abs())));
+        methods.add_method("Ceil", |_, this, ()| Ok(Vector3(this.0.ceil())));
+        methods.add_method("Floor", |_, this, ()| Ok(Vector3(this.0.floor())));
+        methods.add_method("Sign", |_, this, ()| Ok(Vector3(this.0.signum())));
         // Metamethods
         methods.add_meta_method(LuaMetaMethod::Eq, userdata_impl_eq);
         methods.add_meta_method(LuaMetaMethod::ToString, userdata_impl_to_string);
@@ -141,6 +145,7 @@ impl LuaUserData for Vector3 {
         methods.add_meta_method(LuaMetaMethod::Sub, userdata_impl_sub);
         methods.add_meta_method(LuaMetaMethod::Mul, userdata_impl_mul_f32);
         methods.add_meta_method(LuaMetaMethod::Div, userdata_impl_div_f32);
+        methods.add_meta_method(LuaMetaMethod::IDiv, userdata_impl_idiv_f32);
     }
 }
 
@@ -199,6 +204,20 @@ impl ops::Div<f32> for Vector3 {
     }
 }
 
+impl IDiv for Vector3 {
+    type Output = Vector3;
+    fn idiv(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
+        Self((self.0 / rhs.0).floor())
+    }
+}
+
+impl IDiv<f32> for Vector3 {
+    type Output = Vector3;
+    fn idiv(self, rhs: f32) -> Self::Output {
+        Self((self.0 / rhs).floor())
+    }
+}
+
 impl From<DomVector3> for Vector3 {
     fn from(v: DomVector3) -> Self {
         Vector3(Vec3 {

crates/lune-roblox/src/document/kind.rs

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ impl DocumentKind {
         for child_ref in dom.root().children() {
             if let Some(child_inst) = dom.get_by_ref(*child_ref) {
                 has_top_level_child = true;
-                if class_is_a_service(&child_inst.class).unwrap_or(false) {
+                if class_is_a_service(child_inst.class).unwrap_or(false) {
                     has_top_level_service = true;
                     break;
                 }

crates/lune-roblox/src/document/postprocessing.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use rbx_dom_weak::{
     types::{Ref as DomRef, VariantType as DomType},
-    Instance as DomInstance, WeakDom,
+    ustr, Instance as DomInstance, WeakDom,
 };
 
 use crate::shared::instance::class_is_a;
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ pub fn postprocess_dom_for_model(dom: &mut WeakDom) {
         remove_matching_prop(inst, DomType::UniqueId, "HistoryId");
         // Similar story with ScriptGuid - this is used
         // in the studio-only cloud script drafts feature
-        if class_is_a(&inst.class, "LuaSourceContainer").unwrap_or(false) {
-            inst.properties.remove("ScriptGuid");
+        if class_is_a(inst.class, "LuaSourceContainer").unwrap_or(false) {
+            inst.properties.remove(&ustr("ScriptGuid"));
         }
     });
 }
@@ -41,7 +41,8 @@ where
 }
 
 fn remove_matching_prop(inst: &mut DomInstance, ty: DomType, name: &'static str) {
-    if inst.properties.get(name).map_or(false, |u| u.ty() == ty) {
+    let name = &ustr(name);
+    if inst.properties.get(name).is_some_and(|u| u.ty() == ty) {
         inst.properties.remove(name);
     }
 }

crates/lune-roblox/src/instance/base.rs

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ pub fn add_methods<'lua, M: LuaUserDataMethods<'lua, Instance>>(m: &mut M) {
         "FindFirstAncestorWhichIsA",
         |lua, this, class_name: String| {
             ensure_not_destroyed(this)?;
-            this.find_ancestor(|child| class_is_a(&child.class, &class_name).unwrap_or(false))
+            this.find_ancestor(|child| class_is_a(child.class, &class_name).unwrap_or(false))
                 .into_lua(lua)
         },
     );
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ pub fn add_methods<'lua, M: LuaUserDataMethods<'lua, Instance>>(m: &mut M) {
         |lua, this, (class_name, recursive): (String, Option<bool>)| {
             ensure_not_destroyed(this)?;
             let predicate =
-                |child: &DomInstance| class_is_a(&child.class, &class_name).unwrap_or(false);
+                |child: &DomInstance| class_is_a(child.class, &class_name).unwrap_or(false);
             if matches!(recursive, Some(true)) {
                 this.find_descendant(predicate).into_lua(lua)
             } else {
@@ -113,8 +113,7 @@ pub fn add_methods<'lua, M: LuaUserDataMethods<'lua, Instance>>(m: &mut M) {
         },
     );
     m.add_method("IsA", |_, this, class_name: String| {
-        ensure_not_destroyed(this)?;
-        Ok(class_is_a(&this.class_name, class_name).unwrap_or(false))
+        Ok(class_is_a(this.class_name, class_name).unwrap_or(false))
     });
     m.add_method(
         "IsAncestorOf",
@@ -155,13 +154,18 @@ pub fn add_methods<'lua, M: LuaUserDataMethods<'lua, Instance>>(m: &mut M) {
         |lua, this, (attribute_name, lua_value): (String, LuaValue)| {
             ensure_not_destroyed(this)?;
             ensure_valid_attribute_name(&attribute_name)?;
-            match lua_value.lua_to_dom_value(lua, None) {
-                Ok(dom_value) => {
-                    ensure_valid_attribute_value(&dom_value)?;
-                    this.set_attribute(attribute_name, dom_value);
-                    Ok(())
+            if lua_value.is_nil() || lua_value.is_null() {
+                this.remove_attribute(attribute_name);
+                Ok(())
+            } else {
+                match lua_value.lua_to_dom_value(lua, None) {
+                    Ok(dom_value) => {
+                        ensure_valid_attribute_value(&dom_value)?;
+                        this.set_attribute(attribute_name, dom_value);
+                        Ok(())
+                    }
+                    Err(e) => Err(e.into()),
                 }
-                Err(e) => Err(e.into()),
             }
         },
     );
@@ -212,20 +216,21 @@ fn instance_property_get<'lua>(
     this: &Instance,
     prop_name: String,
 ) -> LuaResult<LuaValue<'lua>> {
-    ensure_not_destroyed(this)?;
-
     match prop_name.as_str() {
         "ClassName" => return this.get_class_name().into_lua(lua),
-        "Name" => {
-            return this.get_name().into_lua(lua);
-        }
         "Parent" => {
             return this.get_parent().into_lua(lua);
         }
         _ => {}
     }
 
-    if let Some(info) = find_property_info(&this.class_name, &prop_name) {
+    ensure_not_destroyed(this)?;
+
+    if prop_name.as_str() == "Name" {
+        return this.get_name().into_lua(lua);
+    }
+
+    if let Some(info) = find_property_info(this.class_name, &prop_name) {
         if let Some(prop) = this.get_property(&prop_name) {
             if let DomValue::Enum(enum_value) = prop {
                 let enum_name = info.enum_name.ok_or_else(|| {
@@ -270,7 +275,7 @@ fn instance_property_get<'lua>(
     } else if let Some(inst) = this.find_child(|inst| inst.name == prop_name) {
         Ok(LuaValue::UserData(lua.create_userdata(inst)?))
     } else if let Some(getter) = InstanceRegistry::find_property_getter(lua, this, &prop_name) {
-        getter.call(this.clone())
+        getter.call(*this)
     } else if let Some(method) = InstanceRegistry::find_method(lua, this, &prop_name) {
         Ok(LuaValue::Function(method))
     } else {
@@ -316,13 +321,13 @@ fn instance_property_set<'lua>(
             }
             type Parent<'lua> = Option<LuaUserDataRef<'lua, Instance>>;
             let parent = Parent::from_lua(prop_value, lua)?;
-            this.set_parent(parent.map(|p| p.clone()));
+            this.set_parent(parent.map(|p| *p));
             return Ok(());
         }
         _ => {}
     }
 
-    if let Some(info) = find_property_info(&this.class_name, &prop_name) {
+    if let Some(info) = find_property_info(this.class_name, &prop_name) {
         if let Some(enum_name) = info.enum_name {
             match LuaUserDataRef::<EnumItem>::from_lua(prop_value, lua) {
                 Ok(given_enum) if given_enum.parent.desc.name == enum_name => {
@@ -349,7 +354,7 @@ fn instance_property_set<'lua>(
             )))
         }
     } else if let Some(setter) = InstanceRegistry::find_property_setter(lua, this, &prop_name) {
-        setter.call((this.clone(), prop_value))
+        setter.call((*this, prop_value))
     } else {
         Err(LuaError::RuntimeError(format!(
             "{prop_name} is not a valid member of {this}",

crates/lune-roblox/src/instance/data_model.rs

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ pub fn add_methods<'lua, M: LuaUserDataMethods<'lua, Instance>>(m: &mut M) {
 
     ### See Also
     * [`Terrain`](https://create.roblox.com/docs/reference/engine/classes/Workspace#Terrain)
-    on the Roblox Developer Hub
+      on the Roblox Developer Hub
 */
 fn data_model_get_workspace(_: &Lua, this: &Instance) -> LuaResult<Instance> {
     get_or_create_property_ref_instance(this, "Workspace", "Workspace")
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ fn data_model_get_workspace(_: &Lua, this: &Instance) -> LuaResult<Instance> {
 
     ### See Also
     * [`GetService`](https://create.roblox.com/docs/reference/engine/classes/ServiceProvider#GetService)
-    on the Roblox Developer Hub
+      on the Roblox Developer Hub
 */
 fn data_model_get_service(_: &Lua, this: &Instance, service_name: String) -> LuaResult<Instance> {
     if matches!(class_is_a_service(&service_name), None | Some(false)) {
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ fn data_model_get_service(_: &Lua, this: &Instance, service_name: String) -> Lua
         Ok(service)
     } else {
         let service = Instance::new_orphaned(service_name);
-        service.set_parent(Some(this.clone()));
+        service.set_parent(Some(*this));
         Ok(service)
     }
 }
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ fn data_model_get_service(_: &Lua, this: &Instance, service_name: String) -> Lua
 
     ### See Also
     * [`FindService`](https://create.roblox.com/docs/reference/engine/classes/ServiceProvider#FindService)
-    on the Roblox Developer Hub
+      on the Roblox Developer Hub
 */
 fn data_model_find_service(
     _: &Lua,

crates/lune-roblox/src/instance/mod.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use mlua::prelude::*;
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
 use rbx_dom_weak::{
     types::{Attributes as DomAttributes, Ref as DomRef, Variant as DomValue},
-    Instance as DomInstance, InstanceBuilder as DomInstanceBuilder, WeakDom,
+    ustr, Instance as DomInstance, InstanceBuilder as DomInstanceBuilder, Ustr, WeakDom,
 };
 
 use lune_utils::TableBuilder;
@@ -34,10 +34,10 @@ const PROPERTY_NAME_TAGS: &str = "Tags";
 static INTERNAL_DOM: Lazy<Mutex<WeakDom>> =
     Lazy::new(|| Mutex::new(WeakDom::new(DomInstanceBuilder::new("ROOT"))));
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 pub struct Instance {
     pub(crate) dom_ref: DomRef,
-    pub(crate) class_name: String,
+    pub(crate) class_name: Ustr,
 }
 
 impl Instance {
@@ -45,38 +45,26 @@ impl Instance {
         Creates a new `Instance` from an existing dom object ref.
 
         Panics if the instance does not exist in the internal dom,
-        or if the given dom object ref points to the dom root.
+        or if the given dom object ref points to the internal dom root.
 
         **WARNING:** Creating a new instance requires locking the internal dom,
         any existing lock must first be released to prevent any deadlocking.
     */
-    pub(crate) fn new(dom_ref: DomRef) -> Self {
-        let dom = INTERNAL_DOM.lock().expect("Failed to lock document");
-
-        let instance = dom
-            .get_by_ref(dom_ref)
-            .expect("Failed to find instance in document");
-
-        assert!(
-            !(instance.referent() == dom.root_ref()),
-            "Instances can not be created from dom roots"
-        );
-
-        Self {
-            dom_ref,
-            class_name: instance.class.clone(),
-        }
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(dom_ref: DomRef) -> Self {
+        Self::new_opt(dom_ref).expect("Failed to find instance in document")
     }
 
     /**
         Creates a new `Instance` from a dom object ref, if the instance exists.
 
-        Panics if the given dom object ref points to the dom root.
+        Panics if the given dom object ref points to the internal dom root.
 
         **WARNING:** Creating a new instance requires locking the internal dom,
         any existing lock must first be released to prevent any deadlocking.
     */
-    pub(crate) fn new_opt(dom_ref: DomRef) -> Option<Self> {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new_opt(dom_ref: DomRef) -> Option<Self> {
         let dom = INTERNAL_DOM.lock().expect("Failed to lock document");
 
         if let Some(instance) = dom.get_by_ref(dom_ref) {
@@ -87,7 +75,7 @@ impl Instance {
 
             Some(Self {
                 dom_ref,
-                class_name: instance.class.clone(),
+                class_name: instance.class,
             })
         } else {
             None
@@ -97,24 +85,25 @@ impl Instance {
     /**
         Creates a new orphaned `Instance` with a given class name.
 
-        An orphaned instance is an instance at the root of a weak dom.
+        An orphaned instance is an instance at the root of Lune's internal weak dom.
 
         **WARNING:** Creating a new instance requires locking the internal dom,
         any existing lock must first be released to prevent any deadlocking.
     */
-    pub(crate) fn new_orphaned(class_name: impl AsRef<str>) -> Self {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new_orphaned(class_name: impl AsRef<str>) -> Self {
         let mut dom = INTERNAL_DOM.lock().expect("Failed to lock document");
 
         let class_name = class_name.as_ref();
 
-        let instance = DomInstanceBuilder::new(class_name.to_string());
+        let instance = DomInstanceBuilder::new(class_name);
 
         let dom_root = dom.root_ref();
         let dom_ref = dom.insert(dom_root, instance);
 
         Self {
             dom_ref,
-            class_name: class_name.to_string(),
+            class_name: ustr(class_name),
         }
     }
 
@@ -122,10 +111,11 @@ impl Instance {
         Creates a new orphaned `Instance` by transferring
         it from an external weak dom to the internal one.
 
-        An orphaned instance is an instance at the root of a weak dom.
+        An orphaned instance is an instance at the root of Lune's internal weak dom.
 
         Panics if the given dom ref is the root dom ref of the external weak dom.
     */
+    #[must_use]
     pub fn from_external_dom(external_dom: &mut WeakDom, external_dom_ref: DomRef) -> Self {
         let mut dom = INTERNAL_DOM.lock().expect("Failed to lock document");
         let dom_root = dom.root_ref();
@@ -151,6 +141,12 @@ impl Instance {
         cloned
     }
 
+    /**
+        Clones multiple instances to an external weak dom.
+
+        This will place the instances as children of the
+        root of the weak dom, and return their referents.
+    */
     pub fn clone_multiple_into_external_dom(
         referents: &[DomRef],
         external_dom: &mut WeakDom,
@@ -174,7 +170,7 @@ impl Instance {
 
         ### See Also
         * [`Clone`](https://create.roblox.com/docs/reference/engine/classes/Instance#Clone)
-        on the Roblox Developer Hub
+          on the Roblox Developer Hub
     */
     #[must_use]
     pub fn clone_instance(&self) -> Self {
@@ -198,7 +194,7 @@ impl Instance {
 
         ### See Also
         * [`Destroy`](https://create.roblox.com/docs/reference/engine/classes/Instance#Destroy)
-        on the Roblox Developer Hub
+          on the Roblox Developer Hub
     */
     pub fn destroy(&mut self) -> bool {
         if self.is_destroyed() {
@@ -225,7 +221,7 @@ impl Instance {
         ### See Also
         * [`Instance::Destroy`] for more info about what happens when an instance gets destroyed
         * [`ClearAllChildren`](https://create.roblox.com/docs/reference/engine/classes/Instance#ClearAllChildren)
-        on the Roblox Developer Hub
+          on the Roblox Developer Hub
     */
     pub fn clear_all_children(&mut self) {
         let mut dom = INTERNAL_DOM.lock().expect("Failed to lock document");
@@ -245,10 +241,10 @@ impl Instance {
 
         ### See Also
         * [`IsA`](https://create.roblox.com/docs/reference/engine/classes/Instance#IsA)
-        on the Roblox Developer Hub
+          on the Roblox Developer Hub
     */
     pub fn is_a(&self, class_name: impl AsRef<str>) -> bool {
-        class_is_a(&self.class_name, class_name).unwrap_or(false)
+        class_is_a(self.class_name, class_name).unwrap_or(false)
     }
 
     /**
@@ -258,7 +254,7 @@ impl Instance {
 
         ### See Also
         * [`ClassName`](https://create.roblox.com/docs/reference/engine/classes/Instance#ClassName)
-        on the Roblox Developer Hub
+          on the Roblox Developer Hub
     */
     #[must_use]
     pub fn get_class_name(&self) -> &str {
@@ -270,7 +266,7 @@ impl Instance {
 
         ### See Also
         * [`Name`](https://create.roblox.com/docs/reference/engine/classes/Instance#Name)
-        on the Roblox Developer Hub
+          on the Roblox Developer Hub
     */
     pub fn get_name(&self) -> String {
         let dom = INTERNAL_DOM.lock().expect("Failed to lock document");
@@ -286,7 +282,7 @@ impl Instance {
 
         ### See Also
         * [`Name`](https://create.roblox.com/docs/reference/engine/classes/Instance#Name)
-        on the Roblox Developer Hub
+          on the Roblox Developer Hub
     */
     pub fn set_name(&self, name: impl Into<String>) {
         let mut dom = INTERNAL_DOM.lock().expect("Failed to lock document");
@@ -301,15 +297,12 @@ impl Instance {
 
         ### See Also
         * [`Parent`](https://create.roblox.com/docs/reference/engine/classes/Instance#Parent)
-        on the Roblox Developer Hub
+          on the Roblox Developer Hub
     */
     pub fn get_parent(&self) -> Option<Instance> {
         let dom = INTERNAL_DOM.lock().expect("Failed to lock document");
 
-        let parent_ref = dom
-            .get_by_ref(self.dom_ref)
-            .expect("Failed to find instance in document")
-            .parent();
+        let parent_ref = dom.get_by_ref(self.dom_ref)?.parent();
 
         if parent_ref == dom.root_ref() {
             None
@@ -324,11 +317,11 @@ impl Instance {
 
         If the provided parent is [`None`] the instance will become orphaned.
 
-        An orphaned instance is an instance at the root of a weak dom.
+        An orphaned instance is an instance at the root of Lune's internal weak dom.
 
         ### See Also
         * [`Parent`](https://create.roblox.com/docs/reference/engine/classes/Instance#Parent)
-        on the Roblox Developer Hub
+          on the Roblox Developer Hub
     */
     pub fn set_parent(&self, parent: Option<Instance>) {
         let mut dom = INTERNAL_DOM.lock().expect("Failed to lock document");
@@ -348,7 +341,7 @@ impl Instance {
             .get_by_ref(self.dom_ref)
             .expect("Failed to find instance in document")
             .properties
-            .get(name.as_ref())
+            .get(&ustr(name.as_ref()))
             .cloned()
     }
 
@@ -365,7 +358,7 @@ impl Instance {
             .get_by_ref_mut(self.dom_ref)
             .expect("Failed to find instance in document")
             .properties
-            .insert(name.as_ref().to_string(), value);
+            .insert(ustr(name.as_ref()), value);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -373,7 +366,7 @@ impl Instance {
 
         ### See Also
         * [`GetAttribute`](https://create.roblox.com/docs/reference/engine/classes/Instance#GetAttribute)
-        on the Roblox Developer Hub
+          on the Roblox Developer Hub
     */
     pub fn get_attribute(&self, name: impl AsRef<str>) -> Option<DomValue> {
         let dom = INTERNAL_DOM.lock().expect("Failed to lock document");
@@ -381,7 +374,7 @@ impl Instance {
             .get_by_ref(self.dom_ref)
             .expect("Failed to find instance in document");
         if let Some(DomValue::Attributes(attributes)) =
-            inst.properties.get(PROPERTY_NAME_ATTRIBUTES)
+            inst.properties.get(&ustr(PROPERTY_NAME_ATTRIBUTES))
         {
             attributes.get(name.as_ref()).cloned()
         } else {
@@ -394,7 +387,7 @@ impl Instance {
 
         ### See Also
         * [`GetAttributes`](https://create.roblox.com/docs/reference/engine/classes/Instance#GetAttributes)
-        on the Roblox Developer Hub
+          on the Roblox Developer Hub
     */
     pub fn get_attributes(&self) -> BTreeMap<String, DomValue> {
         let dom = INTERNAL_DOM.lock().expect("Failed to lock document");
@@ -402,7 +395,7 @@ impl Instance {
             .get_by_ref(self.dom_ref)
             .expect("Failed to find instance in document");
         if let Some(DomValue::Attributes(attributes)) =
-            inst.properties.get(PROPERTY_NAME_ATTRIBUTES)
+            inst.properties.get(&ustr(PROPERTY_NAME_ATTRIBUTES))
         {
             attributes.clone().into_iter().collect()
         } else {
@@ -415,7 +408,7 @@ impl Instance {
 
         ### See Also
         * [`SetAttribute`](https://create.roblox.com/docs/reference/engine/classes/Instance#SetAttribute)
-        on the Roblox Developer Hub
+          on the Roblox Developer Hub
     */
     pub fn set_attribute(&self, name: impl AsRef<str>, value: DomValue) {
         let mut dom = INTERNAL_DOM.lock().expect("Failed to lock document");
@@ -429,36 +422,59 @@ impl Instance {
             value => value,
         };
         if let Some(DomValue::Attributes(attributes)) =
-            inst.properties.get_mut(PROPERTY_NAME_ATTRIBUTES)
+            inst.properties.get_mut(&ustr(PROPERTY_NAME_ATTRIBUTES))
         {
             attributes.insert(name.as_ref().to_string(), value);
         } else {
             let mut attributes = DomAttributes::new();
             attributes.insert(name.as_ref().to_string(), value);
             inst.properties.insert(
-                PROPERTY_NAME_ATTRIBUTES.to_string(),
+                ustr(PROPERTY_NAME_ATTRIBUTES),
                 DomValue::Attributes(attributes),
             );
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+        Removes an attribute from the instance.
+
+        Note that this does not have an equivalent in the Roblox engine API,
+        but separating this from `set_attribute` lets `set_attribute` be more
+        ergonomic and not require an `Option<DomValue>` for the value argument.
+        The equivalent in the Roblox engine API would be `instance:SetAttribute(name, nil)`.
+    */
+    pub fn remove_attribute(&self, name: impl AsRef<str>) {
+        let mut dom = INTERNAL_DOM.lock().expect("Failed to lock document");
+        let inst = dom
+            .get_by_ref_mut(self.dom_ref)
+            .expect("Failed to find instance in document");
+        if let Some(DomValue::Attributes(attributes)) =
+            inst.properties.get_mut(&ustr(PROPERTY_NAME_ATTRIBUTES))
+        {
+            attributes.remove(name.as_ref());
+            if attributes.is_empty() {
+                inst.properties.remove(&ustr(PROPERTY_NAME_ATTRIBUTES));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
         Adds a tag to the instance.
 
         ### See Also
         * [`AddTag`](https://create.roblox.com/docs/reference/engine/classes/CollectionService#AddTag)
-        on the Roblox Developer Hub
+          on the Roblox Developer Hub
     */
     pub fn add_tag(&self, name: impl AsRef<str>) {
         let mut dom = INTERNAL_DOM.lock().expect("Failed to lock document");
         let inst = dom
             .get_by_ref_mut(self.dom_ref)
             .expect("Failed to find instance in document");
-        if let Some(DomValue::Tags(tags)) = inst.properties.get_mut(PROPERTY_NAME_TAGS) {
+        if let Some(DomValue::Tags(tags)) = inst.properties.get_mut(&ustr(PROPERTY_NAME_TAGS)) {
             tags.push(name.as_ref());
         } else {
             inst.properties.insert(
-                PROPERTY_NAME_TAGS.to_string(),
+                ustr(PROPERTY_NAME_TAGS),
                 DomValue::Tags(vec![name.as_ref().to_string()].into()),
             );
         }
@@ -469,14 +485,14 @@ impl Instance {
 
         ### See Also
         * [`GetTags`](https://create.roblox.com/docs/reference/engine/classes/CollectionService#GetTags)
-        on the Roblox Developer Hub
+          on the Roblox Developer Hub
     */
     pub fn get_tags(&self) -> Vec<String> {
         let dom = INTERNAL_DOM.lock().expect("Failed to lock document");
         let inst = dom
             .get_by_ref(self.dom_ref)
             .expect("Failed to find instance in document");
-        if let Some(DomValue::Tags(tags)) = inst.properties.get(PROPERTY_NAME_TAGS) {
+        if let Some(DomValue::Tags(tags)) = inst.properties.get(&ustr(PROPERTY_NAME_TAGS)) {
             tags.iter().map(ToString::to_string).collect()
         } else {
             Vec::new()
@@ -488,14 +504,14 @@ impl Instance {
 
         ### See Also
         * [`HasTag`](https://create.roblox.com/docs/reference/engine/classes/CollectionService#HasTag)
-        on the Roblox Developer Hub
+          on the Roblox Developer Hub
     */
     pub fn has_tag(&self, name: impl AsRef<str>) -> bool {
         let dom = INTERNAL_DOM.lock().expect("Failed to lock document");
         let inst = dom
             .get_by_ref(self.dom_ref)
             .expect("Failed to find instance in document");
-        if let Some(DomValue::Tags(tags)) = inst.properties.get(PROPERTY_NAME_TAGS) {
+        if let Some(DomValue::Tags(tags)) = inst.properties.get(&ustr(PROPERTY_NAME_TAGS)) {
             let name = name.as_ref();
             tags.iter().any(|tag| tag == name)
         } else {
@@ -508,21 +524,19 @@ impl Instance {
 
         ### See Also
         * [`RemoveTag`](https://create.roblox.com/docs/reference/engine/classes/CollectionService#RemoveTag)
-        on the Roblox Developer Hub
+          on the Roblox Developer Hub
     */
     pub fn remove_tag(&self, name: impl AsRef<str>) {
         let mut dom = INTERNAL_DOM.lock().expect("Failed to lock document");
         let inst = dom
             .get_by_ref_mut(self.dom_ref)
             .expect("Failed to find instance in document");
-        if let Some(DomValue::Tags(tags)) = inst.properties.get_mut(PROPERTY_NAME_TAGS) {
+        if let Some(DomValue::Tags(tags)) = inst.properties.get_mut(&ustr(PROPERTY_NAME_TAGS)) {
             let name = name.as_ref();
             let mut new_tags = tags.iter().map(ToString::to_string).collect::<Vec<_>>();
             new_tags.retain(|tag| tag != name);
-            inst.properties.insert(
-                PROPERTY_NAME_TAGS.to_string(),
-                DomValue::Tags(new_tags.into()),
-            );
+            inst.properties
+                .insert(ustr(PROPERTY_NAME_TAGS), DomValue::Tags(new_tags.into()));
         }
     }
 
@@ -534,7 +548,7 @@ impl Instance {
 
         ### See Also
         * [`GetChildren`](https://create.roblox.com/docs/reference/engine/classes/Instance#GetChildren)
-        on the Roblox Developer Hub
+          on the Roblox Developer Hub
     */
     pub fn get_children(&self) -> Vec<Instance> {
         let dom = INTERNAL_DOM.lock().expect("Failed to lock document");
@@ -557,7 +571,7 @@ impl Instance {
 
         ### See Also
         * [`GetDescendants`](https://create.roblox.com/docs/reference/engine/classes/Instance#GetDescendants)
-        on the Roblox Developer Hub
+          on the Roblox Developer Hub
     */
     pub fn get_descendants(&self) -> Vec<Instance> {
         let dom = INTERNAL_DOM.lock().expect("Failed to lock document");
@@ -591,7 +605,7 @@ impl Instance {
 
         ### See Also
         * [`GetFullName`](https://create.roblox.com/docs/reference/engine/classes/Instance#GetFullName)
-        on the Roblox Developer Hub
+          on the Roblox Developer Hub
     */
     pub fn get_full_name(&self) -> String {
         let dom = INTERNAL_DOM.lock().expect("Failed to lock document");
@@ -681,7 +695,7 @@ impl Instance {
 
         ### See Also
         * [`FindFirstDescendant`](https://create.roblox.com/docs/reference/engine/classes/Instance#FindFirstDescendant)
-        on the Roblox Developer Hub
+            on the Roblox Developer Hub
     */
     pub fn find_descendant<F>(&self, predicate: F) -> Option<Instance>
     where

crates/lune-roblox/src/instance/terrain.rs

@@ -27,9 +27,8 @@ pub fn add_methods<'lua, M: LuaUserDataMethods<'lua, Instance>>(methods: &mut M)
 }
 
 fn get_or_create_material_colors(instance: &Instance) -> MaterialColors {
-    if let Some(Variant::MaterialColors(material_colors)) = instance.get_property("MaterialColors")
-    {
-        material_colors
+    if let Some(Variant::MaterialColors(inner)) = instance.get_property("MaterialColors") {
+        inner
     } else {
         MaterialColors::default()
     }
@@ -40,7 +39,7 @@ fn get_or_create_material_colors(instance: &Instance) -> MaterialColors {
 
     ### See Also
     * [`GetMaterialColor`](https://create.roblox.com/docs/reference/engine/classes/Terrain#GetMaterialColor)
-    on the Roblox Developer Hub
+      on the Roblox Developer Hub
 */
 fn terrain_get_material_color(_: &Lua, this: &Instance, material: EnumItem) -> LuaResult<Color3> {
     let material_colors = get_or_create_material_colors(this);
@@ -65,7 +64,7 @@ fn terrain_get_material_color(_: &Lua, this: &Instance, material: EnumItem) -> L
 
     ### See Also
     * [`SetMaterialColor`](https://create.roblox.com/docs/reference/engine/classes/Terrain#SetMaterialColor)
-    on the Roblox Developer Hub
+      on the Roblox Developer Hub
 */
 fn terrain_set_material_color(
     _: &Lua,

crates/lune-roblox/src/instance/workspace.rs

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ pub fn add_fields<'lua, F: LuaUserDataFields<'lua, Instance>>(f: &mut F) {
 
     ### See Also
     * [`Terrain`](https://create.roblox.com/docs/reference/engine/classes/Workspace#Terrain)
-    on the Roblox Developer Hub
+      on the Roblox Developer Hub
 */
 fn workspace_get_terrain(_: &Lua, this: &Instance) -> LuaResult<Instance> {
     get_or_create_property_ref_instance(this, "Terrain", "Terrain")
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ fn workspace_get_terrain(_: &Lua, this: &Instance) -> LuaResult<Instance> {
 
     ### See Also
     * [`CurrentCamera`](https://create.roblox.com/docs/reference/engine/classes/Workspace#CurrentCamera)
-    on the Roblox Developer Hub
+      on the Roblox Developer Hub
 */
 fn workspace_get_camera(_: &Lua, this: &Instance) -> LuaResult<Instance> {
     get_or_create_property_ref_instance(this, "CurrentCamera", "Camera")

crates/lune-roblox/src/shared/classes.rs

@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ pub(crate) fn get_or_create_property_ref_instance(
         Ok(inst)
     } else {
         let inst = Instance::new_orphaned(class_name);
-        inst.set_parent(Some(this.clone()));
+        inst.set_parent(Some(*this));
         this.set_property(prop_name, DomValue::Ref(inst.dom_ref));
         Ok(inst)
     }

crates/lune-roblox/src/shared/userdata.rs

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ pub fn make_list_writer() -> Box<ListWriter> {
     })
 }
 
-/**
+/*
     Userdata metamethod implementations
 
     Note that many of these return [`LuaResult`] even though they don't
@@ -149,6 +149,37 @@ where
     })
 }
 
+pub trait IDiv<Rhs = Self> {
+    type Output;
+    #[must_use]
+    fn idiv(self, rhs: Rhs) -> Self::Output;
+}
+
+pub fn userdata_impl_idiv_f32<D>(_: &Lua, datatype: &D, rhs: LuaValue) -> LuaResult<D>
+where
+    D: LuaUserData + IDiv<D, Output = D> + IDiv<f32, Output = D> + Copy + 'static,
+{
+    match &rhs {
+        LuaValue::Number(n) => return Ok(datatype.idiv(*n as f32)),
+        LuaValue::Integer(i) => return Ok(datatype.idiv(*i as f32)),
+        LuaValue::UserData(ud) => {
+            if let Ok(vec) = ud.borrow::<D>() {
+                return Ok(datatype.idiv(*vec));
+            }
+        }
+        _ => {}
+    };
+    Err(LuaError::FromLuaConversionError {
+        from: rhs.type_name(),
+        to: type_name::<D>(),
+        message: Some(format!(
+            "Expected {} or number, got {}",
+            type_name::<D>(),
+            rhs.type_name()
+        )),
+    })
+}
+
 pub fn userdata_impl_div_i32<D>(_: &Lua, datatype: &D, rhs: LuaValue) -> LuaResult<D>
 where
     D: LuaUserData + ops::Div<D, Output = D> + ops::Div<i32, Output = D> + Copy + 'static,

crates/lune-std-datetime/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "lune-std-datetime"
-version = "0.1.1"
+version = "0.1.3"
 edition = "2021"
 license = "MPL-2.0"
 repository = "https://github.com/lune-org/lune"
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ path = "src/lib.rs"
 workspace = true
 
 [dependencies]
-mlua = { version = "0.9.7", features = ["luau"] }
+mlua = { version = "0.9.9", features = ["luau"] }
 
 thiserror = "1.0"
 chrono = "0.4.38"
 chrono_lc = "0.1.6"
 
-lune-utils = { version = "0.1.0", path = "../lune-utils" }
+lune-utils = { version = "0.1.3", path = "../lune-utils" }

crates/lune-std-datetime/src/values.rs

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-/**
+/*
     Conversion methods between `DateTimeValues` and plain lua tables
 
     Note that the `IntoLua` implementation here uses a read-only table,
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ impl IntoLua<'_> for DateTimeValues {
     }
 }
 
-/**
+/*
     Conversion methods between chrono's timezone-aware `DateTime` to
     and from our non-timezone-aware `DateTimeValues` values struct
 */

crates/lune-std-fs/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "lune-std-fs"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.1.2"
 edition = "2021"
 license = "MPL-2.0"
 repository = "https://github.com/lune-org/lune"
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ path = "src/lib.rs"
 workspace = true
 
 [dependencies]
-mlua = { version = "0.9.7", features = ["luau"] }
+mlua = { version = "0.9.9", features = ["luau"] }
 
 bstr = "1.9"
 
 tokio = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["fs"] }
 
-lune-utils = { version = "0.1.0", path = "../lune-utils" }
-lune-std-datetime = { version = "0.1.0", path = "../lune-std-datetime" }
+lune-utils = { version = "0.1.3", path = "../lune-utils" }
+lune-std-datetime = { version = "0.1.2", path = "../lune-std-datetime" }

crates/lune-std-fs/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #![allow(clippy::cargo_common_metadata)]
 
 use std::io::ErrorKind as IoErrorKind;
-use std::path::{PathBuf, MAIN_SEPARATOR};
+use std::path::PathBuf;
 
 use bstr::{BString, ByteSlice};
 use mlua::prelude::*;
@@ -50,29 +50,16 @@ async fn fs_read_dir(_: &Lua, path: String) -> LuaResult<Vec<String>> {
     let mut dir_strings = Vec::new();
     let mut dir = fs::read_dir(&path).await.into_lua_err()?;
     while let Some(dir_entry) = dir.next_entry().await.into_lua_err()? {
-        if let Some(dir_path_str) = dir_entry.path().to_str() {
-            dir_strings.push(dir_path_str.to_owned());
+        if let Some(dir_name_str) = dir_entry.file_name().to_str() {
+            dir_strings.push(dir_name_str.to_owned());
         } else {
             return Err(LuaError::RuntimeError(format!(
-                "File path could not be converted into a string: '{}'",
-                dir_entry.path().display()
+                "File name could not be converted into a string: '{}'",
+                dir_entry.file_name().to_string_lossy()
             )));
         }
     }
-    let mut dir_string_prefix = path;
-    if !dir_string_prefix.ends_with(MAIN_SEPARATOR) {
-        dir_string_prefix.push(MAIN_SEPARATOR);
-    }
-    let dir_strings_no_prefix = dir_strings
-        .iter()
-        .map(|inner_path| {
-            inner_path
-                .trim()
-                .trim_start_matches(&dir_string_prefix)
-                .to_owned()
-        })
-        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-    Ok(dir_strings_no_prefix)
+    Ok(dir_strings)
 }
 
 async fn fs_write_file(_: &Lua, (path, contents): (String, BString)) -> LuaResult<()> {

crates/lune-std-luau/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "lune-std-luau"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.1.2"
 edition = "2021"
 license = "MPL-2.0"
 repository = "https://github.com/lune-org/lune"
@@ -13,6 +13,6 @@ path = "src/lib.rs"
 workspace = true
 
 [dependencies]
-mlua = { version = "0.9.7", features = ["luau"] }
+mlua = { version = "0.9.9", features = ["luau", "luau-jit"] }
 
-lune-utils = { version = "0.1.0", path = "../lune-utils" }
+lune-utils = { version = "0.1.3", path = "../lune-utils" }

crates/lune-std-luau/src/lib.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 use mlua::prelude::*;
 
-use lune_utils::TableBuilder;
+use lune_utils::{jit::JitStatus, TableBuilder};
 
 mod options;
 
@@ -44,26 +44,47 @@ fn load_source<'lua>(
     (source, options): (LuaString<'lua>, LuauLoadOptions),
 ) -> LuaResult<LuaFunction<'lua>> {
     let mut chunk = lua.load(source.as_bytes()).set_name(options.debug_name);
+    let env_changed = options.environment.is_some();
 
-    if let Some(environment) = options.environment {
-        let environment_with_globals = lua.create_table()?;
+    if let Some(custom_environment) = options.environment {
+        let environment = lua.create_table()?;
 
-        if let Some(meta) = environment.get_metatable() {
-            environment_with_globals.set_metatable(Some(meta));
+        // Inject all globals into the environment
+        if options.inject_globals {
+            for pair in lua.globals().pairs() {
+                let (key, value): (LuaValue, LuaValue) = pair?;
+                environment.set(key, value)?;
+            }
+
+            if let Some(global_metatable) = lua.globals().get_metatable() {
+                environment.set_metatable(Some(global_metatable));
+            }
+        } else if let Some(custom_metatable) = custom_environment.get_metatable() {
+            // Since we don't need to set the global metatable,
+            // we can just set a custom metatable if it exists
+            environment.set_metatable(Some(custom_metatable));
         }
 
-        for pair in lua.globals().pairs() {
+        // Inject the custom environment
+        for pair in custom_environment.pairs() {
             let (key, value): (LuaValue, LuaValue) = pair?;
-            environment_with_globals.set(key, value)?;
+            environment.set(key, value)?;
         }
 
-        for pair in environment.pairs() {
-            let (key, value): (LuaValue, LuaValue) = pair?;
-            environment_with_globals.set(key, value)?;
-        }
-
-        chunk = chunk.set_environment(environment_with_globals);
+        chunk = chunk.set_environment(environment);
     }
 
-    chunk.into_function()
+    // Enable JIT if codegen is enabled and the environment hasn't
+    // changed, otherwise disable JIT since it'll fall back anyways
+    lua.enable_jit(options.codegen_enabled && !env_changed);
+    let function = chunk.into_function()?;
+    lua.enable_jit(
+        lua.app_data_ref::<JitStatus>()
+            .ok_or(LuaError::runtime(
+                "Failed to get current JitStatus ref from AppData",
+            ))?
+            .enabled(),
+    );
+
+    Ok(function)
 }

crates/lune-std-luau/src/options.rs

@@ -79,13 +79,11 @@ impl<'lua> FromLua<'lua> for LuauCompileOptions {
     }
 }
 
-/**
-    Options for loading Lua source code.
-*/
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct LuauLoadOptions<'lua> {
     pub(crate) debug_name: String,
     pub(crate) environment: Option<LuaTable<'lua>>,
+    pub(crate) inject_globals: bool,
+    pub(crate) codegen_enabled: bool,
 }
 
 impl Default for LuauLoadOptions<'_> {
@@ -93,6 +91,8 @@ impl Default for LuauLoadOptions<'_> {
         Self {
             debug_name: DEFAULT_DEBUG_NAME.to_string(),
             environment: None,
+            inject_globals: true,
+            codegen_enabled: false,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -112,11 +112,21 @@ impl<'lua> FromLua<'lua> for LuauLoadOptions<'lua> {
                     options.environment = Some(environment);
                 }
 
+                if let Some(inject_globals) = t.get("injectGlobals")? {
+                    options.inject_globals = inject_globals;
+                }
+
+                if let Some(codegen_enabled) = t.get("codegenEnabled")? {
+                    options.codegen_enabled = codegen_enabled;
+                }
+
                 options
             }
             LuaValue::String(s) => Self {
                 debug_name: s.to_string_lossy().to_string(),
                 environment: None,
+                inject_globals: true,
+                codegen_enabled: false,
             },
             _ => {
                 return Err(LuaError::FromLuaConversionError {

crates/lune-std-net/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "lune-std-net"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.1.2"
 edition = "2021"
 license = "MPL-2.0"
 repository = "https://github.com/lune-org/lune"
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ path = "src/lib.rs"
 workspace = true
 
 [dependencies]
-mlua = { version = "0.9.7", features = ["luau"] }
-mlua-luau-scheduler = "0.0.2"
+mlua = { version = "0.9.9", features = ["luau"] }
+mlua-luau-scheduler = { version = "0.0.2", path = "../mlua-luau-scheduler" }
 
 bstr = "1.9"
 futures-util = "0.3"
@@ -35,5 +35,5 @@ tokio = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = [
     "macros",
 ] }
 
-lune-utils = { version = "0.1.0", path = "../lune-utils" }
-lune-std-serde = { version = "0.1.0", path = "../lune-std-serde" }
+lune-utils = { version = "0.1.3", path = "../lune-utils" }
+lune-std-serde = { version = "0.1.2", path = "../lune-std-serde" }

crates/lune-std-net/src/lib.rs

@@ -65,9 +65,9 @@ async fn net_request(lua: &Lua, config: RequestConfig) -> LuaResult<LuaTable> {
     res.await?.into_lua_table(lua)
 }
 
-async fn net_socket(lua: &Lua, url: String) -> LuaResult<LuaTable> {
+async fn net_socket(lua: &Lua, url: String) -> LuaResult<LuaValue> {
     let (ws, _) = tokio_tungstenite::connect_async(url).await.into_lua_err()?;
-    NetWebSocket::new(ws).into_lua_table(lua)
+    NetWebSocket::new(ws).into_lua(lua)
 }
 
 async fn net_serve<'lua>(

crates/lune-std-net/src/server/request.rs

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ impl LuaRequest {
         let path = self.head.uri.path().to_string();
         let body = lua.create_string(&self.body)?;
 
+        #[allow(clippy::mutable_key_type)]
         let query: HashMap<LuaString, LuaString> = self
             .head
             .uri
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ impl LuaRequest {
             })
             .collect::<LuaResult<_>>()?;
 
+        #[allow(clippy::mutable_key_type)]
         let headers: HashMap<LuaString, LuaString> = self
             .head
             .headers

crates/lune-std-net/src/server/service.rs

@@ -40,13 +40,13 @@ impl Service<Request<Incoming>> for Svc {
                 lua.spawn_local(async move {
                     let sock = sock.await.unwrap();
                     let lua_sock = NetWebSocket::new(sock);
-                    let lua_tab = lua_sock.into_lua_table(&lua_inner).unwrap();
+                    let lua_val = lua_sock.into_lua(&lua_inner).unwrap();
 
                     let handler_websocket: LuaFunction =
                         keys.websocket_handler(&lua_inner).unwrap().unwrap();
 
                     lua_inner
-                        .push_thread_back(handler_websocket, lua_tab)
+                        .push_thread_back(handler_websocket, lua_val)
                         .unwrap();
                 });
 

crates/lune-std-net/src/websocket.rs

@@ -23,29 +23,6 @@ use hyper_tungstenite::{
     WebSocketStream,
 };
 
-use lune_utils::TableBuilder;
-
-// Wrapper implementation for compatibility and changing colon syntax to dot syntax
-const WEB_SOCKET_IMPL_LUA: &str = r#"
-return freeze(setmetatable({
-	close = function(...)
-		return websocket:close(...)
-	end,
-	send = function(...)
-		return websocket:send(...)
-	end,
-	next = function(...)
-		return websocket:next(...)
-	end,
-}, {
-	__index = function(self, key)
-		if key == "closeCode" then
-			return websocket.closeCode
-		end
-	end,
-}))
-"#;
-
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct NetWebSocket<T> {
     close_code_exists: Arc<AtomicBool>,
@@ -125,25 +102,6 @@ where
         let mut ws = self.write_stream.lock().await;
         ws.close().await.into_lua_err()
     }
-
-    pub fn into_lua_table(self, lua: &Lua) -> LuaResult<LuaTable> {
-        let setmetatable = lua.globals().get::<_, LuaFunction>("setmetatable")?;
-        let table_freeze = lua
-            .globals()
-            .get::<_, LuaTable>("table")?
-            .get::<_, LuaFunction>("freeze")?;
-
-        let env = TableBuilder::new(lua)?
-            .with_value("websocket", self.clone())?
-            .with_value("setmetatable", setmetatable)?
-            .with_value("freeze", table_freeze)?
-            .build_readonly()?;
-
-        lua.load(WEB_SOCKET_IMPL_LUA)
-            .set_name("websocket")
-            .set_environment(env)
-            .eval()
-    }
 }
 
 impl<T> LuaUserData for NetWebSocket<T>

crates/lune-std-process/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "lune-std-process"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.1.3"
 edition = "2021"
 license = "MPL-2.0"
 repository = "https://github.com/lune-org/lune"
@@ -13,13 +13,16 @@ path = "src/lib.rs"
 workspace = true
 
 [dependencies]
-mlua = { version = "0.9.7", features = ["luau"] }
-mlua-luau-scheduler = "0.0.2"
+mlua = { version = "0.9.9", features = ["luau"] }
+mlua-luau-scheduler = { version = "0.0.2", path = "../mlua-luau-scheduler" }
 
 directories = "5.0"
 pin-project = "1.0"
 os_str_bytes = { version = "7.0", features = ["conversions"] }
 
+bstr = "1.9"
+bytes = "1.6.0"
+
 tokio = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = [
     "io-std",
     "io-util",
@@ -28,4 +31,4 @@ tokio = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = [
     "sync",
 ] }
 
-lune-utils = { version = "0.1.0", path = "../lune-utils" }
+lune-utils = { version = "0.1.3", path = "../lune-utils" }

crates/lune-std-process/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,27 +1,33 @@
 #![allow(clippy::cargo_common_metadata)]
 
 use std::{
+    cell::RefCell,
     env::{
         self,
         consts::{ARCH, OS},
     },
     path::MAIN_SEPARATOR,
     process::Stdio,
+    rc::Rc,
+    sync::Arc,
 };
 
 use mlua::prelude::*;
 
 use lune_utils::TableBuilder;
 use mlua_luau_scheduler::{Functions, LuaSpawnExt};
+use options::ProcessSpawnOptionsStdio;
 use os_str_bytes::RawOsString;
-use tokio::io::AsyncWriteExt;
+use stream::{ChildProcessReader, ChildProcessWriter};
+use tokio::{io::AsyncWriteExt, process::Child, sync::RwLock};
 
 mod options;
+mod stream;
 mod tee_writer;
 mod wait_for_child;
 
 use self::options::ProcessSpawnOptions;
-use self::wait_for_child::{wait_for_child, WaitForChildResult};
+use self::wait_for_child::wait_for_child;
 
 use lune_utils::path::get_current_dir;
 
@@ -42,8 +48,13 @@ pub fn module(lua: &Lua) -> LuaResult<LuaTable> {
         cwd_str.push(MAIN_SEPARATOR);
     }
     // Create constants for OS & processor architecture
-    let os = lua.create_string(&OS.to_lowercase())?;
-    let arch = lua.create_string(&ARCH.to_lowercase())?;
+    let os = lua.create_string(OS.to_lowercase())?;
+    let arch = lua.create_string(ARCH.to_lowercase())?;
+    let endianness = lua.create_string(if cfg!(target_endian = "big") {
+        "big"
+    } else {
+        "little"
+    })?;
     // Create readonly args array
     let args_vec = lua
         .app_data_ref::<Vec<String>>()
@@ -69,11 +80,13 @@ pub fn module(lua: &Lua) -> LuaResult<LuaTable> {
     TableBuilder::new(lua)?
         .with_value("os", os)?
         .with_value("arch", arch)?
+        .with_value("endianness", endianness)?
         .with_value("args", args_tab)?
         .with_value("cwd", cwd_str)?
         .with_value("env", env_tab)?
         .with_value("exit", process_exit)?
-        .with_async_function("spawn", process_spawn)?
+        .with_async_function("exec", process_exec)?
+        .with_function("create", process_create)?
         .build_readonly()
 }
 
@@ -141,14 +154,16 @@ fn process_env_iter<'lua>(
     })
 }
 
-async fn process_spawn(
+async fn process_exec(
     lua: &Lua,
     (program, args, options): (String, Option<Vec<String>>, ProcessSpawnOptions),
 ) -> LuaResult<LuaTable> {
     let res = lua
-        .spawn(spawn_command(program, args, options))
-        .await
-        .expect("Failed to receive result of spawned process");
+        .spawn(async move {
+            let cmd = spawn_command_with_stdin(program, args, options.clone()).await?;
+            wait_for_child(cmd, options.stdio.stdout, options.stdio.stderr).await
+        })
+        .await?;
 
     /*
         NOTE: If an exit code was not given by the child process,
@@ -171,30 +186,104 @@ async fn process_spawn(
         .build_readonly()
 }
 
-async fn spawn_command(
+#[allow(clippy::await_holding_refcell_ref)]
+fn process_create(
+    lua: &Lua,
+    (program, args, options): (String, Option<Vec<String>>, ProcessSpawnOptions),
+) -> LuaResult<LuaTable> {
+    // We do not want the user to provide stdio options for process.create,
+    // so we reset the options, regardless of what the user provides us
+    let mut spawn_options = options.clone();
+    spawn_options.stdio = ProcessSpawnOptionsStdio::default();
+
+    let (code_tx, code_rx) = tokio::sync::broadcast::channel(4);
+    let code_rx_rc = Rc::new(RefCell::new(code_rx));
+
+    let child = spawn_command(program, args, spawn_options)?;
+
+    let child_arc = Arc::new(RwLock::new(child));
+
+    let child_arc_clone = Arc::clone(&child_arc);
+    let mut child_lock = tokio::task::block_in_place(|| child_arc_clone.blocking_write());
+
+    let stdin = child_lock.stdin.take().unwrap();
+    let stdout = child_lock.stdout.take().unwrap();
+    let stderr = child_lock.stderr.take().unwrap();
+
+    let child_arc_inner = Arc::clone(&child_arc);
+
+    // Spawn a background task to wait for the child to exit and send the exit code
+    let status_handle = tokio::spawn(async move {
+        let res = child_arc_inner.write().await.wait().await;
+
+        if let Ok(output) = res {
+            let code = output.code().unwrap_or_default();
+
+            code_tx
+                .send(code)
+                .expect("ExitCode receiver was unexpectedly dropped");
+        }
+    });
+
+    TableBuilder::new(lua)?
+        .with_value("stdout", ChildProcessReader(stdout))?
+        .with_value("stderr", ChildProcessReader(stderr))?
+        .with_value("stdin", ChildProcessWriter(stdin))?
+        .with_async_function("kill", move |_, ()| {
+            // First, stop the status task so the RwLock is dropped
+            status_handle.abort();
+            let child_arc_clone = Arc::clone(&child_arc);
+
+            // Then get another RwLock to write to the child process and kill it
+            async move { Ok(child_arc_clone.write().await.kill().await?) }
+        })?
+        .with_async_function("status", move |lua, ()| {
+            let code_rx_rc_clone = Rc::clone(&code_rx_rc);
+            async move {
+                // Exit code of 9 corresponds to SIGKILL, which should be the only case where
+                // the receiver gets suddenly dropped
+                let code = code_rx_rc_clone.borrow_mut().recv().await.unwrap_or(9);
+
+                TableBuilder::new(lua)?
+                    .with_value("code", code)?
+                    .with_value("ok", code == 0)?
+                    .build_readonly()
+            }
+        })?
+        .build_readonly()
+}
+
+async fn spawn_command_with_stdin(
     program: String,
     args: Option<Vec<String>>,
     mut options: ProcessSpawnOptions,
-) -> LuaResult<WaitForChildResult> {
-    let stdout = options.stdio.stdout;
-    let stderr = options.stdio.stderr;
+) -> LuaResult<Child> {
     let stdin = options.stdio.stdin.take();
 
-    let mut child = options
-        .into_command(program, args)
-        .stdin(if stdin.is_some() {
-            Stdio::piped()
-        } else {
-            Stdio::null()
-        })
-        .stdout(stdout.as_stdio())
-        .stderr(stderr.as_stdio())
-        .spawn()?;
+    let mut child = spawn_command(program, args, options)?;
 
     if let Some(stdin) = stdin {
         let mut child_stdin = child.stdin.take().unwrap();
         child_stdin.write_all(&stdin).await.into_lua_err()?;
     }
 
-    wait_for_child(child, stdout, stderr).await
+    Ok(child)
+}
+
+fn spawn_command(
+    program: String,
+    args: Option<Vec<String>>,
+    options: ProcessSpawnOptions,
+) -> LuaResult<Child> {
+    let stdout = options.stdio.stdout;
+    let stderr = options.stdio.stderr;
+
+    let child = options
+        .into_command(program, args)
+        .stdin(Stdio::piped())
+        .stdout(stdout.as_stdio())
+        .stderr(stderr.as_stdio())
+        .spawn()?;
+
+    Ok(child)
 }

crates/lune-std-process/src/stream.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+use bstr::BString;
+use bytes::BytesMut;
+use mlua::prelude::*;
+use tokio::io::{AsyncRead, AsyncReadExt, AsyncWrite, AsyncWriteExt};
+
+const CHUNK_SIZE: usize = 8;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct ChildProcessReader<R: AsyncRead>(pub R);
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct ChildProcessWriter<W: AsyncWrite>(pub W);
+
+impl<R: AsyncRead + Unpin> ChildProcessReader<R> {
+    pub async fn read(&mut self, chunk_size: Option<usize>) -> LuaResult<Vec<u8>> {
+        let mut buf = BytesMut::with_capacity(chunk_size.unwrap_or(CHUNK_SIZE));
+        self.0.read_buf(&mut buf).await?;
+
+        Ok(buf.to_vec())
+    }
+
+    pub async fn read_to_end(&mut self) -> LuaResult<Vec<u8>> {
+        let mut buf = vec![];
+        self.0.read_to_end(&mut buf).await?;
+
+        Ok(buf)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<R: AsyncRead + Unpin + 'static> LuaUserData for ChildProcessReader<R> {
+    fn add_methods<'lua, M: LuaUserDataMethods<'lua, Self>>(methods: &mut M) {
+        methods.add_async_method_mut("read", |lua, this, chunk_size: Option<usize>| async move {
+            let buf = this.read(chunk_size).await?;
+
+            if buf.is_empty() {
+                return Ok(LuaValue::Nil);
+            }
+
+            Ok(LuaValue::String(lua.create_string(buf)?))
+        });
+
+        methods.add_async_method_mut("readToEnd", |lua, this, ()| async {
+            Ok(lua.create_string(this.read_to_end().await?))
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+impl<W: AsyncWrite + Unpin> ChildProcessWriter<W> {
+    pub async fn write(&mut self, data: BString) -> LuaResult<()> {
+        self.0.write_all(data.as_ref()).await?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<W: AsyncWrite + Unpin + 'static> LuaUserData for ChildProcessWriter<W> {
+    fn add_methods<'lua, M: LuaUserDataMethods<'lua, Self>>(methods: &mut M) {
+        methods.add_async_method_mut("write", |_, this, data| async { this.write(data).await });
+    }
+}

crates/lune-std-process/src/tee_writer.rs

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, W> AsyncWrite for AsyncTeeWriter<'a, W>
+impl<W> AsyncWrite for AsyncTeeWriter<'_, W>
 where
     W: AsyncWrite + Unpin,
 {

crates/lune-std-regex/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "lune-std-regex"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.1.2"
 edition = "2021"
 license = "MPL-2.0"
 repository = "https://github.com/lune-org/lune"
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ path = "src/lib.rs"
 workspace = true
 
 [dependencies]
-mlua = { version = "0.9.7", features = ["luau"] }
+mlua = { version = "0.9.9", features = ["luau"] }
 
 regex = "1.10"
 self_cell = "1.0"
 
-lune-utils = { version = "0.1.0", path = "../lune-utils" }
+lune-utils = { version = "0.1.3", path = "../lune-utils" }

crates/lune-std-regex/src/captures.rs

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ impl LuaUserData for LuaCaptures {
 
         methods.add_meta_method(LuaMetaMethod::Len, |_, this, ()| Ok(this.num_captures()));
         methods.add_meta_method(LuaMetaMethod::ToString, |_, this, ()| {
-            Ok(format!("RegexCaptures({})", this.num_captures()))
+            Ok(format!("{}", this.num_captures()))
         });
     }
 

crates/lune-std-regex/src/matches.rs

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ impl LuaUserData for LuaMatch {
     fn add_methods<'lua, M: LuaUserDataMethods<'lua, Self>>(methods: &mut M) {
         methods.add_meta_method(LuaMetaMethod::Len, |_, this, ()| Ok(this.range().len()));
         methods.add_meta_method(LuaMetaMethod::ToString, |_, this, ()| {
-            Ok(format!("RegexMatch({})", this.slice()))
+            Ok(this.slice().to_string())
         });
     }
 }

crates/lune-std-regex/src/regex.rs

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ impl LuaUserData for LuaRegex {
         );
 
         methods.add_meta_method(LuaMetaMethod::ToString, |_, this, ()| {
-            Ok(format!("Regex({})", this.inner.as_str()))
+            Ok(this.inner.as_str().to_string())
         });
     }
 

crates/lune-std-roblox/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "lune-std-roblox"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.1.4"
 edition = "2021"
 license = "MPL-2.0"
 repository = "https://github.com/lune-org/lune"
@@ -13,11 +13,12 @@ path = "src/lib.rs"
 workspace = true
 
 [dependencies]
-mlua = { version = "0.9.7", features = ["luau"] }
-mlua-luau-scheduler = "0.0.2"
+mlua = { version = "0.9.9", features = ["luau"] }
+mlua-luau-scheduler = { version = "0.0.2", path = "../mlua-luau-scheduler" }
 
 once_cell = "1.17"
 rbx_cookie = { version = "0.1.4", default-features = false }
+roblox_install = "1.0.0"
 
-lune-utils = { version = "0.1.0", path = "../lune-utils" }
-lune-roblox = { version = "0.1.0", path = "../lune-roblox" }
+lune-utils = { version = "0.1.3", path = "../lune-utils" }
+lune-roblox = { version = "0.1.4", path = "../lune-roblox" }

crates/lune-std-roblox/src/lib.rs

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ use lune_roblox::{
 static REFLECTION_DATABASE: OnceCell<ReflectionDatabase> = OnceCell::new();
 
 use lune_utils::TableBuilder;
+use roblox_install::RobloxStudio;
 
 /**
     Creates the `roblox` standard library module.
@@ -39,6 +40,10 @@ pub fn module(lua: &Lua) -> LuaResult<LuaTable> {
         .with_function("getReflectionDatabase", get_reflection_database)?
         .with_function("implementProperty", implement_property)?
         .with_function("implementMethod", implement_method)?
+        .with_function("studioApplicationPath", studio_application_path)?
+        .with_function("studioContentPath", studio_content_path)?
+        .with_function("studioPluginPath", studio_plugin_path)?
+        .with_function("studioBuiltinPluginPath", studio_builtin_plugin_path)?
         .build_readonly()
 }
 
@@ -72,7 +77,7 @@ async fn serialize_place<'lua>(
     lua: &'lua Lua,
     (data_model, as_xml): (LuaUserDataRef<'lua, Instance>, Option<bool>),
 ) -> LuaResult<LuaString<'lua>> {
-    let data_model = (*data_model).clone();
+    let data_model = *data_model;
     let fut = lua.spawn_blocking(move || {
         let doc = Document::from_data_model_instance(data_model)?;
         let bytes = doc.to_bytes_with_format(match as_xml {
@@ -89,7 +94,7 @@ async fn serialize_model<'lua>(
     lua: &'lua Lua,
     (instances, as_xml): (Vec<LuaUserDataRef<'lua, Instance>>, Option<bool>),
 ) -> LuaResult<LuaString<'lua>> {
-    let instances = instances.iter().map(|i| (*i).clone()).collect();
+    let instances = instances.iter().map(|i| **i).collect();
     let fut = lua.spawn_blocking(move || {
         let doc = Document::from_instance_array(instances)?;
         let bytes = doc.to_bytes_with_format(match as_xml {
@@ -147,3 +152,27 @@ fn implement_method(
     InstanceRegistry::insert_method(lua, &class_name, &method_name, method).into_lua_err()?;
     Ok(())
 }
+
+fn studio_application_path(_: &Lua, _: ()) -> LuaResult<String> {
+    RobloxStudio::locate()
+        .map(|rs| rs.application_path().display().to_string())
+        .map_err(LuaError::external)
+}
+
+fn studio_content_path(_: &Lua, _: ()) -> LuaResult<String> {
+    RobloxStudio::locate()
+        .map(|rs| rs.content_path().display().to_string())
+        .map_err(LuaError::external)
+}
+
+fn studio_plugin_path(_: &Lua, _: ()) -> LuaResult<String> {
+    RobloxStudio::locate()
+        .map(|rs| rs.plugins_path().display().to_string())
+        .map_err(LuaError::external)
+}
+
+fn studio_builtin_plugin_path(_: &Lua, _: ()) -> LuaResult<String> {
+    RobloxStudio::locate()
+        .map(|rs| rs.built_in_plugins_path().display().to_string())
+        .map_err(LuaError::external)
+}

crates/lune-std-serde/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "lune-std-serde"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.1.2"
 edition = "2021"
 license = "MPL-2.0"
 repository = "https://github.com/lune-org/lune"
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ path = "src/lib.rs"
 workspace = true
 
 [dependencies]
-mlua = { version = "0.9.7", features = ["luau", "serialize"] }
+mlua = { version = "0.9.9", features = ["luau", "serialize"] }
 
 async-compression = { version = "0.4", features = [
     "tokio",
@@ -23,15 +23,25 @@ async-compression = { version = "0.4", features = [
     "zlib",
 ] }
 bstr = "1.9"
-lz4 = "1.24"
+lz4 = "1.26"
 serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = { version = "1.0", features = ["preserve_order"] }
 serde_yaml = "0.9"
 toml = { version = "0.8", features = ["preserve_order"] }
 
+digest = "0.10.7"
+hmac = "0.12.1"
+md-5 = "0.10.6"
+sha1 = "0.10.6"
+sha2 = "0.10.8"
+sha3 = "0.10.8"
+# This feature MIGHT break due to the unstable nature of the digest crate.
+# Check before updating it.
+blake3 = { version = "=1.5.0", features = ["traits-preview"] }
+
 tokio = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = [
     "rt",
     "io-util",
 ] }
 
-lune-utils = { version = "0.1.0", path = "../lune-utils" }
+lune-utils = { version = "0.1.3", path = "../lune-utils" }

crates/lune-std-serde/src/compress_decompress.rs

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ use async_compression::{
         BrotliDecoder, BrotliEncoder, GzipDecoder, GzipEncoder, ZlibDecoder, ZlibEncoder,
     },
     Level::Best as CompressionQuality,
+    Level::Precise as PreciseCompressionQuality,
 };
 
 /**
@@ -116,9 +117,10 @@ impl<'lua> FromLua<'lua> for CompressDecompressFormat {
 
     Errors when the compression fails.
 */
-pub async fn compress<'lua>(
+pub async fn compress(
     source: impl AsRef<[u8]>,
     format: CompressDecompressFormat,
+    level: Option<i32>,
 ) -> LuaResult<Vec<u8>> {
     if let CompressDecompressFormat::LZ4 = format {
         let source = source.as_ref().to_vec();
@@ -130,18 +132,22 @@ pub async fn compress<'lua>(
 
     let mut bytes = Vec::new();
     let reader = BufReader::new(source.as_ref());
+    let compression_quality = match level {
+        Some(l) => PreciseCompressionQuality(l),
+        None => CompressionQuality,
+    };
 
     match format {
         CompressDecompressFormat::Brotli => {
-            let mut encoder = BrotliEncoder::with_quality(reader, CompressionQuality);
+            let mut encoder = BrotliEncoder::with_quality(reader, compression_quality);
             copy(&mut encoder, &mut bytes).await?;
         }
         CompressDecompressFormat::GZip => {
-            let mut encoder = GzipEncoder::with_quality(reader, CompressionQuality);
+            let mut encoder = GzipEncoder::with_quality(reader, compression_quality);
             copy(&mut encoder, &mut bytes).await?;
         }
         CompressDecompressFormat::ZLib => {
-            let mut encoder = ZlibEncoder::with_quality(reader, CompressionQuality);
+            let mut encoder = ZlibEncoder::with_quality(reader, compression_quality);
             copy(&mut encoder, &mut bytes).await?;
         }
         CompressDecompressFormat::LZ4 => unreachable!(),
@@ -157,7 +163,7 @@ pub async fn compress<'lua>(
 
     Errors when the decompression fails.
 */
-pub async fn decompress<'lua>(
+pub async fn decompress(
     source: impl AsRef<[u8]>,
     format: CompressDecompressFormat,
 ) -> LuaResult<Vec<u8>> {

crates/lune-std-serde/src/hash.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+use std::fmt::Write;
+
+use bstr::BString;
+use md5::Md5;
+use mlua::prelude::*;
+
+use blake3::Hasher as Blake3;
+use sha1::Sha1;
+use sha2::{Sha224, Sha256, Sha384, Sha512};
+use sha3::{Sha3_224, Sha3_256, Sha3_384, Sha3_512};
+
+pub struct HashOptions {
+    algorithm: HashAlgorithm,
+    message: BString,
+    secret: Option<BString>,
+    // seed: Option<BString>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+enum HashAlgorithm {
+    Md5,
+    Sha1,
+    // SHA-2 variants
+    Sha2_224,
+    Sha2_256,
+    Sha2_384,
+    Sha2_512,
+    // SHA-3 variants
+    Sha3_224,
+    Sha3_256,
+    Sha3_384,
+    Sha3_512,
+    // Blake3
+    Blake3,
+}
+
+impl HashAlgorithm {
+    pub const ALL: [Self; 11] = [
+        Self::Md5,
+        Self::Sha1,
+        Self::Sha2_224,
+        Self::Sha2_256,
+        Self::Sha2_384,
+        Self::Sha2_512,
+        Self::Sha3_224,
+        Self::Sha3_256,
+        Self::Sha3_384,
+        Self::Sha3_512,
+        Self::Blake3,
+    ];
+
+    pub const fn name(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Md5 => "md5",
+            Self::Sha1 => "sha1",
+            Self::Sha2_224 => "sha224",
+            Self::Sha2_256 => "sha256",
+            Self::Sha2_384 => "sha384",
+            Self::Sha2_512 => "sha512",
+            Self::Sha3_224 => "sha3-224",
+            Self::Sha3_256 => "sha3-256",
+            Self::Sha3_384 => "sha3-384",
+            Self::Sha3_512 => "sha3-512",
+            Self::Blake3 => "blake3",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl HashOptions {
+    /**
+        Computes the hash for the `message` using whatever `algorithm` is
+        contained within this struct and returns it as a string of hex digits.
+    */
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use = "hashing a message is useless without using the resulting hash"]
+    pub fn hash(self) -> String {
+        use digest::Digest;
+
+        let message = self.message;
+        let bytes = match self.algorithm {
+            HashAlgorithm::Md5 => Md5::digest(message).to_vec(),
+            HashAlgorithm::Sha1 => Sha1::digest(message).to_vec(),
+            HashAlgorithm::Sha2_224 => Sha224::digest(message).to_vec(),
+            HashAlgorithm::Sha2_256 => Sha256::digest(message).to_vec(),
+            HashAlgorithm::Sha2_384 => Sha384::digest(message).to_vec(),
+            HashAlgorithm::Sha2_512 => Sha512::digest(message).to_vec(),
+
+            HashAlgorithm::Sha3_224 => Sha3_224::digest(message).to_vec(),
+            HashAlgorithm::Sha3_256 => Sha3_256::digest(message).to_vec(),
+            HashAlgorithm::Sha3_384 => Sha3_384::digest(message).to_vec(),
+            HashAlgorithm::Sha3_512 => Sha3_512::digest(message).to_vec(),
+
+            HashAlgorithm::Blake3 => Blake3::digest(message).to_vec(),
+        };
+
+        // We don't want to return raw binary data generally, since that's not
+        // what most people want a hash for. So we have to make a hex string.
+        bytes
+            .iter()
+            .fold(String::with_capacity(bytes.len() * 2), |mut output, b| {
+                let _ = write!(output, "{b:02x}");
+                output
+            })
+    }
+
+    /**
+        Computes the HMAC for the `message` using whatever `algorithm` and
+        `secret` are contained within this struct. The computed value is
+        returned as a string of hex digits.
+
+        # Errors
+
+        If the `secret` is not provided or is otherwise invalid.
+    */
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn hmac(self) -> LuaResult<String> {
+        use hmac::{Hmac, Mac, SimpleHmac};
+
+        let secret = self
+            .secret
+            .ok_or_else(|| LuaError::FromLuaConversionError {
+                from: "nil",
+                to: "string or buffer",
+                message: Some("Argument #3 missing or nil".to_string()),
+            })?;
+
+        /*
+            These macros exist to remove what would ultimately be dozens of
+            repeating lines. Essentially, there's several step to processing
+            HMacs, which expands into the 3 lines you see below. However,
+            the Hmac struct is specialized towards eager block-based processes.
+            In order to support anything else, like blake3, there's a second
+            type named `SimpleHmac`. This results in duplicate macros like
+            there are below.
+        */
+        macro_rules! hmac {
+            ($Type:ty) => {{
+                let mut mac: Hmac<$Type> = Hmac::new_from_slice(&secret).into_lua_err()?;
+                mac.update(&self.message);
+                mac.finalize().into_bytes().to_vec()
+            }};
+        }
+        macro_rules! hmac_no_blocks {
+            ($Type:ty) => {{
+                let mut mac: SimpleHmac<$Type> =
+                    SimpleHmac::new_from_slice(&secret).into_lua_err()?;
+                mac.update(&self.message);
+                mac.finalize().into_bytes().to_vec()
+            }};
+        }
+
+        let bytes = match self.algorithm {
+            HashAlgorithm::Md5 => hmac!(Md5),
+            HashAlgorithm::Sha1 => hmac!(Sha1),
+
+            HashAlgorithm::Sha2_224 => hmac!(Sha224),
+            HashAlgorithm::Sha2_256 => hmac!(Sha256),
+            HashAlgorithm::Sha2_384 => hmac!(Sha384),
+            HashAlgorithm::Sha2_512 => hmac!(Sha512),
+
+            HashAlgorithm::Sha3_224 => hmac!(Sha3_224),
+            HashAlgorithm::Sha3_256 => hmac!(Sha3_256),
+            HashAlgorithm::Sha3_384 => hmac!(Sha3_384),
+            HashAlgorithm::Sha3_512 => hmac!(Sha3_512),
+
+            HashAlgorithm::Blake3 => hmac_no_blocks!(Blake3),
+        };
+        Ok(bytes
+            .iter()
+            .fold(String::with_capacity(bytes.len() * 2), |mut output, b| {
+                let _ = write!(output, "{b:02x}");
+                output
+            }))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'lua> FromLua<'lua> for HashAlgorithm {
+    fn from_lua(value: LuaValue<'lua>, _lua: &'lua Lua) -> LuaResult<Self> {
+        if let LuaValue::String(str) = value {
+            /*
+                Casing tends to vary for algorithms, so rather than force
+                people to remember it we'll just accept any casing.
+            */
+            let str = str.to_str()?.to_ascii_lowercase();
+            match str.as_str() {
+                "md5" => Ok(Self::Md5),
+                "sha1" => Ok(Self::Sha1),
+
+                "sha2-224" | "sha2_224" | "sha224" => Ok(Self::Sha2_224),
+                "sha2-256" | "sha2_256" | "sha256" => Ok(Self::Sha2_256),
+                "sha2-384" | "sha2_384" | "sha384" => Ok(Self::Sha2_384),
+                "sha2-512" | "sha2_512" | "sha512" => Ok(Self::Sha2_512),
+
+                "sha3-224" | "sha3_224" => Ok(Self::Sha3_224),
+                "sha3-256" | "sha3_256" => Ok(Self::Sha3_256),
+                "sha3-384" | "sha3_384" => Ok(Self::Sha3_384),
+                "sha3-512" | "sha3_512" => Ok(Self::Sha3_512),
+
+                "blake3" => Ok(Self::Blake3),
+
+                _ => Err(LuaError::FromLuaConversionError {
+                    from: "string",
+                    to: "HashAlgorithm",
+                    message: Some(format!(
+                        "Invalid hashing algorithm '{str}', valid kinds are:\n{}",
+                        HashAlgorithm::ALL
+                            .into_iter()
+                            .map(HashAlgorithm::name)
+                            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                            .join(", ")
+                    )),
+                }),
+            }
+        } else {
+            Err(LuaError::FromLuaConversionError {
+                from: value.type_name(),
+                to: "HashAlgorithm",
+                message: None,
+            })
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'lua> FromLuaMulti<'lua> for HashOptions {
+    fn from_lua_multi(mut values: LuaMultiValue<'lua>, lua: &'lua Lua) -> LuaResult<Self> {
+        let algorithm = values
+            .pop_front()
+            .map(|value| HashAlgorithm::from_lua(value, lua))
+            .transpose()?
+            .ok_or_else(|| LuaError::FromLuaConversionError {
+                from: "nil",
+                to: "HashAlgorithm",
+                message: Some("Argument #1 missing or nil".to_string()),
+            })?;
+        let message = values
+            .pop_front()
+            .map(|value| BString::from_lua(value, lua))
+            .transpose()?
+            .ok_or_else(|| LuaError::FromLuaConversionError {
+                from: "nil",
+                to: "string or buffer",
+                message: Some("Argument #2 missing or nil".to_string()),
+            })?;
+        let secret = values
+            .pop_front()
+            .map(|value| BString::from_lua(value, lua))
+            .transpose()?;
+        // let seed = values
+        //     .pop_front()
+        //     .map(|value| BString::from_lua(value, lua))
+        //     .transpose()?;
+
+        Ok(HashOptions {
+            algorithm,
+            message,
+            secret,
+            // seed,
+        })
+    }
+}

crates/lune-std-serde/src/lib.rs

@@ -7,9 +7,11 @@ use lune_utils::TableBuilder;
 
 mod compress_decompress;
 mod encode_decode;
+mod hash;
 
 pub use self::compress_decompress::{compress, decompress, CompressDecompressFormat};
 pub use self::encode_decode::{decode, encode, EncodeDecodeConfig, EncodeDecodeFormat};
+pub use self::hash::HashOptions;
 
 /**
     Creates the `serde` standard library module.
@@ -24,6 +26,8 @@ pub fn module(lua: &Lua) -> LuaResult<LuaTable> {
         .with_function("decode", serde_decode)?
         .with_async_function("compress", serde_compress)?
         .with_async_function("decompress", serde_decompress)?
+        .with_function("hash", hash_message)?
+        .with_function("hmac", hmac_message)?
         .build_readonly()
 }
 
@@ -42,9 +46,9 @@ fn serde_decode(lua: &Lua, (format, bs): (EncodeDecodeFormat, BString)) -> LuaRe
 
 async fn serde_compress(
     lua: &Lua,
-    (format, bs): (CompressDecompressFormat, BString),
+    (format, bs, level): (CompressDecompressFormat, BString, Option<i32>),
 ) -> LuaResult<LuaString> {
-    let bytes = compress(bs, format).await?;
+    let bytes = compress(bs, format, level).await?;
     lua.create_string(bytes)
 }
 
@@ -55,3 +59,11 @@ async fn serde_decompress(
     let bytes = decompress(bs, format).await?;
     lua.create_string(bytes)
 }
+
+fn hash_message(lua: &Lua, options: HashOptions) -> LuaResult<LuaString> {
+    lua.create_string(options.hash())
+}
+
+fn hmac_message(lua: &Lua, options: HashOptions) -> LuaResult<LuaString> {
+    lua.create_string(options.hmac()?)
+}

crates/lune-std-stdio/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "lune-std-stdio"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.1.2"
 edition = "2021"
 license = "MPL-2.0"
 repository = "https://github.com/lune-org/lune"
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@ workspace = true
 
 [dependencies]
 dialoguer = "0.11"
-mlua = { version = "0.9.7", features = ["luau"] }
-mlua-luau-scheduler = "0.0.2"
+mlua = { version = "0.9.9", features = ["luau"] }
+mlua-luau-scheduler = { version = "0.0.2", path = "../mlua-luau-scheduler" }
 
 tokio = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = [
     "io-std",
     "io-util",
 ] }
 
-lune-utils = { version = "0.1.0", path = "../lune-utils" }
+lune-utils = { version = "0.1.3", path = "../lune-utils" }

crates/lune-std-stdio/src/prompt.rs

@@ -194,14 +194,14 @@ pub fn prompt(options: PromptOptions) -> LuaResult<PromptResult> {
                 prompt = prompt.default(b);
             };
             let result = prompt
-                .with_prompt(&options.text.expect("Missing text in prompt options"))
+                .with_prompt(options.text.expect("Missing text in prompt options"))
                 .interact()
                 .into_lua_err()?;
             Ok(PromptResult::Boolean(result))
         }
         PromptKind::Select => {
             let chosen = Select::with_theme(&theme)
-                .with_prompt(&options.text.unwrap_or_default())
+                .with_prompt(options.text.unwrap_or_default())
                 .items(&options.options.expect("Missing options in prompt options"))
                 .interact_opt()
                 .into_lua_err()?;
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ pub fn prompt(options: PromptOptions) -> LuaResult<PromptResult> {
         }
         PromptKind::MultiSelect => {
             let chosen = MultiSelect::with_theme(&theme)
-                .with_prompt(&options.text.unwrap_or_default())
+                .with_prompt(options.text.unwrap_or_default())
                 .items(&options.options.expect("Missing options in prompt options"))
                 .interact_opt()
                 .into_lua_err()?;

crates/lune-std-task/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "lune-std-task"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.1.2"
 edition = "2021"
 license = "MPL-2.0"
 repository = "https://github.com/lune-org/lune"
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ path = "src/lib.rs"
 workspace = true
 
 [dependencies]
-mlua = { version = "0.9.7", features = ["luau"] }
-mlua-luau-scheduler = "0.0.2"
+mlua = { version = "0.9.9", features = ["luau"] }
+mlua-luau-scheduler = { version = "0.0.2", path = "../mlua-luau-scheduler" }
 
 tokio = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["time"] }
 
-lune-utils = { version = "0.1.0", path = "../lune-utils" }
+lune-utils = { version = "0.1.3", path = "../lune-utils" }

crates/lune-std-task/src/lib.rs

@@ -33,12 +33,6 @@ pub fn module(lua: &Lua) -> LuaResult<LuaTable> {
         .set_environment(task_delay_env)
         .into_function()?;
 
-    // Overwrite resume & wrap functions on the coroutine global
-    // with ones that are compatible with our scheduler
-    let co = lua.globals().get::<_, LuaTable>("coroutine")?;
-    co.set("resume", fns.resume.clone())?;
-    co.set("wrap", fns.wrap.clone())?;
-
     TableBuilder::new(lua)?
         .with_value("cancel", fns.cancel)?
         .with_value("defer", fns.defer)?

crates/lune-std/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "lune-std"
-version = "0.1.1"
+version = "0.1.5"
 edition = "2021"
 license = "MPL-2.0"
 repository = "https://github.com/lune-org/lune"
@@ -38,22 +38,22 @@ stdio = ["dep:lune-std-stdio"]
 task = ["dep:lune-std-task"]
 
 [dependencies]
-mlua = { version = "0.9.7", features = ["luau"] }
-mlua-luau-scheduler = "0.0.2"
+mlua = { version = "0.9.9", features = ["luau"] }
+mlua-luau-scheduler = { version = "0.0.2", path = "../mlua-luau-scheduler" }
 
 serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = "1.0"
 tokio = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["fs", "sync"] }
 
-lune-utils = { version = "0.1.0", path = "../lune-utils" }
+lune-utils = { version = "0.1.3", path = "../lune-utils" }
 
-lune-std-datetime = { optional = true, version = "0.1.1", path = "../lune-std-datetime" }
-lune-std-fs = { optional = true, version = "0.1.0", path = "../lune-std-fs" }
-lune-std-luau = { optional = true, version = "0.1.0", path = "../lune-std-luau" }
-lune-std-net = { optional = true, version = "0.1.0", path = "../lune-std-net" }
-lune-std-process = { optional = true, version = "0.1.0", path = "../lune-std-process" }
-lune-std-regex = { optional = true, version = "0.1.0", path = "../lune-std-regex" }
-lune-std-roblox = { optional = true, version = "0.1.0", path = "../lune-std-roblox" }
-lune-std-serde = { optional = true, version = "0.1.0", path = "../lune-std-serde" }
-lune-std-stdio = { optional = true, version = "0.1.0", path = "../lune-std-stdio" }
-lune-std-task = { optional = true, version = "0.1.0", path = "../lune-std-task" }
+lune-std-datetime = { optional = true, version = "0.1.3", path = "../lune-std-datetime" }
+lune-std-fs = { optional = true, version = "0.1.2", path = "../lune-std-fs" }
+lune-std-luau = { optional = true, version = "0.1.2", path = "../lune-std-luau" }
+lune-std-net = { optional = true, version = "0.1.2", path = "../lune-std-net" }
+lune-std-process = { optional = true, version = "0.1.3", path = "../lune-std-process" }
+lune-std-regex = { optional = true, version = "0.1.2", path = "../lune-std-regex" }
+lune-std-roblox = { optional = true, version = "0.1.4", path = "../lune-std-roblox" }
+lune-std-serde = { optional = true, version = "0.1.2", path = "../lune-std-serde" }
+lune-std-stdio = { optional = true, version = "0.1.2", path = "../lune-std-stdio" }
+lune-std-task = { optional = true, version = "0.1.2", path = "../lune-std-task" }

crates/lune-std/src/globals/require/context.rs

@@ -150,9 +150,9 @@ impl RequireContext {
         self.get_from_cache(lua, abs_path.as_ref())
     }
 
-    async fn load<'lua>(
+    async fn load(
         &self,
-        lua: &'lua Lua,
+        lua: &Lua,
         abs_path: impl AsRef<Path>,
         rel_path: impl AsRef<Path>,
     ) -> LuaResult<LuaRegistryKey> {

crates/lune-utils/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "lune-utils"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.1.3"
 edition = "2021"
 license = "MPL-2.0"
 repository = "https://github.com/lune-org/lune"
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ path = "src/lib.rs"
 workspace = true
 
 [dependencies]
-mlua = { version = "0.9.7", features = ["luau", "async"] }
+mlua = { version = "0.9.9", features = ["luau", "async"] }
 
 tokio = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = ["fs"] }
 
@@ -22,3 +22,5 @@ dunce = "1.0"
 once_cell = "1.17"
 path-clean = "1.0"
 pathdiff = "0.2"
+parking_lot = "0.12.3"
+semver = "1.0"

crates/lune-utils/src/fmt/error/components.rs

@@ -26,6 +26,11 @@ static STYLED_STACK_END: Lazy<String> = Lazy::new(|| {
     )
 });
 
+// NOTE: We indent using 4 spaces instead of tabs since
+// these errors are most likely to be displayed in a terminal
+// or some kind of live output - and tabs don't work well there
+const STACK_TRACE_INDENT: &str = "    ";
+
 /**
     Error components parsed from a [`LuaError`].
 
@@ -86,7 +91,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for ErrorComponents {
             let trace = self.trace.as_ref().unwrap();
             writeln!(f, "{}", *STYLED_STACK_BEGIN)?;
             for line in trace.lines() {
-                writeln!(f, "\t{line}")?;
+                writeln!(f, "{STACK_TRACE_INDENT}{line}")?;
             }
             writeln!(f, "{}", *STYLED_STACK_END)?;
         }
@@ -124,7 +129,7 @@ impl From<LuaError> for ErrorComponents {
         }
 
         // We will then try to extract any stack trace
-        let trace = if let LuaError::CallbackError {
+        let mut trace = if let LuaError::CallbackError {
             ref traceback,
             ref cause,
         } = *error
@@ -147,6 +152,45 @@ impl From<LuaError> for ErrorComponents {
             None
         };
 
+        // Sometimes, we can get duplicate stack trace lines that only
+        // mention "[C]", without a function name or path, and these can
+        // be safely ignored / removed if the following line has more info
+        if let Some(trace) = &mut trace {
+            let lines = trace.lines_mut();
+            loop {
+                let first_is_c_and_empty = lines
+                    .first()
+                    .is_some_and(|line| line.source().is_c() && line.is_empty());
+                let second_is_c_and_nonempty = lines
+                    .get(1)
+                    .is_some_and(|line| line.source().is_c() && !line.is_empty());
+                if first_is_c_and_empty && second_is_c_and_nonempty {
+                    lines.remove(0);
+                } else {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Finally, we do some light postprocessing to remove duplicate
+        // information, such as the location prefix in the error message
+        if let Some(message) = messages.last_mut() {
+            if let Some(line) = trace
+                .iter()
+                .flat_map(StackTrace::lines)
+                .find(|line| line.source().is_lua())
+            {
+                let location_prefix = format!(
+                    "[string \"{}\"]:{}:",
+                    line.path().unwrap(),
+                    line.line_number().unwrap()
+                );
+                if message.starts_with(&location_prefix) {
+                    *message = message[location_prefix.len()..].trim().to_string();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         ErrorComponents { messages, trace }
     }
 }

crates/lune-utils/src/fmt/error/stack_trace.rs

@@ -39,6 +39,24 @@ pub enum StackTraceSource {
     Lua,
 }
 
+impl StackTraceSource {
+    /**
+        Returns `true` if the error originated from a C / Rust function, `false` otherwise.
+    */
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn is_c(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::C)
+    }
+
+    /**
+        Returns `true` if the error originated from a Lua (user) function, `false` otherwise.
+    */
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn is_lua(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::Lua)
+    }
+}
+
 /**
     Stack trace line parsed from a [`LuaError`].
 */
@@ -82,6 +100,20 @@ impl StackTraceLine {
     pub fn function_name(&self) -> Option<&str> {
         self.function_name.as_deref()
     }
+
+    /**
+        Returns `true` if the stack trace line contains no "useful" information, `false` otherwise.
+
+        Useful information is determined as one of:
+
+        - A path
+        - A line number
+        - A function name
+    */
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.path.is_none() && self.line_number.is_none() && self.function_name.is_none()
+    }
 }
 
 impl FromStr for StackTraceLine {
@@ -145,6 +177,14 @@ impl StackTrace {
     pub fn lines(&self) -> &[StackTraceLine] {
         &self.lines
     }
+
+    /**
+        Returns the individual stack trace lines, mutably.
+    */
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn lines_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Vec<StackTraceLine> {
+        &mut self.lines
+    }
 }
 
 impl FromStr for StackTrace {

crates/lune-utils/src/fmt/error/tests.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use mlua::prelude::*;
 
 use crate::fmt::ErrorComponents;
 
-fn new_lua_result() -> LuaResult<()> {
+fn new_lua_runtime_error() -> LuaResult<()> {
     let lua = Lua::new();
 
     lua.globals()
@@ -17,13 +17,34 @@ fn new_lua_result() -> LuaResult<()> {
     lua.load("f()").set_name("chunk_name").eval()
 }
 
+fn new_lua_script_error() -> LuaResult<()> {
+    let lua = Lua::new();
+
+    lua.load(
+        "local function inner()\
+        \n    error(\"oh no, a script error\")\
+        \nend\
+        \n\
+        \nlocal function outer()\
+        \n    inner()\
+        \nend\
+        \n\
+        \nouter()\
+        ",
+    )
+    .set_name("chunk_name")
+    .eval()
+}
+
 // Tests for error context stack
 mod context {
     use super::*;
 
     #[test]
     fn preserves_original() {
-        let lua_error = new_lua_result().context("additional context").unwrap_err();
+        let lua_error = new_lua_runtime_error()
+            .context("additional context")
+            .unwrap_err();
         let components = ErrorComponents::from(lua_error);
 
         assert_eq!(components.messages()[0], "additional context");
@@ -34,7 +55,7 @@ mod context {
     fn preserves_levels() {
         // NOTE: The behavior in mlua is to preserve a single level of context
         // and not all levels (context gets replaced on each call to `context`)
-        let lua_error = new_lua_result()
+        let lua_error = new_lua_runtime_error()
             .context("level 1")
             .context("level 2")
             .context("level 3")
@@ -54,7 +75,7 @@ mod error_components {
 
     #[test]
     fn message() {
-        let lua_error = new_lua_result().unwrap_err();
+        let lua_error = new_lua_runtime_error().unwrap_err();
         let components = ErrorComponents::from(lua_error);
 
         assert_eq!(components.messages()[0], "oh no, a runtime error");
@@ -62,7 +83,7 @@ mod error_components {
 
     #[test]
     fn stack_begin_end() {
-        let lua_error = new_lua_result().unwrap_err();
+        let lua_error = new_lua_runtime_error().unwrap_err();
         let formatted = format!("{}", ErrorComponents::from(lua_error));
 
         assert!(formatted.contains("Stack Begin"));
@@ -71,7 +92,7 @@ mod error_components {
 
     #[test]
     fn stack_lines() {
-        let lua_error = new_lua_result().unwrap_err();
+        let lua_error = new_lua_runtime_error().unwrap_err();
         let components = ErrorComponents::from(lua_error);
 
         let mut lines = components.trace().unwrap().lines().iter();
@@ -83,3 +104,47 @@ mod error_components {
         assert_eq!(line_2, "Script 'chunk_name', Line 1");
     }
 }
+
+// Tests for general formatting
+mod general {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn message_does_not_contain_location() {
+        let lua_error = new_lua_script_error().unwrap_err();
+
+        let components = ErrorComponents::from(lua_error);
+        let trace = components.trace().unwrap();
+
+        let first_message = components.messages().first().unwrap();
+        let first_lua_stack_line = trace
+            .lines()
+            .iter()
+            .find(|line| line.source().is_lua())
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let location_prefix = format!(
+            "[string \"{}\"]:{}:",
+            first_lua_stack_line.path().unwrap(),
+            first_lua_stack_line.line_number().unwrap()
+        );
+
+        assert!(!first_message.starts_with(&location_prefix));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn no_redundant_c_mentions() {
+        let lua_error = new_lua_script_error().unwrap_err();
+
+        let components = ErrorComponents::from(lua_error);
+        let trace = components.trace().unwrap();
+
+        let c_stack_lines = trace
+            .lines()
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|line| line.source().is_c())
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+        assert_eq!(c_stack_lines.len(), 1); // Just the "error" call
+    }
+}

crates/lune-utils/src/fmt/value/basic.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
 use mlua::prelude::*;
 
+use crate::fmt::ErrorComponents;
+
 use super::{
-    metamethods::{call_table_tostring_metamethod, call_userdata_tostring_metamethod},
+    metamethods::{
+        call_table_tostring_metamethod, call_userdata_tostring_metamethod,
+        get_table_type_metavalue, get_userdata_type_metavalue,
+    },
     style::{COLOR_CYAN, COLOR_GREEN, COLOR_MAGENTA, COLOR_YELLOW},
 };
 
@@ -56,19 +61,39 @@ pub(crate) fn format_value_styled(value: &LuaValue, prefer_plain: bool) -> Strin
         LuaValue::Function(_) => COLOR_MAGENTA.apply_to("<function>").to_string(),
         LuaValue::LightUserData(_) => COLOR_MAGENTA.apply_to("<pointer>").to_string(),
         LuaValue::UserData(u) => {
-            if let Some(s) = call_userdata_tostring_metamethod(u) {
-                s
-            } else {
-                COLOR_MAGENTA.apply_to("<userdata>").to_string()
-            }
+            let formatted = format_typename_and_tostringed(
+                "userdata",
+                get_userdata_type_metavalue(u),
+                call_userdata_tostring_metamethod(u),
+            );
+            COLOR_MAGENTA.apply_to(formatted).to_string()
         }
         LuaValue::Table(t) => {
-            if let Some(s) = call_table_tostring_metamethod(t) {
-                s
-            } else {
-                COLOR_MAGENTA.apply_to("<table>").to_string()
-            }
+            let formatted = format_typename_and_tostringed(
+                "table",
+                get_table_type_metavalue(t),
+                call_table_tostring_metamethod(t),
+            );
+            COLOR_MAGENTA.apply_to(formatted).to_string()
         }
-        _ => COLOR_MAGENTA.apply_to("<?>").to_string(),
+        LuaValue::Error(e) => COLOR_MAGENTA
+            .apply_to(format!(
+                "<LuaError(\n{})>",
+                ErrorComponents::from(e.clone())
+            ))
+            .to_string(),
+    }
+}
+
+fn format_typename_and_tostringed(
+    fallback: &'static str,
+    typename: Option<String>,
+    tostringed: Option<String>,
+) -> String {
+    match (typename, tostringed) {
+        (Some(typename), Some(tostringed)) => format!("<{typename}({tostringed})>"),
+        (Some(typename), None) => format!("<{typename}>"),
+        (None, Some(tostringed)) => format!("<{tostringed}>"),
+        (None, None) => format!("<{fallback}>"),
     }
 }

crates/lune-utils/src/fmt/value/metamethods.rs

@@ -1,29 +1,37 @@
 use mlua::prelude::*;
 
+pub fn get_table_type_metavalue<'a>(tab: &'a LuaTable<'a>) -> Option<String> {
+    let s = tab
+        .get_metatable()?
+        .get::<_, LuaString>(LuaMetaMethod::Type.name())
+        .ok()?;
+    let s = s.to_str().ok()?;
+    Some(s.to_string())
+}
+
+pub fn get_userdata_type_metavalue<'a>(tab: &'a LuaAnyUserData<'a>) -> Option<String> {
+    let s = tab
+        .get_metatable()
+        .ok()?
+        .get::<LuaString>(LuaMetaMethod::Type.name())
+        .ok()?;
+    let s = s.to_str().ok()?;
+    Some(s.to_string())
+}
+
 pub fn call_table_tostring_metamethod<'a>(tab: &'a LuaTable<'a>) -> Option<String> {
-    let f = match tab.get_metatable() {
-        None => None,
-        Some(meta) => match meta.get::<_, LuaFunction>(LuaMetaMethod::ToString.name()) {
-            Ok(method) => Some(method),
-            Err(_) => None,
-        },
-    }?;
-    match f.call::<_, String>(()) {
-        Ok(res) => Some(res),
-        Err(_) => None,
-    }
+    tab.get_metatable()?
+        .get::<_, LuaFunction>(LuaMetaMethod::ToString.name())
+        .ok()?
+        .call(tab)
+        .ok()
 }
 
 pub fn call_userdata_tostring_metamethod<'a>(tab: &'a LuaAnyUserData<'a>) -> Option<String> {
-    let f = match tab.get_metatable() {
-        Err(_) => None,
-        Ok(meta) => match meta.get::<LuaFunction>(LuaMetaMethod::ToString.name()) {
-            Ok(method) => Some(method),
-            Err(_) => None,
-        },
-    }?;
-    match f.call::<_, String>(()) {
-        Ok(res) => Some(res),
-        Err(_) => None,
-    }
+    tab.get_metatable()
+        .ok()?
+        .get::<LuaFunction>(LuaMetaMethod::ToString.name())
+        .ok()?
+        .call(tab)
+        .ok()
 }

crates/lune-utils/src/fmt/value/mod.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
-use std::{
-    collections::HashSet,
-    sync::{Arc, Mutex},
-};
+use std::{collections::HashSet, sync::Arc};
 
 use console::{colors_enabled as get_colors_enabled, set_colors_enabled};
 use mlua::prelude::*;
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
+use parking_lot::ReentrantMutex;
 
 mod basic;
 mod config;
@@ -20,7 +18,7 @@ pub use self::config::ValueFormatConfig;
 // NOTE: Since the setting for colors being enabled is global,
 // and these functions may be called in parallel, we use this global
 // lock to make sure that we don't mess up the colors for other threads.
-static COLORS_LOCK: Lazy<Arc<Mutex<()>>> = Lazy::new(|| Arc::new(Mutex::new(())));
+static COLORS_LOCK: Lazy<Arc<ReentrantMutex<()>>> = Lazy::new(|| Arc::new(ReentrantMutex::new(())));
 
 /**
     Formats a Lua value into a pretty string using the given config.
@@ -28,7 +26,7 @@ static COLORS_LOCK: Lazy<Arc<Mutex<()>>> = Lazy::new(|| Arc::new(Mutex::new(()))
 #[must_use]
 #[allow(clippy::missing_panics_doc)]
 pub fn pretty_format_value(value: &LuaValue, config: &ValueFormatConfig) -> String {
-    let _guard = COLORS_LOCK.lock().unwrap();
+    let _guard = COLORS_LOCK.lock();
 
     let were_colors_enabled = get_colors_enabled();
     set_colors_enabled(were_colors_enabled && config.colors_enabled);
@@ -48,7 +46,7 @@ pub fn pretty_format_value(value: &LuaValue, config: &ValueFormatConfig) -> Stri
 #[must_use]
 #[allow(clippy::missing_panics_doc)]
 pub fn pretty_format_multi_value(values: &LuaMultiValue, config: &ValueFormatConfig) -> String {
-    let _guard = COLORS_LOCK.lock().unwrap();
+    let _guard = COLORS_LOCK.lock();
 
     let were_colors_enabled = get_colors_enabled();
     set_colors_enabled(were_colors_enabled && config.colors_enabled);

crates/lune-utils/src/fmt/value/recursive.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
+use std::cmp::Ordering;
 use std::collections::HashSet;
 use std::fmt::{self, Write as _};
 
 use mlua::prelude::*;
 
+use super::metamethods::{call_table_tostring_metamethod, get_table_type_metavalue};
 use super::{
     basic::{format_value_styled, lua_value_as_plain_string_key},
     config::ValueFormatConfig,
@@ -45,40 +47,50 @@ pub(crate) fn format_value_recursive(
     let mut buffer = String::new();
 
     if let LuaValue::Table(ref t) = value {
-        if depth >= config.max_depth {
+        if let Some(formatted) = format_typename_and_tostringed(
+            get_table_type_metavalue(t),
+            call_table_tostring_metamethod(t),
+        ) {
+            write!(buffer, "{formatted}")?;
+        } else if depth >= config.max_depth {
             write!(buffer, "{}", STYLE_DIM.apply_to("{ ... }"))?;
         } else if !visited.insert(LuaValueId::from(t)) {
             write!(buffer, "{}", STYLE_DIM.apply_to("{ recursive }"))?;
         } else {
-            writeln!(buffer, "{}", STYLE_DIM.apply_to("{"))?;
+            write!(buffer, "{}", STYLE_DIM.apply_to("{"))?;
 
-            for res in t.clone().pairs::<LuaValue, LuaValue>() {
-                let (key, value) = res.expect("conversion to LuaValue should never fail");
-                let formatted = if let Some(plain_key) = lua_value_as_plain_string_key(&key) {
-                    format!(
-                        "{}{plain_key} {} {}{}",
-                        INDENT.repeat(1 + depth),
-                        STYLE_DIM.apply_to("="),
-                        format_value_recursive(&value, config, visited, depth + 1)?,
-                        STYLE_DIM.apply_to(","),
-                    )
-                } else {
-                    format!(
-                        "{}{}{}{} {} {}{}",
-                        INDENT.repeat(1 + depth),
-                        STYLE_DIM.apply_to("["),
-                        format_value_recursive(&key, config, visited, depth + 1)?,
-                        STYLE_DIM.apply_to("]"),
-                        STYLE_DIM.apply_to("="),
-                        format_value_recursive(&value, config, visited, depth + 1)?,
-                        STYLE_DIM.apply_to(","),
-                    )
-                };
-                buffer.push_str(&formatted);
-            }
+            let mut values = t
+                .clone()
+                .pairs::<LuaValue, LuaValue>()
+                .map(|res| res.expect("conversion to LuaValue should never fail"))
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+            sort_for_formatting(&mut values);
+
+            let is_empty = values.is_empty();
+            let is_array = values
+                .iter()
+                .enumerate()
+                .all(|(i, (key, _))| key.as_integer().is_some_and(|x| x == (i as i32) + 1));
+
+            let formatted_values = if is_array {
+                format_array(values, config, visited, depth)?
+            } else {
+                format_table(values, config, visited, depth)?
+            };
 
             visited.remove(&LuaValueId::from(t));
-            write!(buffer, "\n{}", STYLE_DIM.apply_to("}"))?;
+
+            if is_empty {
+                write!(buffer, " {}", STYLE_DIM.apply_to("}"))?;
+            } else {
+                write!(
+                    buffer,
+                    "\n{}\n{}{}",
+                    formatted_values.join("\n"),
+                    INDENT.repeat(depth),
+                    STYLE_DIM.apply_to("}")
+                )?;
+            }
         }
     } else {
         let prefer_plain = depth == 0;
@@ -87,3 +99,86 @@ pub(crate) fn format_value_recursive(
 
     Ok(buffer)
 }
+
+fn sort_for_formatting(values: &mut [(LuaValue, LuaValue)]) {
+    values.sort_by(|(a, _), (b, _)| {
+        if a.type_name() == b.type_name() {
+            // If we have the same type, sort either numerically or alphabetically
+            match (a, b) {
+                (LuaValue::Integer(a), LuaValue::Integer(b)) => a.cmp(b),
+                (LuaValue::Number(a), LuaValue::Number(b)) => a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap(),
+                (LuaValue::String(a), LuaValue::String(b)) => a.to_str().ok().cmp(&b.to_str().ok()),
+                _ => Ordering::Equal,
+            }
+        } else {
+            // If we have different types, sort numbers first, then strings, then others
+            a.is_number()
+                .cmp(&b.is_number())
+                .then_with(|| a.is_string().cmp(&b.is_string()))
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+fn format_array(
+    values: Vec<(LuaValue, LuaValue)>,
+    config: &ValueFormatConfig,
+    visited: &mut HashSet<LuaValueId>,
+    depth: usize,
+) -> Result<Vec<String>, fmt::Error> {
+    values
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|(_, value)| {
+            Ok(format!(
+                "{}{}{}",
+                INDENT.repeat(1 + depth),
+                format_value_recursive(&value, config, visited, depth + 1)?,
+                STYLE_DIM.apply_to(","),
+            ))
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
+
+fn format_table(
+    values: Vec<(LuaValue, LuaValue)>,
+    config: &ValueFormatConfig,
+    visited: &mut HashSet<LuaValueId>,
+    depth: usize,
+) -> Result<Vec<String>, fmt::Error> {
+    values
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|(key, value)| {
+            if let Some(plain_key) = lua_value_as_plain_string_key(&key) {
+                Ok(format!(
+                    "{}{plain_key} {} {}{}",
+                    INDENT.repeat(1 + depth),
+                    STYLE_DIM.apply_to("="),
+                    format_value_recursive(&value, config, visited, depth + 1)?,
+                    STYLE_DIM.apply_to(","),
+                ))
+            } else {
+                Ok(format!(
+                    "{}{}{}{} {} {}{}",
+                    INDENT.repeat(1 + depth),
+                    STYLE_DIM.apply_to("["),
+                    format_value_recursive(&key, config, visited, depth + 1)?,
+                    STYLE_DIM.apply_to("]"),
+                    STYLE_DIM.apply_to("="),
+                    format_value_recursive(&value, config, visited, depth + 1)?,
+                    STYLE_DIM.apply_to(","),
+                ))
+            }
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
+
+fn format_typename_and_tostringed(
+    typename: Option<String>,
+    tostringed: Option<String>,
+) -> Option<String> {
+    match (typename, tostringed) {
+        (Some(typename), Some(tostringed)) => Some(format!("<{typename}({tostringed})>")),
+        (Some(typename), None) => Some(format!("<{typename}>")),
+        (None, Some(tostringed)) => Some(tostringed),
+        (None, None) => None,
+    }
+}

crates/lune-utils/src/jit.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default)]
+pub struct JitStatus(bool);
+
+impl JitStatus {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(enabled: bool) -> Self {
+        Self(enabled)
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_status(&mut self, enabled: bool) {
+        self.0 = enabled;
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn enabled(self) -> bool {
+        self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<JitStatus> for bool {
+    fn from(val: JitStatus) -> Self {
+        val.enabled()
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<bool> for JitStatus {
+    fn from(val: bool) -> Self {
+        Self::new(val)
+    }
+}

crates/lune-utils/src/lib.rs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ mod table_builder;
 mod version_string;
 
 pub mod fmt;
+pub mod jit;
 pub mod path;
 
 pub use self::table_builder::TableBuilder;

crates/lune-utils/src/version_string.rs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use mlua::prelude::*;
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
+use semver::Version;
 
 static LUAU_VERSION: Lazy<Arc<String>> = Lazy::new(create_luau_version_string);
 
@@ -20,12 +21,10 @@ pub fn get_version_string(lune_version: impl AsRef<str>) -> String {
     let lune_version = lune_version.as_ref();
 
     assert!(!lune_version.is_empty(), "Lune version string is empty");
-    assert!(
-        lune_version.chars().all(is_valid_version_char),
-        "Lune version string contains invalid characters"
-    );
-
-    format!("Lune {lune_version}+{}", *LUAU_VERSION)
+    match Version::parse(lune_version) {
+        Ok(semver) => format!("Lune {semver}+{}", *LUAU_VERSION),
+        Err(e) => panic!("Lune version string is not valid semver: {e}"),
+    }
 }
 
 fn create_luau_version_string() -> Arc<String> {

crates/lune/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "lune"
-version = "0.8.4"
+version = "0.8.9"
 edition = "2021"
 license = "MPL-2.0"
 repository = "https://github.com/lune-org/lune"
@@ -50,8 +50,8 @@ cli = ["dep:clap", "dep:include_dir", "dep:rustyline", "dep:zip_next"]
 workspace = true
 
 [dependencies]
-mlua = { version = "0.9.7", features = ["luau"] }
-mlua-luau-scheduler = "0.0.2"
+mlua = { version = "0.9.9", features = ["luau"] }
+mlua-luau-scheduler = { version = "0.0.2", path = "../mlua-luau-scheduler" }
 
 anyhow = "1.0"
 console = "0.15"
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ dialoguer = "0.11"
 directories = "5.0"
 futures-util = "0.3"
 once_cell = "1.17"
+self_cell = "1.0"
 serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = "1.0"
 thiserror = "1.0"
@@ -70,9 +71,9 @@ reqwest = { version = "0.11", default-features = false, features = [
     "rustls-tls",
 ] }
 
-lune-std = { optional = true, version = "0.1.1", path = "../lune-std" }
-lune-roblox = { optional = true, version = "0.1.0", path = "../lune-roblox" }
-lune-utils = { version = "0.1.0", path = "../lune-utils" }
+lune-std = { optional = true, version = "0.1.5", path = "../lune-std" }
+lune-roblox = { optional = true, version = "0.1.4", path = "../lune-roblox" }
+lune-utils = { version = "0.1.3", path = "../lune-utils" }
 
 ### CLI
 

crates/lune/src/cli/run.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::process::ExitCode;
+use std::{env, process::ExitCode};
 
 use anyhow::{Context, Result};
 use clap::Parser;
@@ -40,17 +40,27 @@ impl RunCommand {
             (file_display_name, file_contents)
         };
 
-        // Create a new lune object with all globals & run the script
-        let result = Runtime::new()
+        // Create a new lune runtime with all globals & run the script
+        let mut rt = Runtime::new()
             .with_args(self.script_args)
+            // Enable JIT compilation unless it was requested to be disabled
+            .with_jit(
+                !matches!(
+                    env::var("LUNE_LUAU_JIT").ok(), 
+                    Some(jit_enabled) if jit_enabled == "0" || jit_enabled == "false" || jit_enabled == "off"
+                )
+             );
+
+        let result = rt
             .run(&script_display_name, strip_shebang(script_contents))
             .await;
+
         Ok(match result {
             Err(err) => {
                 eprintln!("{err}");
                 ExitCode::FAILURE
             }
-            Ok(code) => code,
+            Ok((code, _)) => ExitCode::from(code),
         })
     }
 }

crates/lune/src/cli/utils/files.rs

@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ pub fn discover_script_path(path: impl AsRef<str>, in_home_dir: bool) -> Result<
     // NOTE: We use metadata directly here to try to
     // avoid accessing the file path more than once
     let file_meta = file_path.metadata();
-    let is_file = file_meta.as_ref().map_or(false, Metadata::is_file);
-    let is_dir = file_meta.as_ref().map_or(false, Metadata::is_dir);
+    let is_file = file_meta.as_ref().is_ok_and(Metadata::is_file);
+    let is_dir = file_meta.as_ref().is_ok_and(Metadata::is_dir);
     let is_abs = file_path.is_absolute();
     let ext = file_path.extension();
     if is_file {

crates/lune/src/rt/runtime.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #![allow(clippy::missing_panics_doc)]
 
 use std::{
-    process::ExitCode,
     rc::Rc,
     sync::{
         atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering},
@@ -9,15 +8,100 @@ use std::{
     },
 };
 
-use mlua::Lua;
-use mlua_luau_scheduler::Scheduler;
+use lune_utils::jit::JitStatus;
+use mlua::prelude::*;
+use mlua_luau_scheduler::{Functions, Scheduler};
+use self_cell::self_cell;
 
 use super::{RuntimeError, RuntimeResult};
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
+// NOTE: We need to use self_cell to create a self-referential
+// struct storing both the Lua VM and the scheduler. The scheduler
+// needs to be created at the same time so that we can also create
+// and inject the scheduler functions which will be used across runs.
+self_cell! {
+    struct RuntimeInner {
+        owner: Rc<Lua>,
+        #[covariant]
+        dependent: Scheduler,
+    }
+}
+
+impl RuntimeInner {
+    fn create() -> LuaResult<Self> {
+        let lua = Rc::new(Lua::new());
+
+        lua.set_app_data(Rc::downgrade(&lua));
+        lua.set_app_data(Vec::<String>::new());
+
+        Self::try_new(lua, |lua| {
+            let sched = Scheduler::new(lua);
+            let fns = Functions::new(lua)?;
+
+            // Overwrite some globals that are not compatible with our scheduler
+            let co = lua.globals().get::<_, LuaTable>("coroutine")?;
+            co.set("resume", fns.resume.clone())?;
+            co.set("wrap", fns.wrap.clone())?;
+
+            // Inject all the globals that are enabled
+            #[cfg(any(
+                feature = "std-datetime",
+                feature = "std-fs",
+                feature = "std-luau",
+                feature = "std-net",
+                feature = "std-process",
+                feature = "std-regex",
+                feature = "std-roblox",
+                feature = "std-serde",
+                feature = "std-stdio",
+                feature = "std-task",
+            ))]
+            {
+                lune_std::set_global_version(lua, env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION"));
+                lune_std::inject_globals(lua)?;
+            }
+
+            // Sandbox the Luau VM and make it go zooooooooom
+            lua.sandbox(true)?;
+
+            // _G table needs to be injected again after sandboxing,
+            // otherwise it will be read-only and completely unusable
+            #[cfg(any(
+                feature = "std-datetime",
+                feature = "std-fs",
+                feature = "std-luau",
+                feature = "std-net",
+                feature = "std-process",
+                feature = "std-regex",
+                feature = "std-roblox",
+                feature = "std-serde",
+                feature = "std-stdio",
+                feature = "std-task",
+            ))]
+            {
+                let g_table = lune_std::LuneStandardGlobal::GTable;
+                lua.globals().set(g_table.name(), g_table.create(lua)?)?;
+            }
+
+            Ok(sched)
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn lua(&self) -> &Lua {
+        self.borrow_owner()
+    }
+
+    fn scheduler(&self) -> &Scheduler {
+        self.borrow_dependent()
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+    A Lune runtime.
+*/
 pub struct Runtime {
-    lua: Rc<Lua>,
-    args: Vec<String>,
+    inner: RuntimeInner,
+    jit_status: JitStatus,
 }
 
 impl Runtime {
@@ -29,30 +113,9 @@ impl Runtime {
     #[must_use]
     #[allow(clippy::new_without_default)]
     pub fn new() -> Self {
-        let lua = Rc::new(Lua::new());
-
-        lua.set_app_data(Rc::downgrade(&lua));
-        lua.set_app_data(Vec::<String>::new());
-
-        #[cfg(any(
-            feature = "std-datetime",
-            feature = "std-fs",
-            feature = "std-luau",
-            feature = "std-net",
-            feature = "std-process",
-            feature = "std-regex",
-            feature = "std-roblox",
-            feature = "std-serde",
-            feature = "std-stdio",
-            feature = "std-task",
-        ))]
-        {
-            lune_std::inject_globals(&lua).expect("Failed to inject globals");
-        }
-
         Self {
-            lua,
-            args: Vec::new(),
+            inner: RuntimeInner::create().expect("Failed to create runtime"),
+            jit_status: JitStatus::default(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -60,12 +123,22 @@ impl Runtime {
         Sets arguments to give in `process.args` for Lune scripts.
     */
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn with_args<V>(mut self, args: V) -> Self
+    pub fn with_args<A, S>(self, args: A) -> Self
     where
-        V: Into<Vec<String>>,
+        A: IntoIterator<Item = S>,
+        S: Into<String>,
     {
-        self.args = args.into();
-        self.lua.set_app_data(self.args.clone());
+        let args = args.into_iter().map(Into::into).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        self.inner.lua().set_app_data(args);
+        self
+    }
+
+    /**
+        Enables or disables JIT compilation.
+    */
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn with_jit(mut self, jit_status: impl Into<JitStatus>) -> Self {
+        self.jit_status = jit_status.into();
         self
     }
 
@@ -82,35 +155,41 @@ impl Runtime {
         &mut self,
         script_name: impl AsRef<str>,
         script_contents: impl AsRef<[u8]>,
-    ) -> RuntimeResult<ExitCode> {
-        // Create a new scheduler for this run
-        let sched = Scheduler::new(&self.lua);
+    ) -> RuntimeResult<(u8, Vec<LuaValue>)> {
+        let lua = self.inner.lua();
+        let sched = self.inner.scheduler();
 
         // Add error callback to format errors nicely + store status
         let got_any_error = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
         let got_any_inner = Arc::clone(&got_any_error);
-        sched.set_error_callback(move |e| {
+        self.inner.scheduler().set_error_callback(move |e| {
             got_any_inner.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst);
             eprintln!("{}", RuntimeError::from(e));
         });
 
+        // Enable / disable the JIT as requested and store the current status as AppData
+        lua.set_app_data(self.jit_status);
+        lua.enable_jit(self.jit_status.enabled());
+
         // Load our "main" thread
-        let main = self
-            .lua
+        let main = lua
             .load(script_contents.as_ref())
             .set_name(script_name.as_ref());
 
         // Run it on our scheduler until it and any other spawned threads complete
-        sched.push_thread_back(main, ())?;
+        let main_thread_id = sched.push_thread_back(main, ())?;
         sched.run().await;
 
-        // Return the exit code - default to FAILURE if we got any errors
-        Ok(sched.get_exit_code().unwrap_or({
-            if got_any_error.load(Ordering::SeqCst) {
-                ExitCode::FAILURE
-            } else {
-                ExitCode::SUCCESS
-            }
-        }))
+        let main_thread_res = match sched.get_thread_result(main_thread_id) {
+            Some(res) => res,
+            None => LuaValue::Nil.into_lua_multi(lua),
+        }?;
+
+        Ok((
+            sched
+                .get_exit_code()
+                .unwrap_or(u8::from(got_any_error.load(Ordering::SeqCst))),
+            main_thread_res.into_vec(),
+        ))
     }
 }

crates/lune/src/standalone/mod.rs

@@ -29,16 +29,15 @@ pub async fn run(patched_bin: impl AsRef<[u8]>) -> Result<ExitCode> {
     let args = env::args().skip(1).collect::<Vec<_>>();
     let meta = Metadata::from_bytes(patched_bin).expect("must be a standalone binary");
 
-    let result = Runtime::new()
-        .with_args(args)
-        .run("STANDALONE", meta.bytecode)
-        .await;
+    let mut rt = Runtime::new().with_args(args);
+
+    let result = rt.run("STANDALONE", meta.bytecode).await;
 
     Ok(match result {
         Err(err) => {
             eprintln!("{err}");
             ExitCode::FAILURE
         }
-        Ok(code) => code,
+        Ok((code, _)) => ExitCode::from(code),
     })
 }

crates/lune/src/tests.rs

@@ -31,19 +31,21 @@ macro_rules! create_tests {
             // The rest of the test logic can continue as normal
             let full_name = format!("{}/tests/{}.luau", workspace_dir.display(), $value);
             let script = read_to_string(&full_name).await?;
-            let mut lune = Runtime::new().with_args(
-                ARGS
-                    .clone()
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(ToString::to_string)
-                    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
-            );
+            let mut lune = Runtime::new()
+                .with_jit(true)
+                .with_args(
+                    ARGS
+                        .clone()
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(ToString::to_string)
+                        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                );
             let script_name = full_name
 				.trim_end_matches(".luau")
 				.trim_end_matches(".lua")
 				.to_string();
-            let exit_code = lune.run(&script_name, &script).await?;
-            Ok(exit_code)
+            let (exit_code, _) = lune.run(&script_name, &script).await?;
+            Ok(ExitCode::from(exit_code))
         }
     )* }
 }
@@ -113,6 +115,7 @@ create_tests! {
     luau_compile: "luau/compile",
     luau_load: "luau/load",
     luau_options: "luau/options",
+    luau_safeenv: "luau/safeenv",
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "std-net")]
@@ -137,12 +140,16 @@ create_tests! {
     process_cwd: "process/cwd",
     process_env: "process/env",
     process_exit: "process/exit",
-    process_spawn_async: "process/spawn/async",
-    process_spawn_basic: "process/spawn/basic",
-    process_spawn_cwd: "process/spawn/cwd",
-    process_spawn_shell: "process/spawn/shell",
-    process_spawn_stdin: "process/spawn/stdin",
-    process_spawn_stdio: "process/spawn/stdio",
+    process_exec_async: "process/exec/async",
+    process_exec_basic: "process/exec/basic",
+    process_exec_cwd: "process/exec/cwd",
+    process_exec_no_panic: "process/exec/no_panic",
+    process_exec_shell: "process/exec/shell",
+    process_exec_stdin: "process/exec/stdin",
+    process_exec_stdio: "process/exec/stdio",
+    process_spawn_non_blocking: "process/create/non_blocking",
+    process_spawn_status: "process/create/status",
+    process_spawn_stream: "process/create/stream",
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "std-regex")]
@@ -229,6 +236,8 @@ create_tests! {
     serde_json_encode: "serde/json/encode",
     serde_toml_decode: "serde/toml/decode",
     serde_toml_encode: "serde/toml/encode",
+    serde_hashing_hash: "serde/hashing/hash",
+    serde_hashing_hmac: "serde/hashing/hmac",
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "std-stdio")]

crates/mlua-luau-scheduler/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+[package]
+name = "mlua-luau-scheduler"
+version = "0.0.2"
+edition = "2021"
+license = "MPL-2.0"
+repository = "https://github.com/lune-org/lune"
+description = "Luau-based async scheduler, using mlua and async-executor"
+readme = "README.md"
+keywords = ["async", "luau", "scheduler"]
+categories = ["async"]
+
+[lib]
+path = "src/lib.rs"
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
+[dependencies]
+async-executor = "1.8"
+blocking = "1.5"
+concurrent-queue = "2.4"
+derive_more = "0.99"
+event-listener = "4.0"
+futures-lite = "2.2"
+rustc-hash = "1.1"
+tracing = "0.1"
+
+mlua = { version = "0.9.9", features = [
+    "luau",
+    "luau-jit",
+    "async",
+    "serialize",
+] }
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+async-fs = "2.1"
+async-io = "2.3"
+tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter"] }
+tracing-tracy = "0.11"
+
+[[example]]
+name = "basic_sleep"
+test = true
+
+[[example]]
+name = "basic_spawn"
+test = true
+
+[[example]]
+name = "callbacks"
+test = true
+
+[[example]]
+name = "exit_code"
+test = true
+
+[[example]]
+name = "lots_of_threads"
+test = true
+
+[[example]]
+name = "scheduler_ordering"
+test = true
+
+[[example]]
+name = "tracy"
+test = false

crates/mlua-luau-scheduler/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+<!-- markdownlint-disable MD033 -->
+<!-- markdownlint-disable MD041 -->
+
+# `mlua-luau-scheduler`
+
+An async scheduler for Luau, using [`mlua`][mlua] and built on top of [`async-executor`][async-executor].
+
+This crate is runtime-agnostic and is compatible with any async runtime, including [Tokio][tokio], [smol][smol], [async-std][async-std], and others. </br>
+However, since many dependencies are shared with [smol][smol], depending on it over other runtimes may be preferred.
+
+[async-executor]: https://crates.io/crates/async-executor
+[async-std]: https://async.rs
+[mlua]: https://crates.io/crates/mlua
+[smol]: https://github.com/smol-rs/smol
+[tokio]: https://tokio.rs
+
+## Example Usage
+
+### 1. Import dependencies
+
+```rs
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+use std::io::ErrorKind;
+
+use async_io::{block_on, Timer};
+use async_fs::read_to_string;
+
+use mlua::prelude::*;
+use mlua_luau_scheduler::*;
+```
+
+### 2. Set up Lua environment
+
+```rs
+let lua = Lua::new();
+
+lua.globals().set(
+    "sleep",
+    lua.create_async_function(|_, duration: f64| async move {
+        let before = Instant::now();
+        let after = Timer::after(Duration::from_secs_f64(duration)).await;
+        Ok((after - before).as_secs_f64())
+    })?,
+)?;
+
+lua.globals().set(
+    "readFile",
+    lua.create_async_function(|lua, path: String| async move {
+        // Spawn background task that does not take up resources on the lua thread
+        // Normally, futures in mlua can not be shared across threads, but this can
+        let task = lua.spawn(async move {
+            match read_to_string(path).await {
+                Ok(s) => Ok(Some(s)),
+                Err(e) if e.kind() == ErrorKind::NotFound => Ok(None),
+                Err(e) => Err(e),
+            }
+        });
+        task.await.into_lua_err()
+    })?,
+)?;
+```
+
+### 3. Set up scheduler, run threads
+
+```rs
+let sched = Scheduler::new(&lua)?;
+
+// We can create multiple lua threads ...
+let sleepThread = lua.load("sleep(0.1)");
+let fileThread = lua.load("readFile(\"Cargo.toml\")");
+
+// ... spawn them both onto the scheduler ...
+sched.push_thread_front(sleepThread, ());
+sched.push_thread_front(fileThread, ());
+
+// ... and run until they finish
+block_on(sched.run());
+```

crates/mlua-luau-scheduler/examples/basic_sleep.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#![allow(clippy::missing_errors_doc)]
+#![allow(clippy::cargo_common_metadata)]
+
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+
+use async_io::{block_on, Timer};
+
+use mlua::prelude::*;
+use mlua_luau_scheduler::Scheduler;
+
+const MAIN_SCRIPT: &str = include_str!("./lua/basic_sleep.luau");
+
+pub fn main() -> LuaResult<()> {
+    tracing_subscriber::fmt()
+        .with_env_filter(tracing_subscriber::EnvFilter::from_default_env())
+        .with_target(false)
+        .without_time()
+        .init();
+
+    // Set up persistent Lua environment
+    let lua = Lua::new();
+    lua.globals().set(
+        "sleep",
+        lua.create_async_function(|_, duration: f64| async move {
+            let before = Instant::now();
+            let after = Timer::after(Duration::from_secs_f64(duration)).await;
+            Ok((after - before).as_secs_f64())
+        })?,
+    )?;
+
+    // Load the main script into a scheduler
+    let sched = Scheduler::new(&lua);
+    let main = lua.load(MAIN_SCRIPT);
+    sched.push_thread_front(main, ())?;
+
+    // Run until completion
+    block_on(sched.run());
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_basic_sleep() -> LuaResult<()> {
+    main()
+}

crates/mlua-luau-scheduler/examples/basic_spawn.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#![allow(clippy::missing_errors_doc)]
+#![allow(clippy::cargo_common_metadata)]
+
+use std::io::ErrorKind;
+
+use async_fs::read_to_string;
+use async_io::block_on;
+
+use mlua::prelude::*;
+use mlua_luau_scheduler::{LuaSpawnExt, Scheduler};
+
+const MAIN_SCRIPT: &str = include_str!("./lua/basic_spawn.luau");
+
+pub fn main() -> LuaResult<()> {
+    tracing_subscriber::fmt()
+        .with_env_filter(tracing_subscriber::EnvFilter::from_default_env())
+        .with_target(false)
+        .without_time()
+        .init();
+
+    // Set up persistent Lua environment
+    let lua = Lua::new();
+    lua.globals().set(
+        "readFile",
+        lua.create_async_function(|lua, path: String| async move {
+            // Spawn background task that does not take up resources on the Lua thread
+            let task = lua.spawn(async move {
+                match read_to_string(path).await {
+                    Ok(s) => Ok(Some(s)),
+                    Err(e) if e.kind() == ErrorKind::NotFound => Ok(None),
+                    Err(e) => Err(e),
+                }
+            });
+
+            // Wait for it to complete
+            let result = task.await.into_lua_err();
+
+            // We can also spawn local tasks that do take up resources
+            // on the Lua thread, but that do not have the Send bound
+            if result.is_ok() {
+                lua.spawn_local(async move {
+                    println!("File read successfully!");
+                });
+            }
+
+            result
+        })?,
+    )?;
+
+    // Load the main script into a scheduler
+    let sched = Scheduler::new(&lua);
+    let main = lua.load(MAIN_SCRIPT);
+    sched.push_thread_front(main, ())?;
+
+    // Run until completion
+    block_on(sched.run());
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_basic_spawn() -> LuaResult<()> {
+    main()
+}

crates/mlua-luau-scheduler/examples/callbacks.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#![allow(clippy::missing_errors_doc)]
+#![allow(clippy::missing_panics_doc)]
+#![allow(clippy::cargo_common_metadata)]
+
+use mlua::prelude::*;
+use mlua_luau_scheduler::Scheduler;
+
+use async_io::block_on;
+
+const MAIN_SCRIPT: &str = include_str!("./lua/callbacks.luau");
+
+pub fn main() -> LuaResult<()> {
+    tracing_subscriber::fmt()
+        .with_env_filter(tracing_subscriber::EnvFilter::from_default_env())
+        .with_target(false)
+        .without_time()
+        .init();
+
+    // Set up persistent Lua environment
+    let lua = Lua::new();
+
+    // Create a new scheduler with custom callbacks
+    let sched = Scheduler::new(&lua);
+    sched.set_error_callback(|e| {
+        println!(
+            "Captured error from Lua!\n{}\n{e}\n{}",
+            "-".repeat(15),
+            "-".repeat(15)
+        );
+    });
+
+    // Load the main script into the scheduler, and keep track of the thread we spawn
+    let main = lua.load(MAIN_SCRIPT);
+    let id = sched.push_thread_front(main, ())?;
+
+    // Run until completion
+    block_on(sched.run());
+
+    // We should have gotten the error back from our script
+    assert!(sched.get_thread_result(id).unwrap().is_err());
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_callbacks() -> LuaResult<()> {
+    main()
+}

crates/mlua-luau-scheduler/examples/exit_code.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#![allow(clippy::missing_errors_doc)]
+#![allow(clippy::missing_panics_doc)]
+#![allow(clippy::cargo_common_metadata)]
+
+use async_io::block_on;
+
+use mlua::prelude::*;
+use mlua_luau_scheduler::{Functions, Scheduler};
+
+const MAIN_SCRIPT: &str = include_str!("./lua/exit_code.luau");
+
+pub fn main() -> LuaResult<()> {
+    tracing_subscriber::fmt()
+        .with_env_filter(tracing_subscriber::EnvFilter::from_default_env())
+        .with_target(false)
+        .without_time()
+        .init();
+
+    // Set up persistent Lua environment
+    let lua = Lua::new();
+    let sched = Scheduler::new(&lua);
+    let fns = Functions::new(&lua)?;
+
+    lua.globals().set("exit", fns.exit)?;
+
+    // Load the main script into the scheduler
+    let main = lua.load(MAIN_SCRIPT);
+    sched.push_thread_front(main, ())?;
+
+    // Run until completion
+    block_on(sched.run());
+
+    // Verify that we got a correct exit code
+    let code = sched.get_exit_code().unwrap_or_default();
+    assert_eq!(code, 1);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_exit_code() -> LuaResult<()> {
+    main()
+}

crates/mlua-luau-scheduler/examples/lots_of_threads.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#![allow(clippy::missing_errors_doc)]
+#![allow(clippy::cargo_common_metadata)]
+
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use async_io::{block_on, Timer};
+
+use mlua::prelude::*;
+use mlua_luau_scheduler::{Functions, Scheduler};
+
+const MAIN_SCRIPT: &str = include_str!("./lua/lots_of_threads.luau");
+
+const ONE_NANOSECOND: Duration = Duration::from_nanos(1);
+
+pub fn main() -> LuaResult<()> {
+    tracing_subscriber::fmt()
+        .with_env_filter(tracing_subscriber::EnvFilter::from_default_env())
+        .with_target(false)
+        .without_time()
+        .init();
+
+    // Set up persistent Lua environment
+    let lua = Lua::new();
+    let sched = Scheduler::new(&lua);
+    let fns = Functions::new(&lua)?;
+
+    lua.globals().set("spawn", fns.spawn)?;
+    lua.globals().set(
+        "sleep",
+        lua.create_async_function(|_, ()| async move {
+            // Obviously we can't sleep for a single nanosecond since
+            // this uses OS scheduling under the hood, but we can try
+            Timer::after(ONE_NANOSECOND).await;
+            Ok(())
+        })?,
+    )?;
+
+    // Load the main script into the scheduler
+    let main = lua.load(MAIN_SCRIPT);
+    sched.push_thread_front(main, ())?;
+
+    // Run until completion
+    block_on(sched.run());
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_lots_of_threads() -> LuaResult<()> {
+    main()
+}

crates/mlua-luau-scheduler/examples/lua/basic_sleep.luau

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+--!nocheck
+--!nolint UnknownGlobal
+
+print("Sleeping for 3 seconds...")
+
+sleep(1)
+print("1 second passed")
+
+sleep(1)
+print("2 seconds passed")
+
+sleep(1)
+print("3 seconds passed")

crates/mlua-luau-scheduler/examples/lua/basic_spawn.luau

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+--!nocheck
+--!nolint UnknownGlobal
+
+local _, err = pcall(function()
+	local file = readFile("Cargo.toml")
+	if file ~= nil then
+		print("Cargo.toml found!")
+		print("Contents:")
+		print(file)
+	else
+		print("Cargo.toml not found!")
+	end
+end)
+
+if err ~= nil then
+	print("Error while reading file: " .. err)
+end

crates/mlua-luau-scheduler/examples/lua/callbacks.luau

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+--!nocheck
+--!nolint UnknownGlobal
+
+error("Oh no! Something went very very wrong!")

crates/mlua-luau-scheduler/examples/lua/exit_code.luau

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+--!nocheck
+--!nolint UnknownGlobal
+
+print("Setting exit code manually")
+
+exit(1)
+
+error("unreachable")

crates/mlua-luau-scheduler/examples/lua/lots_of_threads.luau

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+--!nocheck
+--!nolint UnknownGlobal
+
+local NUM_BATCHES = 10
+local NUM_THREADS = 100_000
+
+print(`Spawning {NUM_BATCHES * NUM_THREADS} threads split into {NUM_BATCHES} batches\n`)
+
+local before = os.clock()
+for i = 1, NUM_BATCHES do
+	print(`Batch {i} of {NUM_BATCHES}`)
+	local thread = coroutine.running()
+
+	local counter = 0
+	for j = 1, NUM_THREADS do
+		spawn(function()
+			sleep(0.1)
+			counter += 1
+			if counter == NUM_THREADS then
+				spawn(thread)
+			end
+		end)
+	end
+
+	coroutine.yield()
+end
+local after = os.clock()
+
+print(`\nSpawned {NUM_BATCHES * NUM_THREADS} sleeping threads in {after - before}s`)

crates/mlua-luau-scheduler/examples/lua/scheduler_ordering.luau

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+--!nocheck
+--!nolint UnknownGlobal
+
+local nums = {}
+local function insert(n: number)
+	table.insert(nums, n)
+	print(n)
+end
+
+insert(1)
+
+-- Defer will run at the end of the resumption cycle, but without yielding
+defer(function()
+	insert(5)
+end)
+
+-- Spawn will instantly run up until the first yield, and must then be resumed manually ...
+spawn(function()
+	insert(2)
+	coroutine.yield()
+	error("unreachable code")
+end)
+
+-- ... unless calling functions created using `lua.create_async_function(...)`,
+-- which will resume their calling thread with their result automatically
+spawn(function()
+	insert(3)
+	sleep(1)
+	insert(6)
+end)
+
+insert(4)
+
+return nums

crates/mlua-luau-scheduler/examples/scheduler_ordering.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#![allow(clippy::missing_errors_doc)]
+#![allow(clippy::missing_panics_doc)]
+#![allow(clippy::cargo_common_metadata)]
+
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+
+use async_io::{block_on, Timer};
+
+use mlua::prelude::*;
+use mlua_luau_scheduler::{Functions, Scheduler};
+
+const MAIN_SCRIPT: &str = include_str!("./lua/scheduler_ordering.luau");
+
+pub fn main() -> LuaResult<()> {
+    tracing_subscriber::fmt()
+        .with_env_filter(tracing_subscriber::EnvFilter::from_default_env())
+        .with_target(false)
+        .without_time()
+        .init();
+
+    // Set up persistent Lua environment
+    let lua = Lua::new();
+    let sched = Scheduler::new(&lua);
+    let fns = Functions::new(&lua)?;
+
+    lua.globals().set("spawn", fns.spawn)?;
+    lua.globals().set("defer", fns.defer)?;
+    lua.globals().set(
+        "sleep",
+        lua.create_async_function(|_, duration: Option<f64>| async move {
+            let duration = duration.unwrap_or_default().max(1.0 / 250.0);
+            let before = Instant::now();
+            let after = Timer::after(Duration::from_secs_f64(duration)).await;
+            Ok((after - before).as_secs_f64())
+        })?,
+    )?;
+
+    // Load the main script into the scheduler, and keep track of the thread we spawn
+    let main = lua.load(MAIN_SCRIPT);
+    let id = sched.push_thread_front(main, ())?;
+
+    // Run until completion
+    block_on(sched.run());
+
+    // We should have gotten proper values back from our script
+    let res = sched.get_thread_result(id).unwrap().unwrap();
+    let nums = Vec::<usize>::from_lua_multi(res, &lua)?;
+    assert_eq!(nums, vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_scheduler_ordering() -> LuaResult<()> {
+    main()
+}

crates/mlua-luau-scheduler/examples/tracy.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*
+    NOTE: This example is the same as "lots_of_threads", but with tracy set up for performance profiling.
+
+    How to run:
+
+    1. Install tracy
+       - Follow the instructions at https://github.com/wolfpld/tracy
+       - Or install via something like homebrew: `brew install tracy`
+    2. Run the server (`tracy`) in a terminal
+    3. Run the example in another terminal
+       - `export RUST_LOG=trace`
+       - `cargo run --example tracy`
+*/
+
+#![allow(clippy::missing_errors_doc)]
+#![allow(clippy::cargo_common_metadata)]
+
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use async_io::{block_on, Timer};
+use tracing_subscriber::layer::SubscriberExt;
+use tracing_tracy::{client::Client as TracyClient, TracyLayer};
+
+use mlua::prelude::*;
+use mlua_luau_scheduler::{Functions, Scheduler};
+
+const MAIN_SCRIPT: &str = include_str!("./lua/lots_of_threads.luau");
+
+const ONE_NANOSECOND: Duration = Duration::from_nanos(1);
+
+pub fn main() -> LuaResult<()> {
+    let _client = TracyClient::start();
+    let _ = tracing::subscriber::set_global_default(
+        tracing_subscriber::registry().with(TracyLayer::default()),
+    );
+
+    // Set up persistent Lua environment
+    let lua = Lua::new();
+    let sched = Scheduler::new(&lua);
+    let fns = Functions::new(&lua)?;
+
+    lua.globals().set("spawn", fns.spawn)?;
+    lua.globals().set(
+        "sleep",
+        lua.create_async_function(|_, ()| async move {
+            // Obviously we can't sleep for a single nanosecond since
+            // this uses OS scheduling under the hood, but we can try
+            Timer::after(ONE_NANOSECOND).await;
+            Ok(())
+        })?,
+    )?;
+
+    // Load the main script into the scheduler
+    let main = lua.load(MAIN_SCRIPT);
+    sched.push_thread_front(main, ())?;
+
+    // Run until completion
+    block_on(sched.run());
+
+    Ok(())
+}

crates/mlua-luau-scheduler/src/error_callback.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+use std::{cell::RefCell, rc::Rc};
+
+use mlua::prelude::*;
+
+type ErrorCallback = Box<dyn Fn(LuaError) + Send + 'static>;
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub(crate) struct ThreadErrorCallback {
+    inner: Rc<RefCell<Option<ErrorCallback>>>,
+}
+
+impl ThreadErrorCallback {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            inner: Rc::new(RefCell::new(None)),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn replace(&self, callback: impl Fn(LuaError) + Send + 'static) {
+        self.inner.borrow_mut().replace(Box::new(callback));
+    }
+
+    pub fn clear(&self) {
+        self.inner.borrow_mut().take();
+    }
+
+    pub fn call(&self, error: &LuaError) {
+        if let Some(cb) = &*self.inner.borrow() {
+            cb(error.clone());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
+fn default_error_callback(e: LuaError) {
+    eprintln!("{e}");
+}
+
+impl Default for ThreadErrorCallback {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        let this = Self::new();
+        this.replace(default_error_callback);
+        this
+    }
+}

crates/mlua-luau-scheduler/src/exit.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+use std::{cell::Cell, rc::Rc};
+
+use event_listener::Event;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub(crate) struct Exit {
+    code: Rc<Cell<Option<u8>>>,
+    event: Rc<Event>,
+}
+
+impl Exit {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            code: Rc::new(Cell::new(None)),
+            event: Rc::new(Event::new()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set(&self, code: u8) {
+        self.code.set(Some(code));
+        self.event.notify(usize::MAX);
+    }
+
+    pub fn get(&self) -> Option<u8> {
+        self.code.get()
+    }
+
+    pub async fn listen(&self) {
+        self.event.listen().await;
+    }
+}

crates/mlua-luau-scheduler/src/functions.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+#![allow(clippy::too_many_lines)]
+
+use mlua::prelude::*;
+
+use crate::{
+    error_callback::ThreadErrorCallback,
+    queue::{DeferredThreadQueue, SpawnedThreadQueue},
+    result_map::ThreadResultMap,
+    thread_id::ThreadId,
+    traits::LuaSchedulerExt,
+    util::{is_poll_pending, LuaThreadOrFunction, ThreadResult},
+};
+
+const ERR_METADATA_NOT_ATTACHED: &str = "\
+Lua state does not have scheduler metadata attached!\
+\nThis is most likely caused by creating functions outside of a scheduler.\
+\nScheduler functions must always be created from within an active scheduler.\
+";
+
+const EXIT_IMPL_LUA: &str = r"
+exit(...)
+yield()
+";
+
+const WRAP_IMPL_LUA: &str = r"
+local t = create(...)
+return function(...)
+    local r = { resume(t, ...) }
+    if r[1] then
+        return select(2, unpack(r))
+    else
+        error(r[2], 2)
+    end
+end
+";
+
+/**
+    A collection of lua functions that may be called to interact with a [`Scheduler`].
+
+    Note that these may all be implemented using [`LuaSchedulerExt`], however, this struct
+    is implemented using internal (non-public) APIs, and generally has better performance.
+*/
+pub struct Functions<'lua> {
+    /**
+        Implementation of `coroutine.resume` that handles async polling properly.
+
+        Defers onto the scheduler queue if the thread calls an async function.
+    */
+    pub resume: LuaFunction<'lua>,
+    /**
+        Implementation of `coroutine.wrap` that handles async polling properly.
+
+        Defers onto the scheduler queue if the thread calls an async function.
+    */
+    pub wrap: LuaFunction<'lua>,
+    /**
+        Resumes a function / thread once instantly, and runs until first yield.
+
+        Spawns onto the scheduler queue if not completed.
+    */
+    pub spawn: LuaFunction<'lua>,
+    /**
+        Defers a function / thread onto the scheduler queue.
+
+        Does not resume instantly, only adds to the queue.
+    */
+    pub defer: LuaFunction<'lua>,
+    /**
+        Cancels a function / thread, removing it from the queue.
+    */
+    pub cancel: LuaFunction<'lua>,
+    /**
+        Exits the scheduler, stopping all other threads and closing the scheduler.
+
+        Yields the calling thread to ensure that it does not continue.
+    */
+    pub exit: LuaFunction<'lua>,
+}
+
+impl<'lua> Functions<'lua> {
+    /**
+        Creates a new collection of Lua functions that may be called to interact with a [`Scheduler`].
+
+        # Errors
+
+        Errors when out of memory, or if default Lua globals are missing.
+
+        # Panics
+
+        Panics when the given [`Lua`] instance does not have an attached [`Scheduler`].
+    */
+    pub fn new(lua: &'lua Lua) -> LuaResult<Self> {
+        let spawn_queue = lua
+            .app_data_ref::<SpawnedThreadQueue>()
+            .expect(ERR_METADATA_NOT_ATTACHED)
+            .clone();
+        let defer_queue = lua
+            .app_data_ref::<DeferredThreadQueue>()
+            .expect(ERR_METADATA_NOT_ATTACHED)
+            .clone();
+        let error_callback = lua
+            .app_data_ref::<ThreadErrorCallback>()
+            .expect(ERR_METADATA_NOT_ATTACHED)
+            .clone();
+        let result_map = lua
+            .app_data_ref::<ThreadResultMap>()
+            .expect(ERR_METADATA_NOT_ATTACHED)
+            .clone();
+
+        let resume_queue = defer_queue.clone();
+        let resume_map = result_map.clone();
+        let resume =
+            lua.create_function(move |lua, (thread, args): (LuaThread, LuaMultiValue)| {
+                let _span = tracing::trace_span!("Scheduler::fn_resume").entered();
+                match thread.resume::<_, LuaMultiValue>(args.clone()) {
+                    Ok(v) => {
+                        if v.get(0).is_some_and(is_poll_pending) {
+                            // Pending, defer to scheduler and return nil
+                            resume_queue.push_item(lua, &thread, args)?;
+                            (true, LuaValue::Nil).into_lua_multi(lua)
+                        } else {
+                            // Not pending, store the value if thread is done
+                            if thread.status() != LuaThreadStatus::Resumable {
+                                let id = ThreadId::from(&thread);
+                                if resume_map.is_tracked(id) {
+                                    let res = ThreadResult::new(Ok(v.clone()), lua);
+                                    resume_map.insert(id, res);
+                                }
+                            }
+                            (true, v).into_lua_multi(lua)
+                        }
+                    }
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        // Not pending, store the error
+                        let id = ThreadId::from(&thread);
+                        if resume_map.is_tracked(id) {
+                            let res = ThreadResult::new(Err(e.clone()), lua);
+                            resume_map.insert(id, res);
+                        }
+                        (false, e.to_string()).into_lua_multi(lua)
+                    }
+                }
+            })?;
+
+        let wrap_env = lua.create_table_from(vec![
+            ("resume", resume.clone()),
+            ("error", lua.globals().get::<_, LuaFunction>("error")?),
+            ("select", lua.globals().get::<_, LuaFunction>("select")?),
+            ("unpack", lua.globals().get::<_, LuaFunction>("unpack")?),
+            (
+                "create",
+                lua.globals()
+                    .get::<_, LuaTable>("coroutine")?
+                    .get::<_, LuaFunction>("create")?,
+            ),
+        ])?;
+        let wrap = lua
+            .load(WRAP_IMPL_LUA)
+            .set_name("=__scheduler_wrap")
+            .set_environment(wrap_env)
+            .into_function()?;
+
+        let spawn_map = result_map.clone();
+        let spawn = lua.create_function(
+            move |lua, (tof, args): (LuaThreadOrFunction, LuaMultiValue)| {
+                let _span = tracing::trace_span!("Scheduler::fn_spawn").entered();
+                let thread = tof.into_thread(lua)?;
+                if thread.status() == LuaThreadStatus::Resumable {
+                    // NOTE: We need to resume the thread once instantly for correct behavior,
+                    // and only if we get the pending value back we can spawn to async executor
+                    match thread.resume::<_, LuaMultiValue>(args.clone()) {
+                        Ok(v) => {
+                            if v.get(0).is_some_and(is_poll_pending) {
+                                spawn_queue.push_item(lua, &thread, args)?;
+                            } else {
+                                // Not pending, store the value if thread is done
+                                if thread.status() != LuaThreadStatus::Resumable {
+                                    let id = ThreadId::from(&thread);
+                                    if spawn_map.is_tracked(id) {
+                                        let res = ThreadResult::new(Ok(v), lua);
+                                        spawn_map.insert(id, res);
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        Err(e) => {
+                            error_callback.call(&e);
+                            // Not pending, store the error
+                            let id = ThreadId::from(&thread);
+                            if spawn_map.is_tracked(id) {
+                                let res = ThreadResult::new(Err(e), lua);
+                                spawn_map.insert(id, res);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    };
+                }
+                Ok(thread)
+            },
+        )?;
+
+        let defer = lua.create_function(
+            move |lua, (tof, args): (LuaThreadOrFunction, LuaMultiValue)| {
+                let _span = tracing::trace_span!("Scheduler::fn_defer").entered();
+                let thread = tof.into_thread(lua)?;
+                if thread.status() == LuaThreadStatus::Resumable {
+                    defer_queue.push_item(lua, &thread, args)?;
+                }
+                Ok(thread)
+            },
+        )?;
+
+        let close = lua
+            .globals()
+            .get::<_, LuaTable>("coroutine")?
+            .get::<_, LuaFunction>("close")?;
+        let close_key = lua.create_registry_value(close)?;
+        let cancel = lua.create_function(move |lua, thread: LuaThread| {
+            let _span = tracing::trace_span!("Scheduler::fn_cancel").entered();
+            let close: LuaFunction = lua.registry_value(&close_key)?;
+            match close.call(thread) {
+                Err(LuaError::CoroutineInactive) | Ok(()) => Ok(()),
+                Err(e) => Err(e),
+            }
+        })?;
+
+        let exit_env = lua.create_table_from(vec![
+            (
+                "exit",
+                lua.create_function(|lua, code: Option<u8>| {
+                    let _span = tracing::trace_span!("Scheduler::fn_exit").entered();
+                    let code = code.unwrap_or_default();
+                    lua.set_exit_code(code);
+                    Ok(())
+                })?,
+            ),
+            (
+                "yield",
+                lua.globals()
+                    .get::<_, LuaTable>("coroutine")?
+                    .get::<_, LuaFunction>("yield")?,
+            ),
+        ])?;
+        let exit = lua
+            .load(EXIT_IMPL_LUA)
+            .set_name("=__scheduler_exit")
+            .set_environment(exit_env)
+            .into_function()?;
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            resume,
+            wrap,
+            spawn,
+            defer,
+            cancel,
+            exit,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl Functions<'_> {
+    /**
+        Injects [`Scheduler`]-compatible functions into the given [`Lua`] instance.
+
+        This will overwrite the following functions:
+
+        - `coroutine.resume`
+        - `coroutine.wrap`
+
+        # Errors
+
+        Errors when out of memory, or if default Lua globals are missing.
+    */
+    pub fn inject_compat(&self, lua: &Lua) -> LuaResult<()> {
+        let co: LuaTable = lua.globals().get("coroutine")?;
+        co.set("resume", self.resume.clone())?;
+        co.set("wrap", self.wrap.clone())?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}

crates/mlua-luau-scheduler/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#![allow(clippy::cargo_common_metadata)]
+
+mod error_callback;
+mod exit;
+mod functions;
+mod queue;
+mod result_map;
+mod scheduler;
+mod status;
+mod thread_id;
+mod traits;
+mod util;
+
+pub use functions::Functions;
+pub use scheduler::Scheduler;
+pub use status::Status;
+pub use thread_id::ThreadId;
+pub use traits::{IntoLuaThread, LuaSchedulerExt, LuaSpawnExt};

crates/mlua-luau-scheduler/src/queue.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+use std::{pin::Pin, rc::Rc};
+
+use concurrent_queue::ConcurrentQueue;
+use derive_more::{Deref, DerefMut};
+use event_listener::Event;
+use futures_lite::{Future, FutureExt};
+use mlua::prelude::*;
+
+use crate::{traits::IntoLuaThread, util::ThreadWithArgs, ThreadId};
+
+/**
+    Queue for storing [`LuaThread`]s with associated arguments.
+
+    Provides methods for pushing and draining the queue, as
+    well as listening for new items being pushed to the queue.
+*/
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub(crate) struct ThreadQueue {
+    queue: Rc<ConcurrentQueue<ThreadWithArgs>>,
+    event: Rc<Event>,
+}
+
+impl ThreadQueue {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        let queue = Rc::new(ConcurrentQueue::unbounded());
+        let event = Rc::new(Event::new());
+        Self { queue, event }
+    }
+
+    pub fn push_item<'lua>(
+        &self,
+        lua: &'lua Lua,
+        thread: impl IntoLuaThread<'lua>,
+        args: impl IntoLuaMulti<'lua>,
+    ) -> LuaResult<ThreadId> {
+        let thread = thread.into_lua_thread(lua)?;
+        let args = args.into_lua_multi(lua)?;
+
+        tracing::trace!("pushing item to queue with {} args", args.len());
+        let id = ThreadId::from(&thread);
+        let stored = ThreadWithArgs::new(lua, thread, args)?;
+
+        self.queue.push(stored).into_lua_err()?;
+        self.event.notify(usize::MAX);
+
+        Ok(id)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn drain_items<'outer, 'lua>(
+        &'outer self,
+        lua: &'lua Lua,
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = (LuaThread<'lua>, LuaMultiValue<'lua>)> + 'outer
+    where
+        'lua: 'outer,
+    {
+        self.queue.try_iter().map(|stored| stored.into_inner(lua))
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub async fn wait_for_item(&self) {
+        if self.queue.is_empty() {
+            let listener = self.event.listen();
+            // NOTE: Need to check again, we could have gotten
+            // new queued items while creating our listener
+            if self.queue.is_empty() {
+                listener.await;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.queue.is_empty()
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+    Alias for [`ThreadQueue`], providing a newtype to store in Lua app data.
+*/
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deref, DerefMut)]
+pub(crate) struct SpawnedThreadQueue(ThreadQueue);
+
+impl SpawnedThreadQueue {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self(ThreadQueue::new())
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+    Alias for [`ThreadQueue`], providing a newtype to store in Lua app data.
+*/
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deref, DerefMut)]
+pub(crate) struct DeferredThreadQueue(ThreadQueue);
+
+impl DeferredThreadQueue {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self(ThreadQueue::new())
+    }
+}
+
+pub type LocalBoxFuture<'fut> = Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()> + 'fut>>;
+
+/**
+    Queue for storing local futures.
+
+    Provides methods for pushing and draining the queue, as
+    well as listening for new items being pushed to the queue.
+*/
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub(crate) struct FuturesQueue<'fut> {
+    queue: Rc<ConcurrentQueue<LocalBoxFuture<'fut>>>,
+    event: Rc<Event>,
+}
+
+impl<'fut> FuturesQueue<'fut> {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        let queue = Rc::new(ConcurrentQueue::unbounded());
+        let event = Rc::new(Event::new());
+        Self { queue, event }
+    }
+
+    pub fn push_item(&self, fut: impl Future<Output = ()> + 'fut) {
+        let _ = self.queue.push(fut.boxed_local());
+        self.event.notify(usize::MAX);
+    }
+
+    pub fn drain_items<'outer>(
+        &'outer self,
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = LocalBoxFuture<'fut>> + 'outer {
+        self.queue.try_iter()
+    }
+
+    pub async fn wait_for_item(&self) {
+        if self.queue.is_empty() {
+            self.event.listen().await;
+        }
+    }
+}

crates/mlua-luau-scheduler/src/result_map.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#![allow(clippy::inline_always)]
+
+use std::{cell::RefCell, rc::Rc};
+
+use event_listener::Event;
+// NOTE: This is the hash algorithm that mlua also uses, so we
+// are not adding any additional dependencies / bloat by using it.
+use rustc_hash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
+
+use crate::{thread_id::ThreadId, util::ThreadResult};
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub(crate) struct ThreadResultMap {
+    tracked: Rc<RefCell<FxHashSet<ThreadId>>>,
+    results: Rc<RefCell<FxHashMap<ThreadId, ThreadResult>>>,
+    events: Rc<RefCell<FxHashMap<ThreadId, Rc<Event>>>>,
+}
+
+impl ThreadResultMap {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            tracked: Rc::new(RefCell::new(FxHashSet::default())),
+            results: Rc::new(RefCell::new(FxHashMap::default())),
+            events: Rc::new(RefCell::new(FxHashMap::default())),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn track(&self, id: ThreadId) {
+        self.tracked.borrow_mut().insert(id);
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn is_tracked(&self, id: ThreadId) -> bool {
+        self.tracked.borrow().contains(&id)
+    }
+
+    pub fn insert(&self, id: ThreadId, result: ThreadResult) {
+        debug_assert!(self.is_tracked(id), "Thread must be tracked");
+        self.results.borrow_mut().insert(id, result);
+        if let Some(event) = self.events.borrow_mut().remove(&id) {
+            event.notify(usize::MAX);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub async fn listen(&self, id: ThreadId) {
+        debug_assert!(self.is_tracked(id), "Thread must be tracked");
+        if !self.results.borrow().contains_key(&id) {
+            let listener = {
+                let mut events = self.events.borrow_mut();
+                let event = events.entry(id).or_insert_with(|| Rc::new(Event::new()));
+                event.listen()
+            };
+            listener.await;
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn remove(&self, id: ThreadId) -> Option<ThreadResult> {
+        let res = self.results.borrow_mut().remove(&id)?;
+        self.tracked.borrow_mut().remove(&id);
+        self.events.borrow_mut().remove(&id);
+        Some(res)
+    }
+}

crates/mlua-luau-scheduler/src/scheduler.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,483 @@
+#![allow(clippy::module_name_repetitions)]
+
+use std::{
+    cell::Cell,
+    rc::{Rc, Weak as WeakRc},
+    sync::{Arc, Weak as WeakArc},
+    thread::panicking,
+};
+
+use futures_lite::prelude::*;
+use mlua::prelude::*;
+
+use async_executor::{Executor, LocalExecutor};
+use tracing::{debug, instrument, trace, trace_span, Instrument};
+
+use crate::{
+    error_callback::ThreadErrorCallback,
+    exit::Exit,
+    queue::{DeferredThreadQueue, FuturesQueue, SpawnedThreadQueue},
+    result_map::ThreadResultMap,
+    status::Status,
+    thread_id::ThreadId,
+    traits::IntoLuaThread,
+    util::{run_until_yield, ThreadResult},
+};
+
+const ERR_METADATA_ALREADY_ATTACHED: &str = "\
+Lua state already has scheduler metadata attached!\
+\nThis may be caused by running multiple schedulers on the same Lua state, or a call to Scheduler::run being cancelled.\
+\nOnly one scheduler can be used per Lua state at once, and schedulers must always run until completion.\
+";
+
+const ERR_METADATA_REMOVED: &str = "\
+Lua state scheduler metadata was unexpectedly removed!\
+\nThis should never happen, and is likely a bug in the scheduler.\
+";
+
+const ERR_SET_CALLBACK_WHEN_RUNNING: &str = "\
+Cannot set error callback when scheduler is running!\
+";
+
+/**
+    A scheduler for running Lua threads and async tasks.
+*/
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Scheduler<'lua> {
+    lua: &'lua Lua,
+    queue_spawn: SpawnedThreadQueue,
+    queue_defer: DeferredThreadQueue,
+    error_callback: ThreadErrorCallback,
+    result_map: ThreadResultMap,
+    status: Rc<Cell<Status>>,
+    exit: Exit,
+}
+
+impl<'lua> Scheduler<'lua> {
+    /**
+        Creates a new scheduler for the given Lua state.
+
+        This scheduler will have a default error callback that prints errors to stderr.
+
+        # Panics
+
+        Panics if the given Lua state already has a scheduler attached to it.
+    */
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(lua: &'lua Lua) -> Scheduler<'lua> {
+        let queue_spawn = SpawnedThreadQueue::new();
+        let queue_defer = DeferredThreadQueue::new();
+        let error_callback = ThreadErrorCallback::default();
+        let result_map = ThreadResultMap::new();
+        let exit = Exit::new();
+
+        assert!(
+            lua.app_data_ref::<SpawnedThreadQueue>().is_none(),
+            "{ERR_METADATA_ALREADY_ATTACHED}"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            lua.app_data_ref::<DeferredThreadQueue>().is_none(),
+            "{ERR_METADATA_ALREADY_ATTACHED}"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            lua.app_data_ref::<ThreadErrorCallback>().is_none(),
+            "{ERR_METADATA_ALREADY_ATTACHED}"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            lua.app_data_ref::<ThreadResultMap>().is_none(),
+            "{ERR_METADATA_ALREADY_ATTACHED}"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            lua.app_data_ref::<Exit>().is_none(),
+            "{ERR_METADATA_ALREADY_ATTACHED}"
+        );
+
+        lua.set_app_data(queue_spawn.clone());
+        lua.set_app_data(queue_defer.clone());
+        lua.set_app_data(error_callback.clone());
+        lua.set_app_data(result_map.clone());
+        lua.set_app_data(exit.clone());
+
+        let status = Rc::new(Cell::new(Status::NotStarted));
+
+        Scheduler {
+            lua,
+            queue_spawn,
+            queue_defer,
+            error_callback,
+            result_map,
+            status,
+            exit,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+        Sets the current status of this scheduler and emits relevant tracing events.
+    */
+    fn set_status(&self, status: Status) {
+        debug!(status = ?status, "status");
+        self.status.set(status);
+    }
+
+    /**
+        Returns the current status of this scheduler.
+    */
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn status(&self) -> Status {
+        self.status.get()
+    }
+
+    /**
+        Sets the error callback for this scheduler.
+
+        This callback will be called whenever a Lua thread errors.
+
+        Overwrites any previous error callback.
+
+        # Panics
+
+        Panics if the scheduler is currently running.
+    */
+    pub fn set_error_callback(&self, callback: impl Fn(LuaError) + Send + 'static) {
+        assert!(
+            !self.status().is_running(),
+            "{ERR_SET_CALLBACK_WHEN_RUNNING}"
+        );
+        self.error_callback.replace(callback);
+    }
+
+    /**
+        Clears the error callback for this scheduler.
+
+        This will remove any current error callback, including default(s).
+
+        # Panics
+
+        Panics if the scheduler is currently running.
+    */
+    pub fn remove_error_callback(&self) {
+        assert!(
+            !self.status().is_running(),
+            "{ERR_SET_CALLBACK_WHEN_RUNNING}"
+        );
+        self.error_callback.clear();
+    }
+
+    /**
+        Gets the exit code for this scheduler, if one has been set.
+    */
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn get_exit_code(&self) -> Option<u8> {
+        self.exit.get()
+    }
+
+    /**
+        Sets the exit code for this scheduler.
+
+        This will cause [`Scheduler::run`] to exit immediately.
+    */
+    pub fn set_exit_code(&self, code: u8) {
+        self.exit.set(code);
+    }
+
+    /**
+        Spawns a chunk / function / thread onto the scheduler queue.
+
+        Threads are guaranteed to be resumed in the order that they were pushed to the queue.
+
+        # Returns
+
+        Returns a [`ThreadId`] that can be used to retrieve the result of the thread.
+
+        Note that the result may not be available until [`Scheduler::run`] completes.
+
+        # Errors
+
+        Errors when out of memory.
+    */
+    pub fn push_thread_front(
+        &self,
+        thread: impl IntoLuaThread<'lua>,
+        args: impl IntoLuaMulti<'lua>,
+    ) -> LuaResult<ThreadId> {
+        let id = self.queue_spawn.push_item(self.lua, thread, args)?;
+        self.result_map.track(id);
+        Ok(id)
+    }
+
+    /**
+        Defers a chunk / function / thread onto the scheduler queue.
+
+        Deferred threads are guaranteed to run after all spawned threads either yield or complete.
+
+        Threads are guaranteed to be resumed in the order that they were pushed to the queue.
+
+        # Returns
+
+        Returns a [`ThreadId`] that can be used to retrieve the result of the thread.
+
+        Note that the result may not be available until [`Scheduler::run`] completes.
+
+        # Errors
+
+        Errors when out of memory.
+    */
+    pub fn push_thread_back(
+        &self,
+        thread: impl IntoLuaThread<'lua>,
+        args: impl IntoLuaMulti<'lua>,
+    ) -> LuaResult<ThreadId> {
+        let id = self.queue_defer.push_item(self.lua, thread, args)?;
+        self.result_map.track(id);
+        Ok(id)
+    }
+
+    /**
+        Gets the tracked result for the [`LuaThread`] with the given [`ThreadId`].
+
+        Depending on the current [`Scheduler::status`], this method will return:
+
+        - [`Status::NotStarted`]: returns `None`.
+        - [`Status::Running`]: may return `Some(Ok(v))` or `Some(Err(e))`, but it is not guaranteed.
+        - [`Status::Completed`]: returns `Some(Ok(v))` or `Some(Err(e))`.
+
+        Note that this method also takes the value out of the scheduler and
+        stops tracking the given thread, so it may only be called once.
+
+        Any subsequent calls after this method returns `Some` will return `None`.
+    */
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn get_thread_result(&self, id: ThreadId) -> Option<LuaResult<LuaMultiValue<'lua>>> {
+        self.result_map.remove(id).map(|r| r.value(self.lua))
+    }
+
+    /**
+        Waits for the [`LuaThread`] with the given [`ThreadId`] to complete.
+
+        This will return instantly if the thread has already completed.
+    */
+    pub async fn wait_for_thread(&self, id: ThreadId) {
+        self.result_map.listen(id).await;
+    }
+
+    /**
+        Runs the scheduler until all Lua threads have completed.
+
+        Note that the given Lua state must be the same one that was
+        used to create this scheduler, otherwise this method will panic.
+
+        # Panics
+
+        Panics if the given Lua state already has a scheduler attached to it.
+    */
+    #[allow(clippy::too_many_lines)]
+    #[instrument(level = "debug", name = "Scheduler::run", skip(self))]
+    pub async fn run(&self) {
+        /*
+            Create new executors to use - note that we do not need create multiple executors
+            for work stealing, the user may do that themselves if they want to and it will work
+            just fine, as long as anything async is .await-ed from within a Lua async function.
+
+            The main purpose of the two executors here is just to have one with
+            the Send bound, and another (local) one without it, for Lua scheduling.
+
+            We also use the main executor to drive the main loop below forward,
+            saving a tiny bit of processing from going on the Lua executor itself.
+        */
+        let local_exec = LocalExecutor::new();
+        let main_exec = Arc::new(Executor::new());
+        let fut_queue = Rc::new(FuturesQueue::new());
+
+        /*
+            Store the main executor and queue in Lua, so that they may be used with LuaSchedulerExt.
+
+            Also ensure we do not already have an executor or queues - these are definite user errors
+            and may happen if the user tries to run multiple schedulers on the same Lua state at once.
+        */
+        assert!(
+            self.lua.app_data_ref::<WeakArc<Executor>>().is_none(),
+            "{ERR_METADATA_ALREADY_ATTACHED}"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            self.lua.app_data_ref::<WeakRc<FuturesQueue>>().is_none(),
+            "{ERR_METADATA_ALREADY_ATTACHED}"
+        );
+
+        self.lua.set_app_data(Arc::downgrade(&main_exec));
+        self.lua.set_app_data(Rc::downgrade(&fut_queue.clone()));
+
+        /*
+            Manually tick the Lua executor, while running under the main executor.
+            Each tick we wait for the next action to perform, in prioritized order:
+
+            1. The exit event is triggered by setting an exit code
+            2. A Lua thread is available to run on the spawned queue
+            3. A Lua thread is available to run on the deferred queue
+            4. A new thread-local future is available to run on the local executor
+            5. Task(s) scheduled on the Lua executor have made progress and should be polled again
+
+            This ordering is vital to ensure that we don't accidentally exit the main loop
+            when there are new Lua threads to enqueue and potentially more work to be done.
+        */
+        let fut = async {
+            let result_map = self.result_map.clone();
+            let process_thread = |thread: LuaThread<'lua>, args| {
+                // NOTE: Thread may have been cancelled from Lua
+                // before we got here, so we need to check it again
+                if thread.status() == LuaThreadStatus::Resumable {
+                    // Check if we should be tracking this thread
+                    let id = ThreadId::from(&thread);
+                    let id_tracked = result_map.is_tracked(id);
+                    let result_map_inner = if id_tracked {
+                        Some(result_map.clone())
+                    } else {
+                        None
+                    };
+                    // Create our future which will run the thread and store its final result
+                    let fut = async move {
+                        if id_tracked {
+                            // Run until yield and check if we got a final result
+                            if let Some(res) = run_until_yield(thread.clone(), args).await {
+                                if let Err(e) = res.as_ref() {
+                                    self.error_callback.call(e);
+                                }
+                                if thread.status() != LuaThreadStatus::Resumable {
+                                    let thread_res = ThreadResult::new(res, self.lua);
+                                    result_map_inner.unwrap().insert(id, thread_res);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            // Just run until yield
+                            if let Some(res) = run_until_yield(thread, args).await {
+                                if let Err(e) = res.as_ref() {
+                                    self.error_callback.call(e);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    };
+                    // Spawn it on the executor
+                    local_exec.spawn(fut).detach();
+                }
+            };
+
+            loop {
+                let fut_exit = self.exit.listen(); // 1
+                let fut_spawn = self.queue_spawn.wait_for_item(); // 2
+                let fut_defer = self.queue_defer.wait_for_item(); // 3
+                let fut_futs = fut_queue.wait_for_item(); // 4
+
+                // 5
+                let mut num_processed = 0;
+                let span_tick = trace_span!("Scheduler::tick");
+                let fut_tick = async {
+                    local_exec.tick().await;
+                    // NOTE: Try to do as much work as possible instead of just a single tick()
+                    num_processed += 1;
+                    while local_exec.try_tick() {
+                        num_processed += 1;
+                    }
+                };
+
+                // 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5
+                fut_exit
+                    .or(fut_spawn)
+                    .or(fut_defer)
+                    .or(fut_futs)
+                    .or(fut_tick.instrument(span_tick.or_current()))
+                    .await;
+
+                // Check if we should exit
+                if self.exit.get().is_some() {
+                    debug!("exit signal received");
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // Process spawned threads first, then deferred threads, then futures
+                let mut num_spawned = 0;
+                let mut num_deferred = 0;
+                let mut num_futures = 0;
+                {
+                    let _span = trace_span!("Scheduler::drain_spawned").entered();
+                    for (thread, args) in self.queue_spawn.drain_items(self.lua) {
+                        process_thread(thread, args);
+                        num_spawned += 1;
+                    }
+                }
+                {
+                    let _span = trace_span!("Scheduler::drain_deferred").entered();
+                    for (thread, args) in self.queue_defer.drain_items(self.lua) {
+                        process_thread(thread, args);
+                        num_deferred += 1;
+                    }
+                }
+                {
+                    let _span = trace_span!("Scheduler::drain_futures").entered();
+                    for fut in fut_queue.drain_items() {
+                        local_exec.spawn(fut).detach();
+                        num_futures += 1;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Empty executor = we didn't spawn any new Lua tasks
+                // above, and there are no remaining tasks to run later
+                let completed = local_exec.is_empty()
+                    && self.queue_spawn.is_empty()
+                    && self.queue_defer.is_empty();
+                trace!(
+                    futures_spawned = num_futures,
+                    futures_processed = num_processed,
+                    lua_threads_spawned = num_spawned,
+                    lua_threads_deferred = num_deferred,
+                    "loop"
+                );
+                if completed {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Run the executor inside a span until all lua threads complete
+        self.set_status(Status::Running);
+        main_exec.run(fut).await;
+        self.set_status(Status::Completed);
+
+        // Clean up
+        self.lua
+            .remove_app_data::<WeakArc<Executor>>()
+            .expect(ERR_METADATA_REMOVED);
+        self.lua
+            .remove_app_data::<WeakRc<FuturesQueue>>()
+            .expect(ERR_METADATA_REMOVED);
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for Scheduler<'_> {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        if panicking() {
+            // Do not cause further panics if already panicking, as
+            // this may abort the program instead of safely unwinding
+            self.lua.remove_app_data::<SpawnedThreadQueue>();
+            self.lua.remove_app_data::<DeferredThreadQueue>();
+            self.lua.remove_app_data::<ThreadErrorCallback>();
+            self.lua.remove_app_data::<ThreadResultMap>();
+            self.lua.remove_app_data::<Exit>();
+        } else {
+            // In any other case we panic if metadata was removed incorrectly
+            self.lua
+                .remove_app_data::<SpawnedThreadQueue>()
+                .expect(ERR_METADATA_REMOVED);
+            self.lua
+                .remove_app_data::<DeferredThreadQueue>()
+                .expect(ERR_METADATA_REMOVED);
+            self.lua
+                .remove_app_data::<ThreadErrorCallback>()
+                .expect(ERR_METADATA_REMOVED);
+            self.lua
+                .remove_app_data::<ThreadResultMap>()
+                .expect(ERR_METADATA_REMOVED);
+            self.lua
+                .remove_app_data::<Exit>()
+                .expect(ERR_METADATA_REMOVED);
+        }
+    }
+}

crates/mlua-luau-scheduler/src/status.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#![allow(clippy::module_name_repetitions)]
+
+/**
+    The current status of a scheduler.
+*/
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub enum Status {
+    /// The scheduler has not yet started running.
+    NotStarted,
+    /// The scheduler is currently running.
+    Running,
+    /// The scheduler has completed.
+    Completed,
+}
+
+impl Status {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn is_not_started(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::NotStarted)
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn is_running(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::Running)
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn is_completed(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::Completed)
+    }
+}

crates/mlua-luau-scheduler/src/thread_id.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
+
+use mlua::prelude::*;
+
+/**
+    Opaque and unique ID representing a [`LuaThread`].
+
+    Typically used for associating metadata with a thread in a structure such as a `HashMap<ThreadId, ...>`.
+
+    Note that holding a `ThreadId` does not prevent the thread from being garbage collected.
+    The actual thread may or may not still exist and be active at any given point in time.
+*/
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct ThreadId {
+    inner: usize,
+}
+
+impl From<&LuaThread<'_>> for ThreadId {
+    fn from(thread: &LuaThread) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            inner: thread.to_pointer() as usize,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Hash for ThreadId {
+    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
+        self.inner.hash(state);
+    }
+}

crates/mlua-luau-scheduler/src/traits.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,378 @@
+#![allow(unused_imports)]
+#![allow(clippy::missing_errors_doc)]
+
+use std::{
+    cell::Cell, future::Future, process::ExitCode, rc::Weak as WeakRc, sync::Weak as WeakArc,
+};
+
+use async_executor::{Executor, Task};
+use mlua::prelude::*;
+use tracing::trace;
+
+use crate::{
+    exit::Exit,
+    queue::{DeferredThreadQueue, FuturesQueue, SpawnedThreadQueue},
+    result_map::ThreadResultMap,
+    scheduler::Scheduler,
+    thread_id::ThreadId,
+};
+
+/**
+    Trait for any struct that can be turned into an [`LuaThread`]
+    and passed to the scheduler, implemented for the following types:
+
+    - Lua threads ([`LuaThread`])
+    - Lua functions ([`LuaFunction`])
+    - Lua chunks ([`LuaChunk`])
+*/
+pub trait IntoLuaThread<'lua> {
+    /**
+        Converts the value into a Lua thread.
+
+        # Errors
+
+        Errors when out of memory.
+    */
+    fn into_lua_thread(self, lua: &'lua Lua) -> LuaResult<LuaThread<'lua>>;
+}
+
+impl<'lua> IntoLuaThread<'lua> for LuaThread<'lua> {
+    fn into_lua_thread(self, _: &'lua Lua) -> LuaResult<LuaThread<'lua>> {
+        Ok(self)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'lua> IntoLuaThread<'lua> for LuaFunction<'lua> {
+    fn into_lua_thread(self, lua: &'lua Lua) -> LuaResult<LuaThread<'lua>> {
+        lua.create_thread(self)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'lua> IntoLuaThread<'lua> for LuaChunk<'lua, '_> {
+    fn into_lua_thread(self, lua: &'lua Lua) -> LuaResult<LuaThread<'lua>> {
+        lua.create_thread(self.into_function()?)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'lua, T> IntoLuaThread<'lua> for &T
+where
+    T: IntoLuaThread<'lua> + Clone,
+{
+    fn into_lua_thread(self, lua: &'lua Lua) -> LuaResult<LuaThread<'lua>> {
+        self.clone().into_lua_thread(lua)
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+    Trait for interacting with the current [`Scheduler`].
+
+    Provides extra methods on the [`Lua`] struct for:
+
+    - Setting the exit code and forcibly stopping the scheduler
+    - Pushing (spawning) and deferring (pushing to the back) lua threads
+    - Tracking and getting the result of lua threads
+*/
+pub trait LuaSchedulerExt<'lua> {
+    /**
+        Sets the exit code of the current scheduler.
+
+        See [`Scheduler::set_exit_code`] for more information.
+
+        # Panics
+
+        Panics if called outside of a running [`Scheduler`].
+    */
+    fn set_exit_code(&self, code: u8);
+
+    /**
+        Pushes (spawns) a lua thread to the **front** of the current scheduler.
+
+        See [`Scheduler::push_thread_front`] for more information.
+
+        # Panics
+
+        Panics if called outside of a running [`Scheduler`].
+    */
+    fn push_thread_front(
+        &'lua self,
+        thread: impl IntoLuaThread<'lua>,
+        args: impl IntoLuaMulti<'lua>,
+    ) -> LuaResult<ThreadId>;
+
+    /**
+        Pushes (defers) a lua thread to the **back** of the current scheduler.
+
+        See [`Scheduler::push_thread_back`] for more information.
+
+        # Panics
+
+        Panics if called outside of a running [`Scheduler`].
+    */
+    fn push_thread_back(
+        &'lua self,
+        thread: impl IntoLuaThread<'lua>,
+        args: impl IntoLuaMulti<'lua>,
+    ) -> LuaResult<ThreadId>;
+
+    /**
+        Registers the given thread to be tracked within the current scheduler.
+
+        Must be called before waiting for a thread to complete or getting its result.
+    */
+    fn track_thread(&'lua self, id: ThreadId);
+
+    /**
+        Gets the result of the given thread.
+
+        See [`Scheduler::get_thread_result`] for more information.
+
+        # Panics
+
+        Panics if called outside of a running [`Scheduler`].
+    */
+    fn get_thread_result(&'lua self, id: ThreadId) -> Option<LuaResult<LuaMultiValue<'lua>>>;
+
+    /**
+        Waits for the given thread to complete.
+
+        See [`Scheduler::wait_for_thread`] for more information.
+
+        # Panics
+
+        Panics if called outside of a running [`Scheduler`].
+    */
+    fn wait_for_thread(&'lua self, id: ThreadId) -> impl Future<Output = ()>;
+}
+
+/**
+    Trait for interacting with the [`Executor`] for the current [`Scheduler`].
+
+    Provides extra methods on the [`Lua`] struct for:
+
+    - Spawning thread-local (`!Send`) futures on the current executor
+    - Spawning background (`Send`) futures on the current executor
+    - Spawning blocking tasks on a separate thread pool
+*/
+pub trait LuaSpawnExt<'lua> {
+    /**
+        Spawns the given future on the current executor and returns its [`Task`].
+
+        # Panics
+
+        Panics if called outside of a running [`Scheduler`].
+
+        # Example usage
+
+        ```rust
+        use async_io::block_on;
+
+        use mlua::prelude::*;
+        use mlua_luau_scheduler::*;
+
+        fn main() -> LuaResult<()> {
+            let lua = Lua::new();
+
+            lua.globals().set(
+                "spawnBackgroundTask",
+                lua.create_async_function(|lua, ()| async move {
+                    lua.spawn(async move {
+                        println!("Hello from background task!");
+                    }).await;
+                    Ok(())
+                })?
+            )?;
+
+            let sched = Scheduler::new(&lua);
+            sched.push_thread_front(lua.load("spawnBackgroundTask()"), ());
+            block_on(sched.run());
+
+            Ok(())
+        }
+        ```
+    */
+    fn spawn<F, T>(&self, fut: F) -> Task<T>
+    where
+        F: Future<Output = T> + Send + 'static,
+        T: Send + 'static;
+
+    /**
+        Spawns the given thread-local future on the current executor.
+
+        Note that this future will run detached and always to completion,
+        preventing the [`Scheduler`] was spawned on from completing until done.
+
+        # Panics
+
+        Panics if called outside of a running [`Scheduler`].
+
+        # Example usage
+
+        ```rust
+        use async_io::block_on;
+
+        use mlua::prelude::*;
+        use mlua_luau_scheduler::*;
+
+        fn main() -> LuaResult<()> {
+            let lua = Lua::new();
+
+            lua.globals().set(
+                "spawnLocalTask",
+                lua.create_async_function(|lua, ()| async move {
+                    lua.spawn_local(async move {
+                        println!("Hello from local task!");
+                    });
+                    Ok(())
+                })?
+            )?;
+
+            let sched = Scheduler::new(&lua);
+            sched.push_thread_front(lua.load("spawnLocalTask()"), ());
+            block_on(sched.run());
+
+            Ok(())
+        }
+        ```
+    */
+    fn spawn_local<F>(&self, fut: F)
+    where
+        F: Future<Output = ()> + 'static;
+
+    /**
+        Spawns the given blocking function and returns its [`Task`].
+
+        This function will run on a separate thread pool and not block the current executor.
+
+        # Panics
+
+        Panics if called outside of a running [`Scheduler`].
+
+        # Example usage
+
+        ```rust
+        use async_io::block_on;
+
+        use mlua::prelude::*;
+        use mlua_luau_scheduler::*;
+
+        fn main() -> LuaResult<()> {
+            let lua = Lua::new();
+
+            lua.globals().set(
+                "spawnBlockingTask",
+                lua.create_async_function(|lua, ()| async move {
+                    lua.spawn_blocking(|| {
+                        println!("Hello from blocking task!");
+                    }).await;
+                    Ok(())
+                })?
+            )?;
+
+            let sched = Scheduler::new(&lua);
+            sched.push_thread_front(lua.load("spawnBlockingTask()"), ());
+            block_on(sched.run());
+
+            Ok(())
+        }
+        ```
+    */
+    fn spawn_blocking<F, T>(&self, f: F) -> Task<T>
+    where
+        F: FnOnce() -> T + Send + 'static,
+        T: Send + 'static;
+}
+
+impl<'lua> LuaSchedulerExt<'lua> for Lua {
+    fn set_exit_code(&self, code: u8) {
+        let exit = self
+            .app_data_ref::<Exit>()
+            .expect("exit code can only be set from within an active scheduler");
+        exit.set(code);
+    }
+
+    fn push_thread_front(
+        &'lua self,
+        thread: impl IntoLuaThread<'lua>,
+        args: impl IntoLuaMulti<'lua>,
+    ) -> LuaResult<ThreadId> {
+        let queue = self
+            .app_data_ref::<SpawnedThreadQueue>()
+            .expect("lua threads can only be pushed from within an active scheduler");
+        queue.push_item(self, thread, args)
+    }
+
+    fn push_thread_back(
+        &'lua self,
+        thread: impl IntoLuaThread<'lua>,
+        args: impl IntoLuaMulti<'lua>,
+    ) -> LuaResult<ThreadId> {
+        let queue = self
+            .app_data_ref::<DeferredThreadQueue>()
+            .expect("lua threads can only be pushed from within an active scheduler");
+        queue.push_item(self, thread, args)
+    }
+
+    fn track_thread(&'lua self, id: ThreadId) {
+        let map = self
+            .app_data_ref::<ThreadResultMap>()
+            .expect("lua threads can only be tracked from within an active scheduler");
+        map.track(id);
+    }
+
+    fn get_thread_result(&'lua self, id: ThreadId) -> Option<LuaResult<LuaMultiValue<'lua>>> {
+        let map = self
+            .app_data_ref::<ThreadResultMap>()
+            .expect("lua threads results can only be retrieved from within an active scheduler");
+        map.remove(id).map(|r| r.value(self))
+    }
+
+    fn wait_for_thread(&'lua self, id: ThreadId) -> impl Future<Output = ()> {
+        let map = self
+            .app_data_ref::<ThreadResultMap>()
+            .expect("lua threads results can only be retrieved from within an active scheduler");
+        async move { map.listen(id).await }
+    }
+}
+
+impl LuaSpawnExt<'_> for Lua {
+    fn spawn<F, T>(&self, fut: F) -> Task<T>
+    where
+        F: Future<Output = T> + Send + 'static,
+        T: Send + 'static,
+    {
+        let exec = self
+            .app_data_ref::<WeakArc<Executor>>()
+            .expect("tasks can only be spawned within an active scheduler")
+            .upgrade()
+            .expect("executor was dropped");
+        trace!("spawning future on executor");
+        exec.spawn(fut)
+    }
+
+    fn spawn_local<F>(&self, fut: F)
+    where
+        F: Future<Output = ()> + 'static,
+    {
+        let queue = self
+            .app_data_ref::<WeakRc<FuturesQueue>>()
+            .expect("tasks can only be spawned within an active scheduler")
+            .upgrade()
+            .expect("executor was dropped");
+        trace!("spawning local task on executor");
+        queue.push_item(fut);
+    }
+
+    fn spawn_blocking<F, T>(&self, f: F) -> Task<T>
+    where
+        F: FnOnce() -> T + Send + 'static,
+        T: Send + 'static,
+    {
+        let exec = self
+            .app_data_ref::<WeakArc<Executor>>()
+            .expect("tasks can only be spawned within an active scheduler")
+            .upgrade()
+            .expect("executor was dropped");
+        trace!("spawning blocking task on executor");
+        exec.spawn(blocking::unblock(f))
+    }
+}

crates/mlua-luau-scheduler/src/util.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+use futures_lite::StreamExt;
+use mlua::prelude::*;
+use tracing::instrument;
+
+/**
+    Runs a Lua thread until it manually yields (using coroutine.yield), errors, or completes.
+
+    May return `None` if the thread was cancelled.
+
+    Otherwise returns the values yielded by the thread, or the error that caused it to stop.
+*/
+#[instrument(level = "trace", name = "Scheduler::run_until_yield", skip_all)]
+pub(crate) async fn run_until_yield<'lua>(
+    thread: LuaThread<'lua>,
+    args: LuaMultiValue<'lua>,
+) -> Option<LuaResult<LuaMultiValue<'lua>>> {
+    let mut stream = thread.into_async(args);
+    /*
+        NOTE: It is very important that we drop the thread/stream as
+        soon as we are done, it takes up valuable Lua registry space
+        and detached tasks will not drop until the executor does
+
+        https://github.com/smol-rs/smol/issues/294
+
+        We also do not unwrap here since returning `None` is expected behavior for cancellation.
+
+        Even though we are converting into a stream, and then immediately running it,
+        the future may still be cancelled before it is polled, which gives us None.
+    */
+    stream.next().await
+}
+
+/**
+    Checks if the given [`LuaValue`] is the async `POLL_PENDING` constant.
+*/
+#[inline]
+pub(crate) fn is_poll_pending(value: &LuaValue) -> bool {
+    value
+        .as_light_userdata()
+        .is_some_and(|l| l == Lua::poll_pending())
+}
+
+/**
+    Representation of a [`LuaResult`] with an associated [`LuaMultiValue`] currently stored in the Lua registry.
+*/
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct ThreadResult {
+    inner: LuaResult<LuaRegistryKey>,
+}
+
+impl ThreadResult {
+    pub fn new(result: LuaResult<LuaMultiValue>, lua: &Lua) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            inner: match result {
+                Ok(v) => Ok({
+                    let vec = v.into_vec();
+                    lua.create_registry_value(vec).expect("out of memory")
+                }),
+                Err(e) => Err(e),
+            },
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn value(self, lua: &Lua) -> LuaResult<LuaMultiValue> {
+        match self.inner {
+            Ok(key) => {
+                let vec = lua.registry_value(&key).unwrap();
+                lua.remove_registry_value(key).unwrap();
+                Ok(LuaMultiValue::from_vec(vec))
+            }
+            Err(e) => Err(e.clone()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+    Representation of a [`LuaThread`] with its associated arguments currently stored in the Lua registry.
+*/
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct ThreadWithArgs {
+    key_thread: LuaRegistryKey,
+    key_args: LuaRegistryKey,
+}
+
+impl ThreadWithArgs {
+    pub fn new<'lua>(
+        lua: &'lua Lua,
+        thread: LuaThread<'lua>,
+        args: LuaMultiValue<'lua>,
+    ) -> LuaResult<Self> {
+        let argsv = args.into_vec();
+
+        let key_thread = lua.create_registry_value(thread)?;
+        let key_args = lua.create_registry_value(argsv)?;
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            key_thread,
+            key_args,
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn into_inner(self, lua: &Lua) -> (LuaThread<'_>, LuaMultiValue<'_>) {
+        let thread = lua.registry_value(&self.key_thread).unwrap();
+        let argsv = lua.registry_value(&self.key_args).unwrap();
+
+        let args = LuaMultiValue::from_vec(argsv);
+
+        lua.remove_registry_value(self.key_thread).unwrap();
+        lua.remove_registry_value(self.key_args).unwrap();
+
+        (thread, args)
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+    Wrapper struct to accept either a Lua thread or a Lua function as function argument.
+
+    [`LuaThreadOrFunction::into_thread`] may be used to convert the value into a Lua thread.
+*/
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub(crate) enum LuaThreadOrFunction<'lua> {
+    Thread(LuaThread<'lua>),
+    Function(LuaFunction<'lua>),
+}
+
+impl<'lua> LuaThreadOrFunction<'lua> {
+    pub(super) fn into_thread(self, lua: &'lua Lua) -> LuaResult<LuaThread<'lua>> {
+        match self {
+            Self::Thread(t) => Ok(t),
+            Self::Function(f) => lua.create_thread(f),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'lua> FromLua<'lua> for LuaThreadOrFunction<'lua> {
+    fn from_lua(value: LuaValue<'lua>, _: &'lua Lua) -> LuaResult<Self> {
+        match value {
+            LuaValue::Thread(t) => Ok(Self::Thread(t)),
+            LuaValue::Function(f) => Ok(Self::Function(f)),
+            value => Err(LuaError::FromLuaConversionError {
+                from: value.type_name(),
+                to: "LuaThreadOrFunction",
+                message: Some("Expected thread or function".to_string()),
+            }),
+        }
+    }
+}

rokit.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+[tools]
+luau-lsp = "JohnnyMorganz/luau-lsp@1.33.1"
+stylua = "JohnnyMorganz/StyLua@0.20.0"
+just = "casey/just@1.36.0"