diff --git a/Analysis/include/Luau/AstQuery.h b/Analysis/include/Luau/AstQuery.h
index bf738462..aa7ef8d3 100644
--- a/Analysis/include/Luau/AstQuery.h
+++ b/Analysis/include/Luau/AstQuery.h
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ private:
 };
 
 std::vector<AstNode*> findAncestryAtPositionForAutocomplete(const SourceModule& source, Position pos);
-std::vector<AstNode*> findAstAncestryOfPosition(const SourceModule& source, Position pos);
+std::vector<AstNode*> findAstAncestryOfPosition(const SourceModule& source, Position pos, bool includeTypes = false);
 AstNode* findNodeAtPosition(const SourceModule& source, Position pos);
 AstExpr* findExprAtPosition(const SourceModule& source, Position pos);
 ScopePtr findScopeAtPosition(const Module& module, Position pos);
diff --git a/Analysis/include/Luau/ConstraintGraphBuilder.h b/Analysis/include/Luau/ConstraintGraphBuilder.h
index 3a67610a..a1caf85a 100644
--- a/Analysis/include/Luau/ConstraintGraphBuilder.h
+++ b/Analysis/include/Luau/ConstraintGraphBuilder.h
@@ -240,20 +240,28 @@ struct ConstraintGraphBuilder
      * Resolves a type from its AST annotation.
      * @param scope the scope that the type annotation appears within.
      * @param ty the AST annotation to resolve.
-     * @param topLevel whether the annotation is a "top-level" annotation.
+     * @param inTypeArguments whether we are resolving a type that's contained within type arguments, `<...>`.
      * @return the type of the AST annotation.
      **/
-    TypeId resolveType(const ScopePtr& scope, AstType* ty, bool topLevel = false);
+    TypeId resolveType(const ScopePtr& scope, AstType* ty, bool inTypeArguments);
 
     /**
      * Resolves a type pack from its AST annotation.
      * @param scope the scope that the type annotation appears within.
      * @param tp the AST annotation to resolve.
+     * @param inTypeArguments whether we are resolving a type that's contained within type arguments, `<...>`.
      * @return the type pack of the AST annotation.
      **/
-    TypePackId resolveTypePack(const ScopePtr& scope, AstTypePack* tp);
+    TypePackId resolveTypePack(const ScopePtr& scope, AstTypePack* tp, bool inTypeArguments);
 
-    TypePackId resolveTypePack(const ScopePtr& scope, const AstTypeList& list);
+    /**
+     * Resolves a type pack from its AST annotation.
+     * @param scope the scope that the type annotation appears within.
+     * @param list the AST annotation to resolve.
+     * @param inTypeArguments whether we are resolving a type that's contained within type arguments, `<...>`.
+     * @return the type pack of the AST annotation.
+     **/
+    TypePackId resolveTypePack(const ScopePtr& scope, const AstTypeList& list, bool inTypeArguments);
 
     std::vector<std::pair<Name, GenericTypeDefinition>> createGenerics(const ScopePtr& scope, AstArray<AstGenericType> generics);
     std::vector<std::pair<Name, GenericTypePackDefinition>> createGenericPacks(const ScopePtr& scope, AstArray<AstGenericTypePack> packs);
diff --git a/Analysis/include/Luau/ConstraintSolver.h b/Analysis/include/Luau/ConstraintSolver.h
index 5c235a35..66d3e8f3 100644
--- a/Analysis/include/Luau/ConstraintSolver.h
+++ b/Analysis/include/Luau/ConstraintSolver.h
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ struct ConstraintSolver
     bool tryDispatch(const FunctionCallConstraint& c, NotNull<const Constraint> constraint);
     bool tryDispatch(const PrimitiveTypeConstraint& c, NotNull<const Constraint> constraint);
     bool tryDispatch(const HasPropConstraint& c, NotNull<const Constraint> constraint);
-    bool tryDispatch(const SetPropConstraint& c, NotNull<const Constraint> constraint);
+    bool tryDispatch(const SetPropConstraint& c, NotNull<const Constraint> constraint, bool force);
     bool tryDispatch(const SingletonOrTopTypeConstraint& c, NotNull<const Constraint> constraint);
 
     // for a, ... in some_table do
diff --git a/Analysis/include/Luau/Scope.h b/Analysis/include/Luau/Scope.h
index 797c9cb0..a8f83e2f 100644
--- a/Analysis/include/Luau/Scope.h
+++ b/Analysis/include/Luau/Scope.h
@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@ struct Scope
     std::unordered_map<Name, TypeFun> exportedTypeBindings;
     std::unordered_map<Name, TypeFun> privateTypeBindings;
     std::unordered_map<Name, Location> typeAliasLocations;
+    std::unordered_map<Name, Location> typeAliasNameLocations;
+    std::unordered_map<Name, ModuleName> importedModules; // Mapping from the name in the require statement to the internal moduleName.
     std::unordered_map<Name, std::unordered_map<Name, TypeFun>> importedTypeBindings;
 
     DenseHashSet<Name> builtinTypeNames{""};
diff --git a/Analysis/include/Luau/ToString.h b/Analysis/include/Luau/ToString.h
index 461a8fff..7758e8f9 100644
--- a/Analysis/include/Luau/ToString.h
+++ b/Analysis/include/Luau/ToString.h
@@ -132,7 +132,9 @@ std::optional<std::string> getFunctionNameAsString(const AstExpr& expr);
 // It could be useful to see the text representation of a type during a debugging session instead of exploring the content of the class
 // These functions will dump the type to stdout and can be evaluated in Watch/Immediate windows or as gdb/lldb expression
 std::string dump(TypeId ty);
+std::string dump(const std::optional<TypeId>& ty);
 std::string dump(TypePackId ty);
+std::string dump(const std::optional<TypePackId>& ty);
 std::string dump(const Constraint& c);
 
 std::string dump(const std::shared_ptr<Scope>& scope, const char* name);
diff --git a/Analysis/include/Luau/Type.h b/Analysis/include/Luau/Type.h
index 9d4d9940..4962274c 100644
--- a/Analysis/include/Luau/Type.h
+++ b/Analysis/include/Luau/Type.h
@@ -657,8 +657,11 @@ public:
     const TypeId unknownType;
     const TypeId neverType;
     const TypeId errorType;
-    const TypeId falsyType;  // No type binding!
-    const TypeId truthyType; // No type binding!
+    const TypeId falsyType;
+    const TypeId truthyType;
+
+    const TypeId optionalNumberType;
+    const TypeId optionalStringType;
 
     const TypePackId anyTypePack;
     const TypePackId neverTypePack;
diff --git a/Analysis/include/Luau/TypeReduction.h b/Analysis/include/Luau/TypeReduction.h
index a7cec946..7cc16978 100644
--- a/Analysis/include/Luau/TypeReduction.h
+++ b/Analysis/include/Luau/TypeReduction.h
@@ -9,11 +9,28 @@
 namespace Luau
 {
 
-/// If it's desirable to allocate into a different arena than the TypeReduction instance you have, you will need
-/// to create a temporary TypeReduction in that case. This is because TypeReduction caches the reduced type.
+namespace detail
+{
+template<typename T>
+struct ReductionContext
+{
+    T type = nullptr;
+    bool irreducible = false;
+};
+} // namespace detail
+
+struct TypeReductionOptions
+{
+    /// If it's desirable for type reduction to allocate into a different arena than the TypeReduction instance you have, you will need
+    /// to create a temporary TypeReduction in that case, and set [`TypeReductionOptions::allowTypeReductionsFromOtherArenas`] to true.
+    /// This is because TypeReduction caches the reduced type.
+    bool allowTypeReductionsFromOtherArenas = false;
+};
+
 struct TypeReduction
 {
-    explicit TypeReduction(NotNull<TypeArena> arena, NotNull<BuiltinTypes> builtinTypes, NotNull<InternalErrorReporter> handle);
+    explicit TypeReduction(
+        NotNull<TypeArena> arena, NotNull<BuiltinTypes> builtinTypes, NotNull<InternalErrorReporter> handle, const TypeReductionOptions& opts = {});
 
     std::optional<TypeId> reduce(TypeId ty);
     std::optional<TypePackId> reduce(TypePackId tp);
@@ -23,12 +40,10 @@ private:
     NotNull<TypeArena> arena;
     NotNull<BuiltinTypes> builtinTypes;
     NotNull<struct InternalErrorReporter> handle;
+    TypeReductionOptions options;
 
-    DenseHashMap<TypeId, TypeId> cachedTypes{nullptr};
-    DenseHashMap<TypePackId, TypePackId> cachedTypePacks{nullptr};
-
-    std::pair<std::optional<TypeId>, bool> reduceImpl(TypeId ty);
-    std::pair<std::optional<TypePackId>, bool> reduceImpl(TypePackId tp);
+    DenseHashMap<TypeId, detail::ReductionContext<TypeId>> memoizedTypes{nullptr};
+    DenseHashMap<TypePackId, detail::ReductionContext<TypePackId>> memoizedTypePacks{nullptr};
 
     // Computes an *estimated length* of the cartesian product of the given type.
     size_t cartesianProductSize(TypeId ty) const;
diff --git a/Analysis/include/Luau/VisitType.h b/Analysis/include/Luau/VisitType.h
index fdac6585..e0ab12e7 100644
--- a/Analysis/include/Luau/VisitType.h
+++ b/Analysis/include/Luau/VisitType.h
@@ -318,7 +318,10 @@ struct GenericTypeVisitor
             }
         }
         else if (auto ntv = get<NegationType>(ty))
-            visit(ty, *ntv);
+        {
+            if (visit(ty, *ntv))
+                traverse(ntv->ty);
+        }
         else if (!FFlag::LuauCompleteVisitor)
             return visit_detail::unsee(seen, ty);
         else
diff --git a/Analysis/src/AstQuery.cpp b/Analysis/src/AstQuery.cpp
index ffab734a..e95b0017 100644
--- a/Analysis/src/AstQuery.cpp
+++ b/Analysis/src/AstQuery.cpp
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauCompleteTableKeysBetter);
+LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(SupportTypeAliasGoToDeclaration, false);
 
 namespace Luau
 {
@@ -183,14 +184,31 @@ struct FindFullAncestry final : public AstVisitor
     std::vector<AstNode*> nodes;
     Position pos;
     Position documentEnd;
+    bool includeTypes = false;
 
-    explicit FindFullAncestry(Position pos, Position documentEnd)
+    explicit FindFullAncestry(Position pos, Position documentEnd, bool includeTypes = false)
         : pos(pos)
         , documentEnd(documentEnd)
+        , includeTypes(includeTypes)
     {
     }
 
-    bool visit(AstNode* node)
+    bool visit(AstType* type) override
+    {
+        if (FFlag::SupportTypeAliasGoToDeclaration)
+        {
+            if (includeTypes)
+                return visit(static_cast<AstNode*>(type));
+            else
+                return false;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return AstVisitor::visit(type);
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool visit(AstNode* node) override
     {
         if (node->location.contains(pos))
         {
@@ -220,13 +238,13 @@ std::vector<AstNode*> findAncestryAtPositionForAutocomplete(const SourceModule&
     return finder.ancestry;
 }
 
-std::vector<AstNode*> findAstAncestryOfPosition(const SourceModule& source, Position pos)
+std::vector<AstNode*> findAstAncestryOfPosition(const SourceModule& source, Position pos, bool includeTypes)
 {
     const Position end = source.root->location.end;
     if (pos > end)
         pos = end;
 
-    FindFullAncestry finder(pos, end);
+    FindFullAncestry finder(pos, end, includeTypes);
     source.root->visit(&finder);
     return finder.nodes;
 }
diff --git a/Analysis/src/Autocomplete.cpp b/Analysis/src/Autocomplete.cpp
index dd75aa02..4e5403f8 100644
--- a/Analysis/src/Autocomplete.cpp
+++ b/Analysis/src/Autocomplete.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@
 
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauCompleteTableKeysBetter, false);
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauFixAutocompleteInIf, false);
+LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauFixAutocompleteInWhile, false);
+LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauFixAutocompleteInFor, false);
+LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauAutocompleteStringContent, false);
 
 static const std::unordered_set<std::string> kStatementStartingKeywords = {
     "while", "if", "local", "repeat", "function", "do", "for", "return", "break", "continue", "type", "export"};
@@ -1265,6 +1268,9 @@ static bool isSimpleInterpolatedString(const AstNode* node)
 
 static std::optional<std::string> getStringContents(const AstNode* node)
 {
+    if (!FFlag::LuauAutocompleteStringContent)
+        return std::nullopt;
+
     if (const AstExprConstantString* string = node->as<AstExprConstantString>())
     {
         return std::string(string->value.data, string->value.size);
@@ -1314,8 +1320,7 @@ static std::optional<AutocompleteEntryMap> autocompleteStringParams(const Source
 
     std::optional<std::string> candidateString = getStringContents(nodes.back());
 
-    auto performCallback = [&](const FunctionType* funcType) -> std::optional<AutocompleteEntryMap>
-    {
+    auto performCallback = [&](const FunctionType* funcType) -> std::optional<AutocompleteEntryMap> {
         for (const std::string& tag : funcType->tags)
         {
             if (std::optional<AutocompleteEntryMap> ret = callback(tag, getMethodContainingClass(module, candidate->func), candidateString))
@@ -1349,6 +1354,15 @@ static std::optional<AutocompleteEntryMap> autocompleteStringParams(const Source
     return std::nullopt;
 }
 
+static AutocompleteResult autocompleteWhileLoopKeywords(std::vector<AstNode*> ancestry)
+{
+    AutocompleteEntryMap ret;
+    ret["do"] = {AutocompleteEntryKind::Keyword};
+    ret["and"] = {AutocompleteEntryKind::Keyword};
+    ret["or"] = {AutocompleteEntryKind::Keyword};
+    return {std::move(ret), std::move(ancestry), AutocompleteContext::Keyword};
+}
+
 static AutocompleteResult autocomplete(const SourceModule& sourceModule, const ModulePtr& module, NotNull<BuiltinTypes> builtinTypes,
     TypeArena* typeArena, Scope* globalScope, Position position, StringCompletionCallback callback)
 {
@@ -1407,13 +1421,24 @@ static AutocompleteResult autocomplete(const SourceModule& sourceModule, const M
     {
         if (!statFor->hasDo || position < statFor->doLocation.begin)
         {
-            if (!statFor->from->is<AstExprError>() && !statFor->to->is<AstExprError>() && (!statFor->step || !statFor->step->is<AstExprError>()))
-                return {{{"do", AutocompleteEntry{AutocompleteEntryKind::Keyword}}}, ancestry, AutocompleteContext::Keyword};
+            if (FFlag::LuauFixAutocompleteInFor)
+            {
+                if (statFor->from->location.containsClosed(position) || statFor->to->location.containsClosed(position) ||
+                    (statFor->step && statFor->step->location.containsClosed(position)))
+                    return autocompleteExpression(sourceModule, *module, builtinTypes, typeArena, ancestry, position);
 
-            if (statFor->from->location.containsClosed(position) || statFor->to->location.containsClosed(position) ||
-                (statFor->step && statFor->step->location.containsClosed(position)))
-                return autocompleteExpression(sourceModule, *module, builtinTypes, typeArena, ancestry, position);
+                if (!statFor->from->is<AstExprError>() && !statFor->to->is<AstExprError>() && (!statFor->step || !statFor->step->is<AstExprError>()))
+                    return {{{"do", AutocompleteEntry{AutocompleteEntryKind::Keyword}}}, ancestry, AutocompleteContext::Keyword};
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (!statFor->from->is<AstExprError>() && !statFor->to->is<AstExprError>() && (!statFor->step || !statFor->step->is<AstExprError>()))
+                    return {{{"do", AutocompleteEntry{AutocompleteEntryKind::Keyword}}}, ancestry, AutocompleteContext::Keyword};
 
+                if (statFor->from->location.containsClosed(position) || statFor->to->location.containsClosed(position) ||
+                    (statFor->step && statFor->step->location.containsClosed(position)))
+                    return autocompleteExpression(sourceModule, *module, builtinTypes, typeArena, ancestry, position);
+            }
             return {};
         }
 
@@ -1463,7 +1488,16 @@ static AutocompleteResult autocomplete(const SourceModule& sourceModule, const M
     else if (AstStatWhile* statWhile = parent->as<AstStatWhile>(); node->is<AstStatBlock>() && statWhile)
     {
         if (!statWhile->hasDo && !statWhile->condition->is<AstStatError>() && position > statWhile->condition->location.end)
-            return {{{"do", AutocompleteEntry{AutocompleteEntryKind::Keyword}}}, ancestry, AutocompleteContext::Keyword};
+        {
+            if (FFlag::LuauFixAutocompleteInWhile)
+            {
+                return autocompleteWhileLoopKeywords(ancestry);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return {{{"do", AutocompleteEntry{AutocompleteEntryKind::Keyword}}}, ancestry, AutocompleteContext::Keyword};
+            }
+        }
 
         if (!statWhile->hasDo || position < statWhile->doLocation.begin)
             return autocompleteExpression(sourceModule, *module, builtinTypes, typeArena, ancestry, position);
@@ -1472,9 +1506,20 @@ static AutocompleteResult autocomplete(const SourceModule& sourceModule, const M
             return {autocompleteStatement(sourceModule, *module, ancestry, position), ancestry, AutocompleteContext::Statement};
     }
 
-    else if (AstStatWhile* statWhile = extractStat<AstStatWhile>(ancestry); statWhile && !statWhile->hasDo)
-        return {{{"do", AutocompleteEntry{AutocompleteEntryKind::Keyword}}}, ancestry, AutocompleteContext::Keyword};
-
+    else if (AstStatWhile* statWhile = extractStat<AstStatWhile>(ancestry);
+             FFlag::LuauFixAutocompleteInWhile ? (statWhile && (!statWhile->hasDo || statWhile->doLocation.containsClosed(position)) &&
+                                                     statWhile->condition && !statWhile->condition->location.containsClosed(position))
+                                               : (statWhile && !statWhile->hasDo))
+    {
+        if (FFlag::LuauFixAutocompleteInWhile)
+        {
+            return autocompleteWhileLoopKeywords(ancestry);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return {{{"do", AutocompleteEntry{AutocompleteEntryKind::Keyword}}}, ancestry, AutocompleteContext::Keyword};
+        }
+    }
     else if (AstStatIf* statIf = node->as<AstStatIf>(); statIf && !statIf->elseLocation.has_value())
     {
         return {{{"else", AutocompleteEntry{AutocompleteEntryKind::Keyword}}, {"elseif", AutocompleteEntry{AutocompleteEntryKind::Keyword}}},
@@ -1488,7 +1533,7 @@ static AutocompleteResult autocomplete(const SourceModule& sourceModule, const M
             return {{{"then", AutocompleteEntry{AutocompleteEntryKind::Keyword}}}, ancestry, AutocompleteContext::Keyword};
     }
     else if (AstStatIf* statIf = extractStat<AstStatIf>(ancestry);
-             statIf && (!statIf->thenLocation || statIf->thenLocation->containsClosed(position)) && 
+             statIf && (!statIf->thenLocation || statIf->thenLocation->containsClosed(position)) &&
              (!FFlag::LuauFixAutocompleteInIf || (statIf->condition && !statIf->condition->location.containsClosed(position))))
     {
         if (FFlag::LuauFixAutocompleteInIf)
diff --git a/Analysis/src/BuiltinDefinitions.cpp b/Analysis/src/BuiltinDefinitions.cpp
index 26aaf54f..1fb915e9 100644
--- a/Analysis/src/BuiltinDefinitions.cpp
+++ b/Analysis/src/BuiltinDefinitions.cpp
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 
-LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauSetMetaTableArgsCheck, false)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauUnknownAndNeverType)
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauBuiltInMetatableNoBadSynthetic, false)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauReportShadowedTypeAlias)
@@ -583,7 +582,7 @@ static std::optional<WithPredicate<TypePackId>> magicFunctionSetMetaTable(
 
             TypeId mtTy = arena.addType(mtv);
 
-            if (FFlag::LuauSetMetaTableArgsCheck && expr.args.size < 1)
+            if (expr.args.size < 1)
             {
                 if (FFlag::LuauUnknownAndNeverType)
                     return std::nullopt;
@@ -591,7 +590,7 @@ static std::optional<WithPredicate<TypePackId>> magicFunctionSetMetaTable(
                     return WithPredicate<TypePackId>{};
             }
 
-            if (!FFlag::LuauSetMetaTableArgsCheck || !expr.self)
+            if (!expr.self)
             {
                 AstExpr* targetExpr = expr.args.data[0];
                 if (AstExprLocal* targetLocal = targetExpr->as<AstExprLocal>())
diff --git a/Analysis/src/ConstraintGraphBuilder.cpp b/Analysis/src/ConstraintGraphBuilder.cpp
index 6a80fed2..7181e4f0 100644
--- a/Analysis/src/ConstraintGraphBuilder.cpp
+++ b/Analysis/src/ConstraintGraphBuilder.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ LUAU_FASTFLAG(DebugLuauLogSolverToJson);
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(DebugLuauMagicTypes);
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauNegatedClassTypes);
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauScopelessModule);
+LUAU_FASTFLAG(SupportTypeAliasGoToDeclaration);
 
 namespace Luau
 {
@@ -418,7 +419,7 @@ void ConstraintGraphBuilder::visit(const ScopePtr& scope, AstStatLocal* local)
         TypeId ty = nullptr;
 
         if (local->annotation)
-            ty = resolveType(scope, local->annotation, /* topLevel */ true);
+            ty = resolveType(scope, local->annotation, /* inTypeArguments */ false);
 
         varTypes.push_back(ty);
     }
@@ -521,8 +522,12 @@ void ConstraintGraphBuilder::visit(const ScopePtr& scope, AstStatLocal* local)
                     const Name name{local->vars.data[i]->name.value};
 
                     if (ModulePtr module = moduleResolver->getModule(moduleInfo->name))
+                    {
                         scope->importedTypeBindings[name] =
                             FFlag::LuauScopelessModule ? module->exportedTypeBindings : module->getModuleScope()->exportedTypeBindings;
+                        if (FFlag::SupportTypeAliasGoToDeclaration)
+                            scope->importedModules[name] = moduleName;
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -775,7 +780,7 @@ void ConstraintGraphBuilder::visit(const ScopePtr& scope, AstStatTypeAlias* alia
     }
 
     ScopePtr resolvingScope = *defnIt;
-    TypeId ty = resolveType(resolvingScope, alias->type, /* topLevel */ true);
+    TypeId ty = resolveType(resolvingScope, alias->type, /* inTypeArguments */ false);
 
     if (alias->exported)
     {
@@ -798,7 +803,7 @@ void ConstraintGraphBuilder::visit(const ScopePtr& scope, AstStatDeclareGlobal*
 {
     LUAU_ASSERT(global->type);
 
-    TypeId globalTy = resolveType(scope, global->type);
+    TypeId globalTy = resolveType(scope, global->type, /* inTypeArguments */ false);
     Name globalName(global->name.value);
 
     module->declaredGlobals[globalName] = globalTy;
@@ -854,7 +859,7 @@ void ConstraintGraphBuilder::visit(const ScopePtr& scope, AstStatDeclareClass* d
     for (const AstDeclaredClassProp& prop : declaredClass->props)
     {
         Name propName(prop.name.value);
-        TypeId propTy = resolveType(scope, prop.ty);
+        TypeId propTy = resolveType(scope, prop.ty, /* inTypeArguments */ false);
 
         bool assignToMetatable = isMetamethod(propName);
 
@@ -937,8 +942,8 @@ void ConstraintGraphBuilder::visit(const ScopePtr& scope, AstStatDeclareFunction
     if (!generics.empty() || !genericPacks.empty())
         funScope = childScope(global, scope);
 
-    TypePackId paramPack = resolveTypePack(funScope, global->params);
-    TypePackId retPack = resolveTypePack(funScope, global->retTypes);
+    TypePackId paramPack = resolveTypePack(funScope, global->params, /* inTypeArguments */ false);
+    TypePackId retPack = resolveTypePack(funScope, global->retTypes, /* inTypeArguments */ false);
     TypeId fnType = arena->addType(FunctionType{TypeLevel{}, funScope.get(), std::move(genericTys), std::move(genericTps), paramPack, retPack});
     FunctionType* ftv = getMutable<FunctionType>(fnType);
 
@@ -1501,7 +1506,7 @@ Inference ConstraintGraphBuilder::check(const ScopePtr& scope, AstExprIfElse* if
 Inference ConstraintGraphBuilder::check(const ScopePtr& scope, AstExprTypeAssertion* typeAssert)
 {
     check(scope, typeAssert->expr, std::nullopt);
-    return Inference{resolveType(scope, typeAssert->annotation)};
+    return Inference{resolveType(scope, typeAssert->annotation, /* inTypeArguments */ false)};
 }
 
 std::tuple<TypeId, TypeId, ConnectiveId> ConstraintGraphBuilder::checkBinary(
@@ -1563,7 +1568,7 @@ std::tuple<TypeId, TypeId, ConnectiveId> ConstraintGraphBuilder::checkBinary(
             TypeId ty = follow(typeFun->type);
 
             // We're only interested in the root class of any classes.
-            if (auto ctv = get<ClassType>(ty); !ctv || !ctv->parent)
+            if (auto ctv = get<ClassType>(ty); !ctv || (FFlag::LuauNegatedClassTypes ? (ctv->parent == builtinTypes->classType) : !ctv->parent))
                 discriminantTy = ty;
         }
 
@@ -1618,39 +1623,6 @@ TypePackId ConstraintGraphBuilder::checkLValues(const ScopePtr& scope, AstArray<
     return arena->addTypePack(std::move(types));
 }
 
-/**
- * If the expr is a dotted set of names, and if the root symbol refers to an
- * unsealed table, return that table type, plus the indeces that follow as a
- * vector.
- */
-static std::optional<std::pair<Symbol, std::vector<const char*>>> extractDottedName(AstExpr* expr)
-{
-    std::vector<const char*> names;
-
-    while (expr)
-    {
-        if (auto global = expr->as<AstExprGlobal>())
-        {
-            std::reverse(begin(names), end(names));
-            return std::pair{global->name, std::move(names)};
-        }
-        else if (auto local = expr->as<AstExprLocal>())
-        {
-            std::reverse(begin(names), end(names));
-            return std::pair{local->local, std::move(names)};
-        }
-        else if (auto indexName = expr->as<AstExprIndexName>())
-        {
-            names.push_back(indexName->index.value);
-            expr = indexName->expr;
-        }
-        else
-            return std::nullopt;
-    }
-
-    return std::nullopt;
-}
-
 /**
  * This function is mostly about identifying properties that are being inserted into unsealed tables.
  *
@@ -1671,13 +1643,38 @@ TypeId ConstraintGraphBuilder::checkLValue(const ScopePtr& scope, AstExpr* expr)
     else if (!expr->is<AstExprIndexName>())
         return check(scope, expr).ty;
 
-    auto dottedPath = extractDottedName(expr);
-    if (!dottedPath)
-        return check(scope, expr).ty;
-    const auto [sym, segments] = std::move(*dottedPath);
+    Symbol sym;
+    std::vector<std::string> segments;
+    std::vector<AstExpr*> exprs;
+
+    AstExpr* e = expr;
+    while (e)
+    {
+        if (auto global = e->as<AstExprGlobal>())
+        {
+            sym = global->name;
+            break;
+        }
+        else if (auto local = e->as<AstExprLocal>())
+        {
+            sym = local->local;
+            break;
+        }
+        else if (auto indexName = e->as<AstExprIndexName>())
+        {
+            segments.push_back(indexName->index.value);
+            exprs.push_back(e);
+            e = indexName->expr;
+        }
+        else
+            return check(scope, expr).ty;
+    }
 
     LUAU_ASSERT(!segments.empty());
 
+    std::reverse(begin(segments), end(segments));
+    std::reverse(begin(exprs), end(exprs));
+
     auto lookupResult = scope->lookupEx(sym);
     if (!lookupResult)
         return check(scope, expr).ty;
@@ -1695,7 +1692,18 @@ TypeId ConstraintGraphBuilder::checkLValue(const ScopePtr& scope, AstExpr* expr)
     symbolScope->bindings[sym].typeId = updatedType;
     symbolScope->dcrRefinements[*def] = updatedType;
 
-    astTypes[expr] = propTy;
+    TypeId prevSegmentTy = updatedType;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < segments.size(); ++i)
+    {
+        TypeId segmentTy = arena->addType(BlockedType{});
+        astTypes[exprs[i]] = segmentTy;
+        addConstraint(scope, expr->location, HasPropConstraint{segmentTy, prevSegmentTy, segments[i]});
+        prevSegmentTy = segmentTy;
+    }
+
+    astTypes[expr] = prevSegmentTy;
+    astTypes[e] = updatedType;
+    // astTypes[expr] = propTy;
 
     return propTy;
 }
@@ -1845,7 +1853,7 @@ ConstraintGraphBuilder::FunctionSignature ConstraintGraphBuilder::checkFunctionS
 
         if (local->annotation)
         {
-            annotationTy = resolveType(signatureScope, local->annotation, /* topLevel */ true);
+            annotationTy = resolveType(signatureScope, local->annotation, /* inTypeArguments */ false);
             addConstraint(signatureScope, local->annotation->location, SubtypeConstraint{t, annotationTy});
         }
         else if (i < expectedArgPack.head.size())
@@ -1866,7 +1874,7 @@ ConstraintGraphBuilder::FunctionSignature ConstraintGraphBuilder::checkFunctionS
     {
         if (fn->varargAnnotation)
         {
-            TypePackId annotationType = resolveTypePack(signatureScope, fn->varargAnnotation);
+            TypePackId annotationType = resolveTypePack(signatureScope, fn->varargAnnotation, /* inTypeArguments */ false);
             varargPack = annotationType;
         }
         else if (expectedArgPack.tail && get<VariadicTypePack>(*expectedArgPack.tail))
@@ -1893,7 +1901,7 @@ ConstraintGraphBuilder::FunctionSignature ConstraintGraphBuilder::checkFunctionS
     // Type checking will sort out any discrepancies later.
     if (fn->returnAnnotation)
     {
-        TypePackId annotatedRetType = resolveTypePack(signatureScope, *fn->returnAnnotation);
+        TypePackId annotatedRetType = resolveTypePack(signatureScope, *fn->returnAnnotation, /* inTypeArguments */ false);
 
         // We bind the annotated type directly here so that, when we need to
         // generate constraints for return types, we have a guarantee that we
@@ -1942,7 +1950,7 @@ void ConstraintGraphBuilder::checkFunctionBody(const ScopePtr& scope, AstExprFun
     }
 }
 
-TypeId ConstraintGraphBuilder::resolveType(const ScopePtr& scope, AstType* ty, bool topLevel)
+TypeId ConstraintGraphBuilder::resolveType(const ScopePtr& scope, AstType* ty, bool inTypeArguments)
 {
     TypeId result = nullptr;
 
@@ -1960,7 +1968,7 @@ TypeId ConstraintGraphBuilder::resolveType(const ScopePtr& scope, AstType* ty, b
                     return builtinTypes->errorRecoveryType();
                 }
                 else
-                    return resolveType(scope, ref->parameters.data[0].type, topLevel);
+                    return resolveType(scope, ref->parameters.data[0].type, inTypeArguments);
             }
         }
 
@@ -1994,11 +2002,11 @@ TypeId ConstraintGraphBuilder::resolveType(const ScopePtr& scope, AstType* ty, b
                     // that is done in the parser.
                     if (p.type)
                     {
-                        parameters.push_back(resolveType(scope, p.type));
+                        parameters.push_back(resolveType(scope, p.type, /* inTypeArguments */ true));
                     }
                     else if (p.typePack)
                     {
-                        packParameters.push_back(resolveTypePack(scope, p.typePack));
+                        packParameters.push_back(resolveTypePack(scope, p.typePack, /* inTypeArguments */ true));
                     }
                     else
                     {
@@ -2010,10 +2018,11 @@ TypeId ConstraintGraphBuilder::resolveType(const ScopePtr& scope, AstType* ty, b
 
                 result = arena->addType(PendingExpansionType{ref->prefix, ref->name, parameters, packParameters});
 
-                if (topLevel)
-                {
+                // If we're not in a type argument context, we need to create a constraint that expands this.
+                // The dispatching of the above constraint will queue up additional constraints for nested
+                // type function applications.
+                if (!inTypeArguments)
                     addConstraint(scope, ty->location, TypeAliasExpansionConstraint{/* target */ result});
-                }
             }
         }
         else
@@ -2035,7 +2044,7 @@ TypeId ConstraintGraphBuilder::resolveType(const ScopePtr& scope, AstType* ty, b
         {
             std::string name = prop.name.value;
             // TODO: Recursion limit.
-            TypeId propTy = resolveType(scope, prop.type);
+            TypeId propTy = resolveType(scope, prop.type, inTypeArguments);
             // TODO: Fill in location.
             props[name] = {propTy};
         }
@@ -2044,8 +2053,8 @@ TypeId ConstraintGraphBuilder::resolveType(const ScopePtr& scope, AstType* ty, b
         {
             // TODO: Recursion limit.
             indexer = TableIndexer{
-                resolveType(scope, tab->indexer->indexType),
-                resolveType(scope, tab->indexer->resultType),
+                resolveType(scope, tab->indexer->indexType, inTypeArguments),
+                resolveType(scope, tab->indexer->resultType, inTypeArguments),
             };
         }
 
@@ -2089,8 +2098,8 @@ TypeId ConstraintGraphBuilder::resolveType(const ScopePtr& scope, AstType* ty, b
             signatureScope = scope;
         }
 
-        TypePackId argTypes = resolveTypePack(signatureScope, fn->argTypes);
-        TypePackId returnTypes = resolveTypePack(signatureScope, fn->returnTypes);
+        TypePackId argTypes = resolveTypePack(signatureScope, fn->argTypes, inTypeArguments);
+        TypePackId returnTypes = resolveTypePack(signatureScope, fn->returnTypes, inTypeArguments);
 
         // TODO: FunctionType needs a pointer to the scope so that we know
         // how to quantify/instantiate it.
@@ -2130,7 +2139,7 @@ TypeId ConstraintGraphBuilder::resolveType(const ScopePtr& scope, AstType* ty, b
         for (AstType* part : unionAnnotation->types)
         {
             // TODO: Recursion limit.
-            parts.push_back(resolveType(scope, part, topLevel));
+            parts.push_back(resolveType(scope, part, inTypeArguments));
         }
 
         result = arena->addType(UnionType{parts});
@@ -2141,7 +2150,7 @@ TypeId ConstraintGraphBuilder::resolveType(const ScopePtr& scope, AstType* ty, b
         for (AstType* part : intersectionAnnotation->types)
         {
             // TODO: Recursion limit.
-            parts.push_back(resolveType(scope, part, topLevel));
+            parts.push_back(resolveType(scope, part, inTypeArguments));
         }
 
         result = arena->addType(IntersectionType{parts});
@@ -2168,16 +2177,16 @@ TypeId ConstraintGraphBuilder::resolveType(const ScopePtr& scope, AstType* ty, b
     return result;
 }
 
-TypePackId ConstraintGraphBuilder::resolveTypePack(const ScopePtr& scope, AstTypePack* tp)
+TypePackId ConstraintGraphBuilder::resolveTypePack(const ScopePtr& scope, AstTypePack* tp, bool inTypeArgument)
 {
     TypePackId result;
     if (auto expl = tp->as<AstTypePackExplicit>())
     {
-        result = resolveTypePack(scope, expl->typeList);
+        result = resolveTypePack(scope, expl->typeList, inTypeArgument);
     }
     else if (auto var = tp->as<AstTypePackVariadic>())
     {
-        TypeId ty = resolveType(scope, var->variadicType);
+        TypeId ty = resolveType(scope, var->variadicType, inTypeArgument);
         result = arena->addTypePack(TypePackVar{VariadicTypePack{ty}});
     }
     else if (auto gen = tp->as<AstTypePackGeneric>())
@@ -2202,19 +2211,19 @@ TypePackId ConstraintGraphBuilder::resolveTypePack(const ScopePtr& scope, AstTyp
     return result;
 }
 
-TypePackId ConstraintGraphBuilder::resolveTypePack(const ScopePtr& scope, const AstTypeList& list)
+TypePackId ConstraintGraphBuilder::resolveTypePack(const ScopePtr& scope, const AstTypeList& list, bool inTypeArguments)
 {
     std::vector<TypeId> head;
 
     for (AstType* headTy : list.types)
     {
-        head.push_back(resolveType(scope, headTy));
+        head.push_back(resolveType(scope, headTy, inTypeArguments));
     }
 
     std::optional<TypePackId> tail = std::nullopt;
     if (list.tailType)
     {
-        tail = resolveTypePack(scope, list.tailType);
+        tail = resolveTypePack(scope, list.tailType, inTypeArguments);
     }
 
     return arena->addTypePack(TypePack{head, tail});
@@ -2229,7 +2238,7 @@ std::vector<std::pair<Name, GenericTypeDefinition>> ConstraintGraphBuilder::crea
         std::optional<TypeId> defaultTy = std::nullopt;
 
         if (generic.defaultValue)
-            defaultTy = resolveType(scope, generic.defaultValue);
+            defaultTy = resolveType(scope, generic.defaultValue, /* inTypeArguments */ false);
 
         result.push_back({generic.name.value, GenericTypeDefinition{genericTy, defaultTy}});
     }
@@ -2247,7 +2256,7 @@ std::vector<std::pair<Name, GenericTypePackDefinition>> ConstraintGraphBuilder::
         std::optional<TypePackId> defaultTy = std::nullopt;
 
         if (generic.defaultValue)
-            defaultTy = resolveTypePack(scope, generic.defaultValue);
+            defaultTy = resolveTypePack(scope, generic.defaultValue, /* inTypeArguments */ false);
 
         result.push_back({generic.name.value, GenericTypePackDefinition{genericTy, defaultTy}});
     }
diff --git a/Analysis/src/ConstraintSolver.cpp b/Analysis/src/ConstraintSolver.cpp
index 8092144c..3fbd7d9e 100644
--- a/Analysis/src/ConstraintSolver.cpp
+++ b/Analysis/src/ConstraintSolver.cpp
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ bool ConstraintSolver::tryDispatch(NotNull<const Constraint> constraint, bool fo
     else if (auto hpc = get<HasPropConstraint>(*constraint))
         success = tryDispatch(*hpc, constraint);
     else if (auto spc = get<SetPropConstraint>(*constraint))
-        success = tryDispatch(*spc, constraint);
+        success = tryDispatch(*spc, constraint, force);
     else if (auto sottc = get<SingletonOrTopTypeConstraint>(*constraint))
         success = tryDispatch(*sottc, constraint);
     else
@@ -933,13 +933,11 @@ struct InfiniteTypeFinder : TypeOnceVisitor
 struct InstantiationQueuer : TypeOnceVisitor
 {
     ConstraintSolver* solver;
-    const InstantiationSignature& signature;
     NotNull<Scope> scope;
     Location location;
 
-    explicit InstantiationQueuer(NotNull<Scope> scope, const Location& location, ConstraintSolver* solver, const InstantiationSignature& signature)
+    explicit InstantiationQueuer(NotNull<Scope> scope, const Location& location, ConstraintSolver* solver)
         : solver(solver)
-        , signature(signature)
         , scope(scope)
         , location(location)
     {
@@ -1061,8 +1059,17 @@ bool ConstraintSolver::tryDispatch(const TypeAliasExpansionConstraint& c, NotNul
     TypeId instantiated = *maybeInstantiated;
     TypeId target = follow(instantiated);
 
+    // The application is not recursive, so we need to queue up application of
+    // any child type function instantiations within the result in order for it
+    // to be complete.
+    InstantiationQueuer queuer{constraint->scope, constraint->location, this};
+    queuer.traverse(target);
+
     if (target->persistent)
+    {
+        bindResult(target);
         return true;
+    }
 
     // Type function application will happily give us the exact same type if
     // there are e.g. generic saturatedTypeArguments that go unused.
@@ -1102,12 +1109,6 @@ bool ConstraintSolver::tryDispatch(const TypeAliasExpansionConstraint& c, NotNul
 
     bindResult(target);
 
-    // The application is not recursive, so we need to queue up application of
-    // any child type function instantiations within the result in order for it
-    // to be complete.
-    InstantiationQueuer queuer{constraint->scope, constraint->location, this, signature};
-    queuer.traverse(target);
-
     instantiatedAliases[signature] = target;
 
     return true;
@@ -1326,13 +1327,16 @@ static std::optional<TypeId> updateTheTableType(NotNull<TypeArena> arena, TypeId
     return res;
 }
 
-bool ConstraintSolver::tryDispatch(const SetPropConstraint& c, NotNull<const Constraint> constraint)
+bool ConstraintSolver::tryDispatch(const SetPropConstraint& c, NotNull<const Constraint> constraint, bool force)
 {
     TypeId subjectType = follow(c.subjectType);
 
     if (isBlocked(subjectType))
         return block(subjectType, constraint);
 
+    if (!force && get<FreeType>(subjectType))
+        return block(subjectType, constraint);
+
     std::optional<TypeId> existingPropType = subjectType;
     for (const std::string& segment : c.path)
     {
@@ -1399,6 +1403,13 @@ bool ConstraintSolver::tryDispatch(const SetPropConstraint& c, NotNull<const Con
             return true;
         }
     }
+    else if (get<ClassType>(subjectType))
+    {
+        // Classes never change shape as a result of property assignments.
+        // The result is always the subject.
+        bind(c.resultType, subjectType);
+        return true;
+    }
     else if (get<AnyType>(subjectType) || get<ErrorType>(subjectType))
     {
         bind(c.resultType, subjectType);
diff --git a/Analysis/src/Linter.cpp b/Analysis/src/Linter.cpp
index 4250b311..752259bd 100644
--- a/Analysis/src/Linter.cpp
+++ b/Analysis/src/Linter.cpp
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 #include <limits.h>
 
 LUAU_FASTINTVARIABLE(LuauSuggestionDistance, 4)
-LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauLintGlobalNeverReadBeforeWritten, false)
 
 namespace Luau
 {
@@ -331,8 +330,7 @@ private:
                         "Global '%s' is only used in the enclosing function defined at line %d; consider changing it to local",
                         g.firstRef->name.value, top->location.begin.line + 1);
             }
-            else if (FFlag::LuauLintGlobalNeverReadBeforeWritten && g.assigned && !g.readBeforeWritten && !g.definedInModuleScope &&
-                     g.firstRef->name != context->placeholder)
+            else if (g.assigned && !g.readBeforeWritten && !g.definedInModuleScope && g.firstRef->name != context->placeholder)
             {
                 emitWarning(*context, LintWarning::Code_GlobalUsedAsLocal, g.firstRef->location,
                     "Global '%s' is never read before being written. Consider changing it to local", g.firstRef->name.value);
@@ -353,7 +351,7 @@ private:
 
     bool visit(AstExprGlobal* node) override
     {
-        if (FFlag::LuauLintGlobalNeverReadBeforeWritten && !functionStack.empty() && !functionStack.back().dominatedGlobals.contains(node->name))
+        if (!functionStack.empty() && !functionStack.back().dominatedGlobals.contains(node->name))
         {
             Global& g = globals[node->name];
             g.readBeforeWritten = true;
@@ -386,18 +384,15 @@ private:
             {
                 Global& g = globals[gv->name];
 
-                if (FFlag::LuauLintGlobalNeverReadBeforeWritten)
+                if (functionStack.empty())
                 {
-                    if (functionStack.empty())
+                    g.definedInModuleScope = true;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    if (!functionStack.back().conditionalExecution)
                     {
-                        g.definedInModuleScope = true;
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        if (!functionStack.back().conditionalExecution)
-                        {
-                            functionStack.back().dominatedGlobals.insert(gv->name);
-                        }
+                        functionStack.back().dominatedGlobals.insert(gv->name);
                     }
                 }
 
@@ -437,11 +432,8 @@ private:
             else
             {
                 g.assigned = true;
-                if (FFlag::LuauLintGlobalNeverReadBeforeWritten)
-                {
-                    g.definedAsFunction = true;
-                    g.definedInModuleScope = functionStack.empty();
-                }
+                g.definedAsFunction = true;
+                g.definedInModuleScope = functionStack.empty();
             }
 
             trackGlobalRef(gv);
@@ -475,9 +467,6 @@ private:
 
     bool visit(AstStatIf* node) override
     {
-        if (!FFlag::LuauLintGlobalNeverReadBeforeWritten)
-            return true;
-
         HoldConditionalExecution ce(*this);
         node->condition->visit(this);
         node->thenbody->visit(this);
@@ -489,9 +478,6 @@ private:
 
     bool visit(AstStatWhile* node) override
     {
-        if (!FFlag::LuauLintGlobalNeverReadBeforeWritten)
-            return true;
-
         HoldConditionalExecution ce(*this);
         node->condition->visit(this);
         node->body->visit(this);
@@ -501,9 +487,6 @@ private:
 
     bool visit(AstStatRepeat* node) override
     {
-        if (!FFlag::LuauLintGlobalNeverReadBeforeWritten)
-            return true;
-
         HoldConditionalExecution ce(*this);
         node->condition->visit(this);
         node->body->visit(this);
@@ -513,9 +496,6 @@ private:
 
     bool visit(AstStatFor* node) override
     {
-        if (!FFlag::LuauLintGlobalNeverReadBeforeWritten)
-            return true;
-
         HoldConditionalExecution ce(*this);
         node->from->visit(this);
         node->to->visit(this);
@@ -530,9 +510,6 @@ private:
 
     bool visit(AstStatForIn* node) override
     {
-        if (!FFlag::LuauLintGlobalNeverReadBeforeWritten)
-            return true;
-
         HoldConditionalExecution ce(*this);
         for (AstExpr* expr : node->values)
             expr->visit(this);
diff --git a/Analysis/src/Normalize.cpp b/Analysis/src/Normalize.cpp
index e19d48f8..901144e4 100644
--- a/Analysis/src/Normalize.cpp
+++ b/Analysis/src/Normalize.cpp
@@ -17,13 +17,10 @@ LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(DebugLuauCheckNormalizeInvariant, false)
 // This could theoretically be 2000 on amd64, but x86 requires this.
 LUAU_FASTINTVARIABLE(LuauNormalizeIterationLimit, 1200);
 LUAU_FASTINTVARIABLE(LuauNormalizeCacheLimit, 100000);
-LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauNormalizeCombineTableFix, false);
-LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauTypeNormalization2, false);
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauNegatedClassTypes, false);
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauNegatedFunctionTypes, false);
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauUnknownAndNeverType)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(DebugLuauDeferredConstraintResolution)
-LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauOverloadedFunctionSubtypingPerf);
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauUninhabitedSubAnything2)
 
 namespace Luau
@@ -2165,7 +2162,7 @@ std::optional<TypeId> Normalizer::intersectionOfFunctions(TypeId here, TypeId th
         argTypes = *argTypesOpt;
         retTypes = hftv->retTypes;
     }
-    else if (FFlag::LuauOverloadedFunctionSubtypingPerf && hftv->argTypes == tftv->argTypes)
+    else if (hftv->argTypes == tftv->argTypes)
     {
         std::optional<TypePackId> retTypesOpt = intersectionOfTypePacks(hftv->argTypes, tftv->argTypes);
         if (!retTypesOpt)
diff --git a/Analysis/src/Quantify.cpp b/Analysis/src/Quantify.cpp
index 22c5875b..aac7864a 100644
--- a/Analysis/src/Quantify.cpp
+++ b/Analysis/src/Quantify.cpp
@@ -157,6 +157,8 @@ struct PureQuantifier : Substitution
     Scope* scope;
     std::vector<TypeId> insertedGenerics;
     std::vector<TypePackId> insertedGenericPacks;
+    bool seenMutableType = false;
+    bool seenGenericType = false;
 
     PureQuantifier(TypeArena* arena, Scope* scope)
         : Substitution(TxnLog::empty(), arena)
@@ -170,11 +172,18 @@ struct PureQuantifier : Substitution
 
         if (auto ftv = get<FreeType>(ty))
         {
-            return subsumes(scope, ftv->scope);
+            bool result = subsumes(scope, ftv->scope);
+            seenMutableType |= result;
+            return result;
         }
         else if (auto ttv = get<TableType>(ty))
         {
-            return ttv->state == TableState::Free && subsumes(scope, ttv->scope);
+            if (ttv->state == TableState::Free)
+                seenMutableType = true;
+            else if (ttv->state == TableState::Generic)
+                seenGenericType = true;
+
+            return ttv->state == TableState::Unsealed || (ttv->state == TableState::Free && subsumes(scope, ttv->scope));
         }
 
         return false;
@@ -207,7 +216,11 @@ struct PureQuantifier : Substitution
             *resultTable = *ttv;
             resultTable->level = TypeLevel{};
             resultTable->scope = scope;
-            resultTable->state = TableState::Generic;
+
+            if (ttv->state == TableState::Free)
+                resultTable->state = TableState::Generic;
+            else if (ttv->state == TableState::Unsealed)
+                resultTable->state = TableState::Sealed;
 
             return result;
         }
@@ -251,7 +264,7 @@ TypeId quantify(TypeArena* arena, TypeId ty, Scope* scope)
     ftv->scope = scope;
     ftv->generics.insert(ftv->generics.end(), quantifier.insertedGenerics.begin(), quantifier.insertedGenerics.end());
     ftv->genericPacks.insert(ftv->genericPacks.end(), quantifier.insertedGenericPacks.begin(), quantifier.insertedGenericPacks.end());
-    ftv->hasNoGenerics = ftv->generics.empty() && ftv->genericPacks.empty();
+    ftv->hasNoGenerics = ftv->generics.empty() && ftv->genericPacks.empty() && !quantifier.seenGenericType && !quantifier.seenMutableType;
 
     return *result;
 }
diff --git a/Analysis/src/ToString.cpp b/Analysis/src/ToString.cpp
index 3e8dc65a..89d3c555 100644
--- a/Analysis/src/ToString.cpp
+++ b/Analysis/src/ToString.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(DebugLuauDeferredConstraintResolution)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauUnknownAndNeverType)
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauFunctionReturnStringificationFixup, false)
-LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauUnseeArrayTtv, false)
 
 /*
  * Prefix generic typenames with gen-
@@ -311,8 +310,7 @@ struct TypeStringifier
         }
 
         Luau::visit(
-            [this, tv](auto&& t)
-            {
+            [this, tv](auto&& t) {
                 return (*this)(tv, t);
             },
             tv->ty);
@@ -607,9 +605,7 @@ struct TypeStringifier
             stringify(ttv.indexer->indexResultType);
             state.emit("}");
 
-            if (FFlag::LuauUnseeArrayTtv)
-                state.unsee(&ttv);
-
+            state.unsee(&ttv);
             return;
         }
 
@@ -910,8 +906,7 @@ struct TypePackStringifier
         }
 
         Luau::visit(
-            [this, tp](auto&& t)
-            {
+            [this, tp](auto&& t) {
                 return (*this)(tp, t);
             },
             tp->ty);
@@ -1061,11 +1056,9 @@ static void assignCycleNames(const std::set<TypeId>& cycles, const std::set<Type
         if (auto ttv = get<TableType>(follow(cycleTy)); !exhaustive && ttv && (ttv->syntheticName || ttv->name))
         {
             // If we have a cycle type in type parameters, assign a cycle name for this named table
-            if (std::find_if(ttv->instantiatedTypeParams.begin(), ttv->instantiatedTypeParams.end(),
-                    [&](auto&& el)
-                    {
-                        return cycles.count(follow(el));
-                    }) != ttv->instantiatedTypeParams.end())
+            if (std::find_if(ttv->instantiatedTypeParams.begin(), ttv->instantiatedTypeParams.end(), [&](auto&& el) {
+                    return cycles.count(follow(el));
+                }) != ttv->instantiatedTypeParams.end())
                 cycleNames[cycleTy] = ttv->name ? *ttv->name : *ttv->syntheticName;
 
             continue;
@@ -1160,11 +1153,9 @@ ToStringResult toStringDetailed(TypeId ty, ToStringOptions& opts)
     state.exhaustive = true;
 
     std::vector<std::pair<TypeId, std::string>> sortedCycleNames{state.cycleNames.begin(), state.cycleNames.end()};
-    std::sort(sortedCycleNames.begin(), sortedCycleNames.end(),
-        [](const auto& a, const auto& b)
-        {
-            return a.second < b.second;
-        });
+    std::sort(sortedCycleNames.begin(), sortedCycleNames.end(), [](const auto& a, const auto& b) {
+        return a.second < b.second;
+    });
 
     bool semi = false;
     for (const auto& [cycleTy, name] : sortedCycleNames)
@@ -1175,8 +1166,7 @@ ToStringResult toStringDetailed(TypeId ty, ToStringOptions& opts)
         state.emit(name);
         state.emit(" = ");
         Luau::visit(
-            [&tvs, cycleTy = cycleTy](auto&& t)
-            {
+            [&tvs, cycleTy = cycleTy](auto&& t) {
                 return tvs(cycleTy, t);
             },
             cycleTy->ty);
@@ -1257,11 +1247,9 @@ ToStringResult toStringDetailed(TypePackId tp, ToStringOptions& opts)
     state.exhaustive = true;
 
     std::vector<std::pair<TypeId, std::string>> sortedCycleNames{state.cycleNames.begin(), state.cycleNames.end()};
-    std::sort(sortedCycleNames.begin(), sortedCycleNames.end(),
-        [](const auto& a, const auto& b)
-        {
-            return a.second < b.second;
-        });
+    std::sort(sortedCycleNames.begin(), sortedCycleNames.end(), [](const auto& a, const auto& b) {
+        return a.second < b.second;
+    });
 
     bool semi = false;
     for (const auto& [cycleTy, name] : sortedCycleNames)
@@ -1272,8 +1260,7 @@ ToStringResult toStringDetailed(TypePackId tp, ToStringOptions& opts)
         state.emit(name);
         state.emit(" = ");
         Luau::visit(
-            [&tvs, cycleTy = cycleTy](auto t)
-            {
+            [&tvs, cycleTy = cycleTy](auto t) {
                 return tvs(cycleTy, t);
             },
             cycleTy->ty);
@@ -1413,6 +1400,15 @@ std::string dump(TypeId ty)
     return s;
 }
 
+std::string dump(const std::optional<TypeId>& ty)
+{
+    if (ty)
+        return dump(*ty);
+
+    printf("nullopt\n");
+    return "nullopt";
+}
+
 std::string dump(TypePackId ty)
 {
     std::string s = toString(ty, dumpOptions());
@@ -1420,6 +1416,15 @@ std::string dump(TypePackId ty)
     return s;
 }
 
+std::string dump(const std::optional<TypePackId>& ty)
+{
+    if (ty)
+        return dump(*ty);
+
+    printf("nullopt\n");
+    return "nullopt";
+}
+
 std::string dump(const ScopePtr& scope, const char* name)
 {
     auto binding = scope->linearSearchForBinding(name);
diff --git a/Analysis/src/Type.cpp b/Analysis/src/Type.cpp
index f03061a8..4b216518 100644
--- a/Analysis/src/Type.cpp
+++ b/Analysis/src/Type.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ LUAU_FASTINT(LuauTypeInferRecursionLimit)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauUnknownAndNeverType)
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauMaybeGenericIntersectionTypes, false)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauInstantiateInSubtyping)
+LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauMatchReturnsOptionalString, false);
 
 namespace Luau
 {
@@ -768,15 +769,16 @@ BuiltinTypes::BuiltinTypes()
     , errorType(arena->addType(Type{ErrorType{}, /*persistent*/ true}))
     , falsyType(arena->addType(Type{UnionType{{falseType, nilType}}, /*persistent*/ true}))
     , truthyType(arena->addType(Type{NegationType{falsyType}, /*persistent*/ true}))
+    , optionalNumberType(arena->addType(Type{UnionType{{numberType, nilType}}, /*persistent*/ true}))
+    , optionalStringType(arena->addType(Type{UnionType{{stringType, nilType}}, /*persistent*/ true}))
     , anyTypePack(arena->addTypePack(TypePackVar{VariadicTypePack{anyType}, /*persistent*/ true}))
     , neverTypePack(arena->addTypePack(TypePackVar{VariadicTypePack{neverType}, /*persistent*/ true}))
-    , uninhabitableTypePack(arena->addTypePack({neverType}, neverTypePack))
+    , uninhabitableTypePack(arena->addTypePack(TypePackVar{TypePack{{neverType}, neverTypePack}, /*persistent*/ true}))
     , errorTypePack(arena->addTypePack(TypePackVar{Unifiable::Error{}, /*persistent*/ true}))
 {
     TypeId stringMetatable = makeStringMetatable();
     asMutable(stringType)->ty = PrimitiveType{PrimitiveType::String, stringMetatable};
     persist(stringMetatable);
-    persist(uninhabitableTypePack);
 
     freeze(*arena);
 }
@@ -1231,12 +1233,12 @@ static std::vector<TypeId> parsePatternString(NotNull<BuiltinTypes> builtinTypes
             if (i + 1 < size && data[i + 1] == ')')
             {
                 i++;
-                result.push_back(builtinTypes->numberType);
+                result.push_back(FFlag::LuauMatchReturnsOptionalString ? builtinTypes->optionalNumberType : builtinTypes->numberType);
                 continue;
             }
 
             ++depth;
-            result.push_back(builtinTypes->stringType);
+            result.push_back(FFlag::LuauMatchReturnsOptionalString ? builtinTypes->optionalStringType : builtinTypes->stringType);
         }
         else if (data[i] == ')')
         {
@@ -1254,7 +1256,7 @@ static std::vector<TypeId> parsePatternString(NotNull<BuiltinTypes> builtinTypes
         return std::vector<TypeId>();
 
     if (result.empty())
-        result.push_back(builtinTypes->stringType);
+        result.push_back(FFlag::LuauMatchReturnsOptionalString ? builtinTypes->optionalStringType : builtinTypes->stringType);
 
     return result;
 }
diff --git a/Analysis/src/TypeChecker2.cpp b/Analysis/src/TypeChecker2.cpp
index 1d212851..1972f26f 100644
--- a/Analysis/src/TypeChecker2.cpp
+++ b/Analysis/src/TypeChecker2.cpp
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "Luau/Ast.h"
 #include "Luau/AstQuery.h"
 #include "Luau/Clone.h"
+#include "Luau/Error.h"
 #include "Luau/Instantiation.h"
 #include "Luau/Metamethods.h"
 #include "Luau/Normalize.h"
@@ -212,6 +213,12 @@ struct TypeChecker2
         return bestScope;
     }
 
+    enum ValueContext
+    {
+        LValue,
+        RValue
+    };
+
     void visit(AstStat* stat)
     {
         auto pusher = pushStack(stat);
@@ -273,7 +280,7 @@ struct TypeChecker2
 
     void visit(AstStatIf* ifStatement)
     {
-        visit(ifStatement->condition);
+        visit(ifStatement->condition, RValue);
         visit(ifStatement->thenbody);
         if (ifStatement->elsebody)
             visit(ifStatement->elsebody);
@@ -281,14 +288,14 @@ struct TypeChecker2
 
     void visit(AstStatWhile* whileStatement)
     {
-        visit(whileStatement->condition);
+        visit(whileStatement->condition, RValue);
         visit(whileStatement->body);
     }
 
     void visit(AstStatRepeat* repeatStatement)
     {
         visit(repeatStatement->body);
-        visit(repeatStatement->condition);
+        visit(repeatStatement->condition, RValue);
     }
 
     void visit(AstStatBreak*) {}
@@ -315,12 +322,12 @@ struct TypeChecker2
         }
 
         for (AstExpr* expr : ret->list)
-            visit(expr);
+            visit(expr, RValue);
     }
 
     void visit(AstStatExpr* expr)
     {
-        visit(expr->expr);
+        visit(expr->expr, RValue);
     }
 
     void visit(AstStatLocal* local)
@@ -331,7 +338,7 @@ struct TypeChecker2
             AstExpr* value = i < local->values.size ? local->values.data[i] : nullptr;
 
             if (value)
-                visit(value);
+                visit(value, RValue);
 
             TypeId* maybeValueType = value ? module->astTypes.find(value) : nullptr;
             if (i != local->values.size - 1 || maybeValueType)
@@ -387,10 +394,10 @@ struct TypeChecker2
         if (forStatement->var->annotation)
             visit(forStatement->var->annotation);
 
-        visit(forStatement->from);
-        visit(forStatement->to);
+        visit(forStatement->from, RValue);
+        visit(forStatement->to, RValue);
         if (forStatement->step)
-            visit(forStatement->step);
+            visit(forStatement->step, RValue);
         visit(forStatement->body);
     }
 
@@ -403,7 +410,7 @@ struct TypeChecker2
         }
 
         for (AstExpr* expr : forInStatement->values)
-            visit(expr);
+            visit(expr, RValue);
 
         visit(forInStatement->body);
 
@@ -610,11 +617,11 @@ struct TypeChecker2
         for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i)
         {
             AstExpr* lhs = assign->vars.data[i];
-            visit(lhs);
+            visit(lhs, LValue);
             TypeId lhsType = lookupType(lhs);
 
             AstExpr* rhs = assign->values.data[i];
-            visit(rhs);
+            visit(rhs, RValue);
             TypeId rhsType = lookupType(rhs);
 
             if (!isSubtype(rhsType, lhsType, stack.back()))
@@ -635,7 +642,7 @@ struct TypeChecker2
 
     void visit(AstStatFunction* stat)
     {
-        visit(stat->name);
+        visit(stat->name, LValue);
         visit(stat->func);
     }
 
@@ -698,13 +705,13 @@ struct TypeChecker2
     void visit(AstStatError* stat)
     {
         for (AstExpr* expr : stat->expressions)
-            visit(expr);
+            visit(expr, RValue);
 
         for (AstStat* s : stat->statements)
             visit(s);
     }
 
-    void visit(AstExpr* expr)
+    void visit(AstExpr* expr, ValueContext context)
     {
         auto StackPusher = pushStack(expr);
 
@@ -712,7 +719,7 @@ struct TypeChecker2
         {
         }
         else if (auto e = expr->as<AstExprGroup>())
-            return visit(e);
+            return visit(e, context);
         else if (auto e = expr->as<AstExprConstantNil>())
             return visit(e);
         else if (auto e = expr->as<AstExprConstantBool>())
@@ -730,9 +737,9 @@ struct TypeChecker2
         else if (auto e = expr->as<AstExprCall>())
             return visit(e);
         else if (auto e = expr->as<AstExprIndexName>())
-            return visit(e);
+            return visit(e, context);
         else if (auto e = expr->as<AstExprIndexExpr>())
-            return visit(e);
+            return visit(e, context);
         else if (auto e = expr->as<AstExprFunction>())
             return visit(e);
         else if (auto e = expr->as<AstExprTable>())
@@ -754,9 +761,9 @@ struct TypeChecker2
             LUAU_ASSERT(!"TypeChecker2 encountered an unknown expression type");
     }
 
-    void visit(AstExprGroup* expr)
+    void visit(AstExprGroup* expr, ValueContext context)
     {
-        visit(expr->expr);
+        visit(expr->expr, context);
     }
 
     void visit(AstExprConstantNil* expr)
@@ -808,10 +815,10 @@ struct TypeChecker2
 
     void visit(AstExprCall* call)
     {
-        visit(call->func);
+        visit(call->func, RValue);
 
         for (AstExpr* arg : call->args)
-            visit(arg);
+            visit(arg, RValue);
 
         TypeArena* arena = &testArena;
         Instantiation instantiation{TxnLog::empty(), arena, TypeLevel{}, stack.back()};
@@ -820,6 +827,8 @@ struct TypeChecker2
         TypeId functionType = lookupType(call->func);
         TypeId testFunctionType = functionType;
         TypePack args;
+        std::vector<Location> argLocs;
+        argLocs.reserve(call->args.size + 1);
 
         if (get<AnyType>(functionType) || get<ErrorType>(functionType))
             return;
@@ -830,6 +839,7 @@ struct TypeChecker2
                 if (std::optional<TypeId> instantiatedCallMm = instantiation.substitute(*callMm))
                 {
                     args.head.push_back(functionType);
+                    argLocs.push_back(call->func->location);
                     testFunctionType = follow(*instantiatedCallMm);
                 }
                 else
@@ -899,11 +909,13 @@ struct TypeChecker2
                 ice.ice("method call expression has no 'self'");
 
             args.head.push_back(lookupType(indexExpr->expr));
+            argLocs.push_back(indexExpr->expr->location);
         }
 
         for (size_t i = 0; i < call->args.size; ++i)
         {
             AstExpr* arg = call->args.data[i];
+            argLocs.push_back(arg->location);
             TypeId* argTy = module->astTypes.find(arg);
             if (argTy)
                 args.head.push_back(*argTy);
@@ -919,19 +931,34 @@ struct TypeChecker2
                 args.head.push_back(builtinTypes->anyType);
         }
 
-        TypePackId argsTp = arena->addTypePack(args);
-        FunctionType ftv{argsTp, expectedRetType};
-        TypeId expectedType = arena->addType(ftv);
+        TypePackId expectedArgTypes = arena->addTypePack(args);
 
-        if (!isSubtype(testFunctionType, expectedType, stack.back()))
+        const FunctionType* inferredFunctionType = get<FunctionType>(testFunctionType);
+        LUAU_ASSERT(inferredFunctionType); // testFunctionType should always be a FunctionType here
+
+        size_t argIndex = 0;
+        auto inferredArgIt = begin(inferredFunctionType->argTypes);
+        auto expectedArgIt = begin(expectedArgTypes);
+        while (inferredArgIt != end(inferredFunctionType->argTypes) && expectedArgIt != end(expectedArgTypes))
         {
-            CloneState cloneState;
-            expectedType = clone(expectedType, testArena, cloneState);
-            reportError(TypeMismatch{expectedType, functionType}, call->location);
+            Location argLoc = (argIndex >= argLocs.size()) ? argLocs.back() : argLocs[argIndex];
+            reportErrors(tryUnify(stack.back(), argLoc, *expectedArgIt, *inferredArgIt));
+
+            ++argIndex;
+            ++inferredArgIt;
+            ++expectedArgIt;
         }
+
+        // piggyback on the unifier for arity checking, but we can't do this for checking the actual arguments since the locations would be bad
+        ErrorVec errors = tryUnify(stack.back(), call->location, expectedArgTypes, inferredFunctionType->argTypes);
+        for (TypeError e : errors)
+            if (get<CountMismatch>(e) != nullptr)
+                reportError(std::move(e));
+
+        reportErrors(tryUnify(stack.back(), call->location, inferredFunctionType->retTypes, expectedRetType, CountMismatch::FunctionResult));
     }
 
-    void visit(AstExprIndexName* indexName)
+    void visit(AstExprIndexName* indexName, ValueContext context)
     {
         TypeId leftType = lookupType(indexName->expr);
 
@@ -939,14 +966,14 @@ struct TypeChecker2
         if (!norm)
             reportError(NormalizationTooComplex{}, indexName->indexLocation);
 
-        checkIndexTypeFromType(leftType, *norm, indexName->index.value, indexName->location);
+        checkIndexTypeFromType(leftType, *norm, indexName->index.value, indexName->location, context);
     }
 
-    void visit(AstExprIndexExpr* indexExpr)
+    void visit(AstExprIndexExpr* indexExpr, ValueContext context)
     {
         // TODO!
-        visit(indexExpr->expr);
-        visit(indexExpr->index);
+        visit(indexExpr->expr, LValue);
+        visit(indexExpr->index, RValue);
     }
 
     void visit(AstExprFunction* fn)
@@ -986,14 +1013,14 @@ struct TypeChecker2
         for (const AstExprTable::Item& item : expr->items)
         {
             if (item.key)
-                visit(item.key);
-            visit(item.value);
+                visit(item.key, LValue);
+            visit(item.value, RValue);
         }
     }
 
     void visit(AstExprUnary* expr)
     {
-        visit(expr->expr);
+        visit(expr->expr, RValue);
 
         NotNull<Scope> scope = stack.back();
         TypeId operandType = lookupType(expr->expr);
@@ -1053,8 +1080,8 @@ struct TypeChecker2
 
     TypeId visit(AstExprBinary* expr, void* overrideKey = nullptr)
     {
-        visit(expr->left);
-        visit(expr->right);
+        visit(expr->left, LValue);
+        visit(expr->right, LValue);
 
         NotNull<Scope> scope = stack.back();
 
@@ -1307,7 +1334,7 @@ struct TypeChecker2
 
     void visit(AstExprTypeAssertion* expr)
     {
-        visit(expr->expr);
+        visit(expr->expr, RValue);
         visit(expr->annotation);
 
         TypeId annotationType = lookupAnnotation(expr->annotation);
@@ -1326,16 +1353,16 @@ struct TypeChecker2
     void visit(AstExprIfElse* expr)
     {
         // TODO!
-        visit(expr->condition);
-        visit(expr->trueExpr);
-        visit(expr->falseExpr);
+        visit(expr->condition, RValue);
+        visit(expr->trueExpr, RValue);
+        visit(expr->falseExpr, RValue);
     }
 
     void visit(AstExprError* expr)
     {
         // TODO!
         for (AstExpr* e : expr->expressions)
-            visit(e);
+            visit(e, RValue);
     }
 
     /** Extract a TypeId for the first type of the provided pack.
@@ -1550,7 +1577,7 @@ struct TypeChecker2
 
     void visit(AstTypeTypeof* ty)
     {
-        visit(ty->expr);
+        visit(ty->expr, RValue);
     }
 
     void visit(AstTypeUnion* ty)
@@ -1630,9 +1657,10 @@ struct TypeChecker2
     }
 
     template<typename TID>
-    ErrorVec tryUnify(NotNull<Scope> scope, const Location& location, TID subTy, TID superTy)
+    ErrorVec tryUnify(NotNull<Scope> scope, const Location& location, TID subTy, TID superTy, CountMismatch::Context context = CountMismatch::Arg)
     {
         Unifier u{NotNull{&normalizer}, Mode::Strict, scope, location, Covariant};
+        u.ctx = context;
         u.useScopes = true;
         u.tryUnify(subTy, superTy);
 
@@ -1658,7 +1686,7 @@ struct TypeChecker2
             reportError(std::move(e));
     }
 
-    void checkIndexTypeFromType(TypeId denormalizedTy, const NormalizedType& norm, const std::string& prop, const Location& location)
+    void checkIndexTypeFromType(TypeId tableTy, const NormalizedType& norm, const std::string& prop, const Location& location, ValueContext context)
     {
         bool foundOneProp = false;
         std::vector<TypeId> typesMissingTheProp;
@@ -1723,9 +1751,11 @@ struct TypeChecker2
         if (!typesMissingTheProp.empty())
         {
             if (foundOneProp)
-                reportError(TypeError{location, MissingUnionProperty{denormalizedTy, typesMissingTheProp, prop}});
+                reportError(MissingUnionProperty{tableTy, typesMissingTheProp, prop}, location);
+            else if (context == LValue)
+                reportError(CannotExtendTable{tableTy, CannotExtendTable::Property, prop}, location);
             else
-                reportError(TypeError{location, UnknownProperty{denormalizedTy, prop}});
+                reportError(UnknownProperty{tableTy, prop}, location);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/Analysis/src/TypeInfer.cpp b/Analysis/src/TypeInfer.cpp
index 25fe37ec..de52a526 100644
--- a/Analysis/src/TypeInfer.cpp
+++ b/Analysis/src/TypeInfer.cpp
@@ -32,16 +32,13 @@ LUAU_FASTINTVARIABLE(LuauTypeInferTypePackLoopLimit, 5000)
 LUAU_FASTINTVARIABLE(LuauCheckRecursionLimit, 300)
 LUAU_FASTINTVARIABLE(LuauVisitRecursionLimit, 500)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauKnowsTheDataModel3)
-LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauTypeNormalization2)
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(DebugLuauFreezeDuringUnification, false)
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauReturnAnyInsteadOfICE, false) // Eventually removed as false.
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(DebugLuauSharedSelf, false)
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauUnknownAndNeverType, false)
-LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauTypeInferMissingFollows, false)
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauBinaryNeedsExpectedTypesToo, false)
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauNeverTypesAndOperatorsInference, false)
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauScopelessModule, false)
-LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauFollowInLvalueIndexCheck, false)
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauReturnsFromCallsitesAreNotWidened, false)
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauTryhardAnd, false)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauInstantiateInSubtyping)
@@ -52,9 +49,8 @@ LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauIntersectionTestForEquality, false)
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauImplicitElseRefinement, false)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauNegatedClassTypes)
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauAllowIndexClassParameters, false)
-LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauDeclareClassPrototype, false)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauUninhabitedSubAnything2)
-LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauCallableClasses, false)
+LUAU_FASTFLAG(SupportTypeAliasGoToDeclaration)
 
 namespace Luau
 {
@@ -333,12 +329,9 @@ ModulePtr TypeChecker::checkWithoutRecursionCheck(const SourceModule& module, Mo
 
     prepareErrorsForDisplay(currentModule->errors);
 
-    if (FFlag::LuauTypeNormalization2)
-    {
-        // Clear the normalizer caches, since they contain types from the internal type surface
-        normalizer.clearCaches();
-        normalizer.arena = nullptr;
-    }
+    // Clear the normalizer caches, since they contain types from the internal type surface
+    normalizer.clearCaches();
+    normalizer.arena = nullptr;
 
     currentModule->clonePublicInterface(builtinTypes, *iceHandler);
 
@@ -512,7 +505,7 @@ void TypeChecker::checkBlockWithoutRecursionCheck(const ScopePtr& scope, const A
             prototype(scope, *typealias, subLevel);
             ++subLevel;
         }
-        else if (const auto& declaredClass = stat->as<AstStatDeclareClass>(); FFlag::LuauDeclareClassPrototype && declaredClass)
+        else if (const auto& declaredClass = stat->as<AstStatDeclareClass>())
         {
             prototype(scope, *declaredClass);
         }
@@ -1137,8 +1130,12 @@ void TypeChecker::check(const ScopePtr& scope, const AstStatLocal& local)
                     const Name name{local.vars.data[i]->name.value};
 
                     if (ModulePtr module = resolver->getModule(moduleInfo->name))
+                    {
                         scope->importedTypeBindings[name] =
                             FFlag::LuauScopelessModule ? module->exportedTypeBindings : module->getModuleScope()->exportedTypeBindings;
+                        if (FFlag::SupportTypeAliasGoToDeclaration)
+                            scope->importedModules[name] = moduleInfo->name;
+                    }
 
                     // In non-strict mode we force the module type on the variable, in strict mode it is already unified
                     if (isNonstrictMode())
@@ -1622,6 +1619,8 @@ void TypeChecker::prototype(const ScopePtr& scope, const AstStatTypeAlias& typea
             bindingsMap[name] = {std::move(generics), std::move(genericPacks), ty};
 
             scope->typeAliasLocations[name] = typealias.location;
+            if (FFlag::SupportTypeAliasGoToDeclaration)
+                scope->typeAliasNameLocations[name] = typealias.nameLocation;
         }
     }
     else
@@ -1640,12 +1639,13 @@ void TypeChecker::prototype(const ScopePtr& scope, const AstStatTypeAlias& typea
         bindingsMap[name] = {std::move(generics), std::move(genericPacks), ty};
 
         scope->typeAliasLocations[name] = typealias.location;
+        if (FFlag::SupportTypeAliasGoToDeclaration)
+            scope->typeAliasNameLocations[name] = typealias.nameLocation;
     }
 }
 
 void TypeChecker::prototype(const ScopePtr& scope, const AstStatDeclareClass& declaredClass)
 {
-    LUAU_ASSERT(FFlag::LuauDeclareClassPrototype);
     std::optional<TypeId> superTy = FFlag::LuauNegatedClassTypes ? std::make_optional(builtinTypes->classType) : std::nullopt;
     if (declaredClass.superName)
     {
@@ -1684,166 +1684,74 @@ void TypeChecker::prototype(const ScopePtr& scope, const AstStatDeclareClass& de
 
 void TypeChecker::check(const ScopePtr& scope, const AstStatDeclareClass& declaredClass)
 {
-    if (FFlag::LuauDeclareClassPrototype)
+    Name className(declaredClass.name.value);
+
+    // Don't bother checking if the class definition was incorrect
+    if (incorrectClassDefinitions.find(&declaredClass))
+        return;
+
+    std::optional<TypeFun> binding;
+    if (auto it = scope->exportedTypeBindings.find(className); it != scope->exportedTypeBindings.end())
+        binding = it->second;
+
+    // This class definition must have been `prototype()`d first.
+    if (!binding)
+        ice("Class not predeclared");
+
+    TypeId classTy = binding->type;
+    ClassType* ctv = getMutable<ClassType>(classTy);
+
+    if (!ctv->metatable)
+        ice("No metatable for declared class");
+
+    TableType* metatable = getMutable<TableType>(*ctv->metatable);
+    for (const AstDeclaredClassProp& prop : declaredClass.props)
     {
-        Name className(declaredClass.name.value);
+        Name propName(prop.name.value);
+        TypeId propTy = resolveType(scope, *prop.ty);
 
-        // Don't bother checking if the class definition was incorrect
-        if (incorrectClassDefinitions.find(&declaredClass))
-            return;
+        bool assignToMetatable = isMetamethod(propName);
+        Luau::ClassType::Props& assignTo = assignToMetatable ? metatable->props : ctv->props;
 
-        std::optional<TypeFun> binding;
-        if (auto it = scope->exportedTypeBindings.find(className); it != scope->exportedTypeBindings.end())
-            binding = it->second;
-
-        // This class definition must have been `prototype()`d first.
-        if (!binding)
-            ice("Class not predeclared");
-
-        TypeId classTy = binding->type;
-        ClassType* ctv = getMutable<ClassType>(classTy);
-
-        if (!ctv->metatable)
-            ice("No metatable for declared class");
-
-        TableType* metatable = getMutable<TableType>(*ctv->metatable);
-        for (const AstDeclaredClassProp& prop : declaredClass.props)
+        // Function types always take 'self', but this isn't reflected in the
+        // parsed annotation. Add it here.
+        if (prop.isMethod)
         {
-            Name propName(prop.name.value);
-            TypeId propTy = resolveType(scope, *prop.ty);
-
-            bool assignToMetatable = isMetamethod(propName);
-            Luau::ClassType::Props& assignTo = assignToMetatable ? metatable->props : ctv->props;
-
-            // Function types always take 'self', but this isn't reflected in the
-            // parsed annotation. Add it here.
-            if (prop.isMethod)
+            if (FunctionType* ftv = getMutable<FunctionType>(propTy))
             {
-                if (FunctionType* ftv = getMutable<FunctionType>(propTy))
-                {
-                    ftv->argNames.insert(ftv->argNames.begin(), FunctionArgument{"self", {}});
-                    ftv->argTypes = addTypePack(TypePack{{classTy}, ftv->argTypes});
-                    ftv->hasSelf = true;
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (assignTo.count(propName) == 0)
-            {
-                assignTo[propName] = {propTy};
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                TypeId currentTy = assignTo[propName].type;
-
-                // We special-case this logic to keep the intersection flat; otherwise we
-                // would create a ton of nested intersection types.
-                if (const IntersectionType* itv = get<IntersectionType>(currentTy))
-                {
-                    std::vector<TypeId> options = itv->parts;
-                    options.push_back(propTy);
-                    TypeId newItv = addType(IntersectionType{std::move(options)});
-
-                    assignTo[propName] = {newItv};
-                }
-                else if (get<FunctionType>(currentTy))
-                {
-                    TypeId intersection = addType(IntersectionType{{currentTy, propTy}});
-
-                    assignTo[propName] = {intersection};
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    reportError(declaredClass.location, GenericError{format("Cannot overload non-function class member '%s'", propName.c_str())});
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        std::optional<TypeId> superTy = FFlag::LuauNegatedClassTypes ? std::make_optional(builtinTypes->classType) : std::nullopt;
-        if (declaredClass.superName)
-        {
-            Name superName = Name(declaredClass.superName->value);
-            std::optional<TypeFun> lookupType = scope->lookupType(superName);
-
-            if (!lookupType)
-            {
-                reportError(declaredClass.location, UnknownSymbol{superName, UnknownSymbol::Type});
-                return;
-            }
-
-            // We don't have generic classes, so this assertion _should_ never be hit.
-            LUAU_ASSERT(lookupType->typeParams.size() == 0 && lookupType->typePackParams.size() == 0);
-            superTy = lookupType->type;
-
-            if (!get<ClassType>(follow(*superTy)))
-            {
-                reportError(declaredClass.location, GenericError{format("Cannot use non-class type '%s' as a superclass of class '%s'",
-                                                        superName.c_str(), declaredClass.name.value)});
-                return;
+                ftv->argNames.insert(ftv->argNames.begin(), FunctionArgument{"self", {}});
+                ftv->argTypes = addTypePack(TypePack{{classTy}, ftv->argTypes});
+                ftv->hasSelf = true;
             }
         }
 
-        Name className(declaredClass.name.value);
-
-        TypeId classTy = addType(ClassType(className, {}, superTy, std::nullopt, {}, {}, currentModuleName));
-
-        ClassType* ctv = getMutable<ClassType>(classTy);
-        TypeId metaTy = addType(TableType{TableState::Sealed, scope->level});
-        TableType* metatable = getMutable<TableType>(metaTy);
-
-        ctv->metatable = metaTy;
-
-        scope->exportedTypeBindings[className] = TypeFun{{}, classTy};
-
-        for (const AstDeclaredClassProp& prop : declaredClass.props)
+        if (assignTo.count(propName) == 0)
         {
-            Name propName(prop.name.value);
-            TypeId propTy = resolveType(scope, *prop.ty);
+            assignTo[propName] = {propTy};
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            TypeId currentTy = assignTo[propName].type;
 
-            bool assignToMetatable = isMetamethod(propName);
-            Luau::ClassType::Props& assignTo = assignToMetatable ? metatable->props : ctv->props;
-
-            // Function types always take 'self', but this isn't reflected in the
-            // parsed annotation. Add it here.
-            if (prop.isMethod)
+            // We special-case this logic to keep the intersection flat; otherwise we
+            // would create a ton of nested intersection types.
+            if (const IntersectionType* itv = get<IntersectionType>(currentTy))
             {
-                if (FunctionType* ftv = getMutable<FunctionType>(propTy))
-                {
-                    ftv->argNames.insert(ftv->argNames.begin(), FunctionArgument{"self", {}});
-                    ftv->argTypes = addTypePack(TypePack{{classTy}, ftv->argTypes});
-                    ftv->hasSelf = true;
-                }
+                std::vector<TypeId> options = itv->parts;
+                options.push_back(propTy);
+                TypeId newItv = addType(IntersectionType{std::move(options)});
+
+                assignTo[propName] = {newItv};
             }
-
-            if (assignTo.count(propName) == 0)
+            else if (get<FunctionType>(currentTy))
             {
-                assignTo[propName] = {propTy};
+                TypeId intersection = addType(IntersectionType{{currentTy, propTy}});
+
+                assignTo[propName] = {intersection};
             }
             else
             {
-                TypeId currentTy = assignTo[propName].type;
-
-                // We special-case this logic to keep the intersection flat; otherwise we
-                // would create a ton of nested intersection types.
-                if (const IntersectionType* itv = get<IntersectionType>(currentTy))
-                {
-                    std::vector<TypeId> options = itv->parts;
-                    options.push_back(propTy);
-                    TypeId newItv = addType(IntersectionType{std::move(options)});
-
-                    assignTo[propName] = {newItv};
-                }
-                else if (get<FunctionType>(currentTy))
-                {
-                    TypeId intersection = addType(IntersectionType{{currentTy, propTy}});
-
-                    assignTo[propName] = {intersection};
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    reportError(declaredClass.location, GenericError{format("Cannot overload non-function class member '%s'", propName.c_str())});
-                }
+                reportError(declaredClass.location, GenericError{format("Cannot overload non-function class member '%s'", propName.c_str())});
             }
         }
     }
@@ -3364,8 +3272,7 @@ TypeId TypeChecker::checkLValueBinding(const ScopePtr& scope, const AstExprIndex
 
     TypeId indexType = checkExpr(scope, *expr.index).type;
 
-    if (FFlag::LuauFollowInLvalueIndexCheck)
-        exprType = follow(exprType);
+    exprType = follow(exprType);
 
     if (get<AnyType>(exprType) || get<ErrorType>(exprType))
         return exprType;
@@ -4282,7 +4189,7 @@ std::optional<WithPredicate<TypePackId>> TypeChecker::checkCallOverload(const Sc
     {
         callTy = getIndexTypeFromType(scope, mttv->metatable, "__call", expr.func->location, /* addErrors= */ false);
     }
-    else if (const ClassType* ctv = get<ClassType>(fn); FFlag::LuauCallableClasses && ctv && ctv->metatable)
+    else if (const ClassType* ctv = get<ClassType>(fn); ctv && ctv->metatable)
     {
         callTy = getIndexTypeFromType(scope, *ctv->metatable, "__call", expr.func->location, /* addErrors= */ false);
     }
@@ -4479,7 +4386,7 @@ void TypeChecker::reportOverloadResolutionError(const ScopePtr& scope, const Ast
     std::string s;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < overloadTypes.size(); ++i)
     {
-        TypeId overload = FFlag::LuauTypeInferMissingFollows ? follow(overloadTypes[i]) : overloadTypes[i];
+        TypeId overload = follow(overloadTypes[i]);
         Unifier state = mkUnifier(scope, expr.location);
 
         // Unify return types
@@ -4861,7 +4768,7 @@ TypePackId TypeChecker::anyifyModuleReturnTypePackGenerics(TypePackId tp)
 
     if (const VariadicTypePack* vtp = get<VariadicTypePack>(tp))
     {
-        TypeId ty = FFlag::LuauTypeInferMissingFollows ? follow(vtp->ty) : vtp->ty;
+        TypeId ty = follow(vtp->ty);
         return get<GenericType>(ty) ? anyTypePack : tp;
     }
 
@@ -6105,11 +6012,11 @@ void TypeChecker::resolve(const EqPredicate& eqP, RefinementMap& refis, const Sc
                     if (optionIsSubtype && !targetIsSubtype)
                         return option;
                     else if (!optionIsSubtype && targetIsSubtype)
-                        return FFlag::LuauTypeInferMissingFollows ? follow(eqP.type) : eqP.type;
+                        return follow(eqP.type);
                     else if (!optionIsSubtype && !targetIsSubtype)
                         return nope;
                     else if (optionIsSubtype && targetIsSubtype)
-                        return FFlag::LuauTypeInferMissingFollows ? follow(eqP.type) : eqP.type;
+                        return follow(eqP.type);
                 }
                 else
                 {
diff --git a/Analysis/src/TypePack.cpp b/Analysis/src/TypePack.cpp
index e41bf2fe..ccea604f 100644
--- a/Analysis/src/TypePack.cpp
+++ b/Analysis/src/TypePack.cpp
@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@
 
 #include <stdexcept>
 
-LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauTxnLogTypePackIterator, false)
-
 namespace Luau
 {
 
@@ -62,8 +60,8 @@ TypePackIterator::TypePackIterator(TypePackId typePack)
 }
 
 TypePackIterator::TypePackIterator(TypePackId typePack, const TxnLog* log)
-    : currentTypePack(FFlag::LuauTxnLogTypePackIterator ? log->follow(typePack) : follow(typePack))
-    , tp(FFlag::LuauTxnLogTypePackIterator ? log->get<TypePack>(currentTypePack) : get<TypePack>(currentTypePack))
+    : currentTypePack(log->follow(typePack))
+    , tp(log->get<TypePack>(currentTypePack))
     , currentIndex(0)
     , log(log)
 {
diff --git a/Analysis/src/TypeReduction.cpp b/Analysis/src/TypeReduction.cpp
index 8d837ddb..c748f863 100644
--- a/Analysis/src/TypeReduction.cpp
+++ b/Analysis/src/TypeReduction.cpp
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "Luau/Common.h"
 #include "Luau/Error.h"
 #include "Luau/RecursionCounter.h"
+#include "Luau/VisitType.h"
 
 #include <numeric>
 #include <deque>
@@ -18,24 +19,7 @@ namespace Luau
 namespace
 {
 
-struct RecursionGuard : RecursionLimiter
-{
-    std::deque<const void*>* seen;
-
-    RecursionGuard(int* count, int limit, std::deque<const void*>* seen)
-        : RecursionLimiter(count, limit)
-        , seen(seen)
-    {
-        // count has been incremented, which should imply that seen has already had an element pushed in.
-        LUAU_ASSERT(size_t(*count) == seen->size());
-    }
-
-    ~RecursionGuard()
-    {
-        LUAU_ASSERT(!seen->empty()); // It is UB to pop_back() on an empty deque.
-        seen->pop_back();
-    }
-};
+using detail::ReductionContext;
 
 template<typename A, typename B, typename Thing>
 std::pair<const A*, const B*> get2(const Thing& one, const Thing& two)
@@ -51,15 +35,11 @@ struct TypeReducer
     NotNull<BuiltinTypes> builtinTypes;
     NotNull<InternalErrorReporter> handle;
 
-    std::unordered_map<TypeId, TypeId> copies;
-    std::deque<const void*> seen;
-    int depth = 0;
+    DenseHashMap<TypeId, ReductionContext<TypeId>>* memoizedTypes;
+    DenseHashMap<TypePackId, ReductionContext<TypePackId>>* memoizedTypePacks;
+    DenseHashSet<TypeId>* cyclicTypes;
 
-    // When we encounter _any type_ that which is usually mutated in-place, we need to not cache the result.
-    // e.g. `'a & {} T` may have an upper bound constraint `{}` placed upon `'a`, but this constraint was not
-    // known when we decided to reduce this intersection type. By not caching, we'll always be forced to perform
-    // the reduction calculus over again.
-    bool cacheOk = true;
+    int depth = 0;
 
     TypeId reduce(TypeId ty);
     TypePackId reduce(TypePackId tp);
@@ -70,62 +50,73 @@ struct TypeReducer
     TypeId functionType(TypeId ty);
     TypeId negationType(TypeId ty);
 
-    RecursionGuard guard(TypeId ty);
-    RecursionGuard guard(TypePackId tp);
+    bool isIrreducible(TypeId ty);
+    bool isIrreducible(TypePackId tp);
 
-    void checkCacheable(TypeId ty);
-    void checkCacheable(TypePackId tp);
+    TypeId memoize(TypeId ty, TypeId reducedTy);
+    TypePackId memoize(TypePackId tp, TypePackId reducedTp);
+
+    // It's either cyclic with no memoized result, so we should terminate, or
+    // there is a memoized result but one that's being reduced top-down, so
+    // we need to return the root of that memoized result to tighten up things.
+    TypeId memoizedOr(TypeId ty) const;
+    TypePackId memoizedOr(TypePackId tp) const;
+
+    using BinaryFold = std::optional<TypeId> (TypeReducer::*)(TypeId, TypeId);
+    using UnaryFold = TypeId (TypeReducer::*)(TypeId);
 
     template<typename T>
     LUAU_NOINLINE std::pair<TypeId, T*> copy(TypeId ty, const T* t)
     {
-        if (auto it = copies.find(ty); it != copies.end())
-            return {it->second, getMutable<T>(it->second)};
+        ty = follow(ty);
+
+        if (auto ctx = memoizedTypes->find(ty))
+            return {ctx->type, getMutable<T>(ctx->type)};
 
         TypeId copiedTy = arena->addType(*t);
-        copies[ty] = copiedTy;
+        (*memoizedTypes)[ty] = {copiedTy, false};
+        (*memoizedTypes)[copiedTy] = {copiedTy, false};
         return {copiedTy, getMutable<T>(copiedTy)};
     }
 
-    using Folder = std::optional<TypeId> (TypeReducer::*)(TypeId, TypeId);
-
     template<typename T, typename Iter>
-    void foldl_impl(Iter it, Iter endIt, Folder f, NotNull<std::vector<TypeId>> result)
+    void foldl_impl(Iter it, Iter endIt, BinaryFold f, std::vector<TypeId>* result, bool* didReduce)
     {
+        RecursionLimiter rl{&depth, FInt::LuauTypeReductionRecursionLimit};
+
         while (it != endIt)
         {
-            bool replaced = false;
-            TypeId currentTy = reduce(*it);
-            RecursionGuard rg = guard(*it);
+            TypeId right = reduce(*it);
+            *didReduce |= right != follow(*it);
 
             // We're hitting a case where the `currentTy` returned a type that's the same as `T`.
             // e.g. `(string?) & ~(false | nil)` became `(string?) & (~false & ~nil)` but the current iterator we're consuming doesn't know this.
             // We will need to recurse and traverse that first.
-            if (auto t = get<T>(currentTy))
+            if (auto t = get<T>(right))
             {
-                foldl_impl<T>(begin(t), end(t), f, result);
+                foldl_impl<T>(begin(t), end(t), f, result, didReduce);
                 ++it;
                 continue;
             }
 
+            bool replaced = false;
             auto resultIt = result->begin();
             while (resultIt != result->end())
             {
-                TypeId& ty = *resultIt;
-
-                std::optional<TypeId> reduced = (this->*f)(ty, currentTy);
-                if (reduced && replaced)
+                TypeId left = *resultIt;
+                if (left == right)
                 {
-                    // We want to erase any other elements that occurs after the first replacement too.
-                    // e.g. `"a" | "b" | string` where `"a"` and `"b"` is in the `result` vector, then `string` replaces both `"a"` and `"b"`.
-                    // If we don't erase redundant elements, `"b"` may be kept or be replaced by `string`, leaving us with `string | string`.
-                    resultIt = result->erase(resultIt);
+                    replaced = true;
+                    ++resultIt;
+                    continue;
                 }
-                else if (reduced && !replaced)
+
+                std::optional<TypeId> reduced = (this->*f)(left, right);
+                if (reduced)
                 {
+                    *resultIt = *reduced;
                     ++resultIt;
                     replaced = true;
-                    ty = *reduced;
                 }
                 else
                 {
@@ -135,21 +126,65 @@ struct TypeReducer
             }
 
             if (!replaced)
-                result->push_back(currentTy);
+                result->push_back(right);
 
+            *didReduce |= replaced;
             ++it;
         }
     }
 
+    template<typename T>
+    TypeId flatten(std::vector<TypeId>&& types)
+    {
+        if (types.size() == 1)
+            return types[0];
+        else
+            return arena->addType(T{std::move(types)});
+    }
+
     template<typename T, typename Iter>
-    TypeId foldl(Iter it, Iter endIt, Folder f)
+    TypeId foldl(Iter it, Iter endIt, std::optional<TypeId> ty, BinaryFold f)
     {
         std::vector<TypeId> result;
-        foldl_impl<T>(it, endIt, f, NotNull{&result});
-        if (result.size() == 1)
-            return result[0];
+        bool didReduce = false;
+        foldl_impl<T>(it, endIt, f, &result, &didReduce);
+        if (!didReduce && ty)
+            return *ty;
         else
-            return arena->addType(T{std::move(result)});
+        {
+            // If we've done any reduction, then we'll need to reduce it again, e.g.
+            // `"a" | "b" | string` is reduced into `string | string`, which is then reduced into `string`.
+            return reduce(flatten<T>(std::move(result)));
+        }
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    TypeId apply(BinaryFold f, TypeId left, TypeId right)
+    {
+        left = follow(left);
+        right = follow(right);
+
+        if (get<T>(left) || get<T>(right))
+        {
+            std::vector<TypeId> types{left, right};
+            return foldl<T>(begin(types), end(types), std::nullopt, f);
+        }
+        else if (auto reduced = (this->*f)(left, right))
+            return *reduced;
+        else
+            return arena->addType(T{{left, right}});
+    }
+
+    template<typename Into, typename Over>
+    TypeId distribute(TypeIterator<Over> it, TypeIterator<Over> endIt, BinaryFold f, TypeId ty)
+    {
+        std::vector<TypeId> result;
+        while (it != endIt)
+        {
+            result.push_back(apply<Into>(f, *it, ty));
+            ++it;
+        }
+        return flatten<Over>(std::move(result));
     }
 };
 
@@ -157,42 +192,48 @@ TypeId TypeReducer::reduce(TypeId ty)
 {
     ty = follow(ty);
 
-    if (std::find(seen.begin(), seen.end(), ty) != seen.end())
-        return ty;
+    if (auto ctx = memoizedTypes->find(ty); ctx && ctx->irreducible)
+        return ctx->type;
+    else if (auto cyclicTy = cyclicTypes->find(ty))
+        return *cyclicTy;
 
-    RecursionGuard rg = guard(ty);
-    checkCacheable(ty);
+    RecursionLimiter rl{&depth, FInt::LuauTypeReductionRecursionLimit};
 
+    TypeId result = nullptr;
     if (auto i = get<IntersectionType>(ty))
-        return foldl<IntersectionType>(begin(i), end(i), &TypeReducer::intersectionType);
+        result = foldl<IntersectionType>(begin(i), end(i), ty, &TypeReducer::intersectionType);
     else if (auto u = get<UnionType>(ty))
-        return foldl<UnionType>(begin(u), end(u), &TypeReducer::unionType);
+        result = foldl<UnionType>(begin(u), end(u), ty, &TypeReducer::unionType);
     else if (get<TableType>(ty) || get<MetatableType>(ty))
-        return tableType(ty);
+        result = tableType(ty);
     else if (get<FunctionType>(ty))
-        return functionType(ty);
-    else if (auto n = get<NegationType>(ty))
-        return negationType(follow(n->ty));
+        result = functionType(ty);
+    else if (get<NegationType>(ty))
+        result = negationType(ty);
     else
-        return ty;
+        result = ty;
+
+    return memoize(ty, result);
 }
 
 TypePackId TypeReducer::reduce(TypePackId tp)
 {
     tp = follow(tp);
 
-    if (std::find(seen.begin(), seen.end(), tp) != seen.end())
-        return tp;
+    if (auto ctx = memoizedTypePacks->find(tp); ctx && ctx->irreducible)
+        return ctx->type;
 
-    RecursionGuard rg = guard(tp);
-    checkCacheable(tp);
+    RecursionLimiter rl{&depth, FInt::LuauTypeReductionRecursionLimit};
 
+    bool didReduce = false;
     TypePackIterator it = begin(tp);
 
     std::vector<TypeId> head;
     while (it != end(tp))
     {
-        head.push_back(reduce(*it));
+        TypeId reducedTy = reduce(*it);
+        head.push_back(reducedTy);
+        didReduce |= follow(*it) != follow(reducedTy);
         ++it;
     }
 
@@ -200,10 +241,22 @@ TypePackId TypeReducer::reduce(TypePackId tp)
     if (tail)
     {
         if (auto vtp = get<VariadicTypePack>(follow(*it.tail())))
-            tail = arena->addTypePack(VariadicTypePack{reduce(vtp->ty), vtp->hidden});
+        {
+            TypeId reducedTy = reduce(vtp->ty);
+            if (follow(vtp->ty) != follow(reducedTy))
+            {
+                tail = arena->addTypePack(VariadicTypePack{reducedTy, vtp->hidden});
+                didReduce = true;
+            }
+        }
     }
 
-    return arena->addTypePack(TypePack{std::move(head), tail});
+    if (!didReduce)
+        return memoize(tp, tp);
+    else if (head.empty() && tail)
+        return memoize(tp, *tail);
+    else
+        return memoize(tp, arena->addTypePack(TypePack{std::move(head), tail}));
 }
 
 std::optional<TypeId> TypeReducer::intersectionType(TypeId left, TypeId right)
@@ -236,18 +289,7 @@ std::optional<TypeId> TypeReducer::intersectionType(TypeId left, TypeId right)
     else if (get<ErrorType>(right))
         return std::nullopt; // T & error ~ T & error
     else if (auto ut = get<UnionType>(left))
-    {
-        std::vector<TypeId> options;
-        for (TypeId option : ut)
-        {
-            if (auto result = intersectionType(option, right))
-                options.push_back(*result);
-            else
-                options.push_back(arena->addType(IntersectionType{{option, right}}));
-        }
-
-        return foldl<UnionType>(begin(options), end(options), &TypeReducer::unionType); // (A | B) & T ~ (A & T) | (B & T)
-    }
+        return reduce(distribute<IntersectionType>(begin(ut), end(ut), &TypeReducer::intersectionType, right)); // (A | B) & T ~ (A & T) | (B & T)
     else if (get<UnionType>(right))
         return intersectionType(right, left); // T & (A | B) ~ (A | B) & T
     else if (auto [p1, p2] = get2<PrimitiveType, PrimitiveType>(left, right); p1 && p2)
@@ -294,14 +336,7 @@ std::optional<TypeId> TypeReducer::intersectionType(TypeId left, TypeId right)
             return builtinTypes->neverType; // Base & Unrelated ~ never
     }
     else if (auto [f1, f2] = get2<FunctionType, FunctionType>(left, right); f1 && f2)
-    {
-        if (std::find(seen.begin(), seen.end(), left) != seen.end())
-            return std::nullopt;
-        else if (std::find(seen.begin(), seen.end(), right) != seen.end())
-            return std::nullopt;
-
         return std::nullopt; // TODO
-    }
     else if (auto [t1, t2] = get2<TableType, TableType>(left, right); t1 && t2)
     {
         if (t1->state == TableState::Free || t2->state == TableState::Free)
@@ -309,10 +344,10 @@ std::optional<TypeId> TypeReducer::intersectionType(TypeId left, TypeId right)
         else if (t1->state == TableState::Generic || t2->state == TableState::Generic)
             return std::nullopt; // '{ x: T } & { x: U } ~ '{ x: T } & { x: U }
 
-        if (std::find(seen.begin(), seen.end(), left) != seen.end())
-            return std::nullopt;
-        else if (std::find(seen.begin(), seen.end(), right) != seen.end())
-            return std::nullopt;
+        if (cyclicTypes->find(left))
+            return std::nullopt; // (t1 where t1 = { p: t1 }) & {} ~ t1 & {}
+        else if (cyclicTypes->find(right))
+            return std::nullopt; // {} & (t1 where t1 = { p: t1 }) ~ {} & t1
 
         TypeId resultTy = arena->addType(TableType{});
         TableType* table = getMutable<TableType>(resultTy);
@@ -324,8 +359,7 @@ std::optional<TypeId> TypeReducer::intersectionType(TypeId left, TypeId right)
             // even if we have the corresponding property in the other one.
             if (auto other = t2->props.find(name); other != t2->props.end())
             {
-                std::vector<TypeId> parts{prop.type, other->second.type};
-                TypeId propTy = foldl<IntersectionType>(begin(parts), end(parts), &TypeReducer::intersectionType);
+                TypeId propTy = apply<IntersectionType>(&TypeReducer::intersectionType, prop.type, other->second.type);
                 if (get<NeverType>(propTy))
                     return builtinTypes->neverType; // { p : string } & { p : number } ~ { p : string & number } ~ { p : never } ~ never
                 else
@@ -340,27 +374,33 @@ std::optional<TypeId> TypeReducer::intersectionType(TypeId left, TypeId right)
             // TODO: And vice versa, t2 properties against t1 indexer if it exists,
             // even if we have the corresponding property in the other one.
             if (!t1->props.count(name))
-                table->props[name] = prop; // {} & { p : string } ~ { p : string }
+                table->props[name] = {reduce(prop.type)}; // {} & { p : string & string } ~ { p : string }
         }
 
         if (t1->indexer && t2->indexer)
         {
-            std::vector<TypeId> keyParts{t1->indexer->indexType, t2->indexer->indexType};
-            TypeId keyTy = foldl<IntersectionType>(begin(keyParts), end(keyParts), &TypeReducer::intersectionType);
+            TypeId keyTy = apply<IntersectionType>(&TypeReducer::intersectionType, t1->indexer->indexType, t2->indexer->indexType);
             if (get<NeverType>(keyTy))
-                return builtinTypes->neverType; // { [string]: _ } & { [number]: _ } ~ { [string & number]: _ } ~ { [never]: _ } ~ never
+                return std::nullopt; // { [string]: _ } & { [number]: _ } ~ { [string]: _ } & { [number]: _ }
 
-            std::vector<TypeId> valueParts{t1->indexer->indexResultType, t2->indexer->indexResultType};
-            TypeId valueTy = foldl<IntersectionType>(begin(valueParts), end(valueParts), &TypeReducer::intersectionType);
+            TypeId valueTy = apply<IntersectionType>(&TypeReducer::intersectionType, t1->indexer->indexResultType, t2->indexer->indexResultType);
             if (get<NeverType>(valueTy))
                 return builtinTypes->neverType; // { [_]: string } & { [_]: number } ~ { [_]: string & number } ~ { [_]: never } ~ never
 
             table->indexer = TableIndexer{keyTy, valueTy};
         }
         else if (t1->indexer)
-            table->indexer = t1->indexer; // { [number]: boolean } & { p : string } ~ { p : string, [number]: boolean }
+        {
+            TypeId keyTy = reduce(t1->indexer->indexType);
+            TypeId valueTy = reduce(t1->indexer->indexResultType);
+            table->indexer = TableIndexer{keyTy, valueTy}; // { [number]: boolean } & { p : string } ~ { p : string, [number]: boolean }
+        }
         else if (t2->indexer)
-            table->indexer = t2->indexer; // { p : string } & { [number]: boolean } ~ { p : string, [number]: boolean }
+        {
+            TypeId keyTy = reduce(t2->indexer->indexType);
+            TypeId valueTy = reduce(t2->indexer->indexResultType);
+            table->indexer = TableIndexer{keyTy, valueTy}; // { p : string } & { [number]: boolean } ~ { p : string, [number]: boolean }
+        }
 
         return resultTy;
     }
@@ -506,22 +546,7 @@ std::optional<TypeId> TypeReducer::unionType(TypeId left, TypeId right)
             return std::nullopt; // Base | Unrelated ~ Base | Unrelated
     }
     else if (auto [nt, it] = get2<NegationType, IntersectionType>(left, right); nt && it)
-    {
-        std::vector<TypeId> parts;
-        for (TypeId option : it)
-        {
-            if (auto result = unionType(left, option))
-                parts.push_back(*result);
-            else
-            {
-                // TODO: does there exist a reduced form such that `~T | A` hasn't already reduced it, if `A & B` is irreducible?
-                // I want to say yes, but I can't generate a case that hits this code path.
-                parts.push_back(arena->addType(UnionType{{left, option}}));
-            }
-        }
-
-        return foldl<IntersectionType>(begin(parts), end(parts), &TypeReducer::intersectionType); // ~T | (A & B) ~ (~T | A) & (~T | B)
-    }
+        return reduce(distribute<UnionType>(begin(it), end(it), &TypeReducer::unionType, left)); // ~T | (A & B) ~ (~T | A) & (~T | B)
     else if (auto [it, nt] = get2<IntersectionType, NegationType>(left, right); it && nt)
         return unionType(right, left); // (A & B) | ~T ~ ~T | (A & B)
     else if (auto [nl, nr] = get2<NegationType, NegationType>(left, right); nl && nr)
@@ -628,8 +653,6 @@ std::optional<TypeId> TypeReducer::unionType(TypeId left, TypeId right)
 
 TypeId TypeReducer::tableType(TypeId ty)
 {
-    RecursionGuard rg = guard(ty);
-
     if (auto mt = get<MetatableType>(ty))
     {
         auto [copiedTy, copied] = copy(ty, mt);
@@ -639,15 +662,30 @@ TypeId TypeReducer::tableType(TypeId ty)
     }
     else if (auto tt = get<TableType>(ty))
     {
+        // Because of `typeof()`, we need to preserve pointer identity of free/unsealed tables so that
+        // all mutations that occurs on this will be applied without leaking the implementation details.
+        // As a result, we'll just use the type instead of cloning it if it's free/unsealed.
+        //
+        // We could choose to do in-place reductions here, but to be on the safer side, I propose that we do not.
+        if (tt->state == TableState::Free || tt->state == TableState::Unsealed)
+            return ty;
+
         auto [copiedTy, copied] = copy(ty, tt);
 
         for (auto& [name, prop] : copied->props)
-            prop.type = reduce(prop.type);
-
-        if (auto& indexer = copied->indexer)
         {
-            indexer->indexType = reduce(indexer->indexType);
-            indexer->indexResultType = reduce(indexer->indexResultType);
+            TypeId propTy = reduce(prop.type);
+            if (get<NeverType>(propTy))
+                return builtinTypes->neverType;
+            else
+                prop.type = propTy;
+        }
+
+        if (copied->indexer)
+        {
+            TypeId keyTy = reduce(copied->indexer->indexType);
+            TypeId valueTy = reduce(copied->indexer->indexResultType);
+            copied->indexer = TableIndexer{keyTy, valueTy};
         }
 
         for (TypeId& ty : copied->instantiatedTypeParams)
@@ -659,16 +697,14 @@ TypeId TypeReducer::tableType(TypeId ty)
         return copiedTy;
     }
     else
-        handle->ice("Unexpected type in TypeReducer::tableType");
+        handle->ice("TypeReducer::tableType expects a TableType or MetatableType");
 }
 
 TypeId TypeReducer::functionType(TypeId ty)
 {
-    RecursionGuard rg = guard(ty);
-
     const FunctionType* f = get<FunctionType>(ty);
     if (!f)
-        handle->ice("TypeReducer::reduce expects a FunctionType");
+        handle->ice("TypeReducer::functionType expects a FunctionType");
 
     // TODO: once we have bounded quantification, we need to be able to reduce the generic bounds.
     auto [copiedTy, copied] = copy(ty, f);
@@ -679,140 +715,238 @@ TypeId TypeReducer::functionType(TypeId ty)
 
 TypeId TypeReducer::negationType(TypeId ty)
 {
-    RecursionGuard rg = guard(ty);
+    const NegationType* n = get<NegationType>(ty);
+    if (!n)
+        return arena->addType(NegationType{ty});
 
-    if (auto nn = get<NegationType>(ty))
+    if (auto nn = get<NegationType>(n->ty))
         return nn->ty; // ~~T ~ T
-    else if (get<NeverType>(ty))
+    else if (get<NeverType>(n->ty))
         return builtinTypes->unknownType; // ~never ~ unknown
-    else if (get<UnknownType>(ty))
+    else if (get<UnknownType>(n->ty))
         return builtinTypes->neverType; // ~unknown ~ never
-    else if (get<AnyType>(ty))
+    else if (get<AnyType>(n->ty))
         return builtinTypes->anyType; // ~any ~ any
-    else if (auto ni = get<IntersectionType>(ty))
+    else if (auto ni = get<IntersectionType>(n->ty))
     {
         std::vector<TypeId> options;
         for (TypeId part : ni)
-            options.push_back(negationType(part));
-        return foldl<UnionType>(begin(options), end(options), &TypeReducer::unionType); // ~(T & U) ~ (~T | ~U)
+            options.push_back(negationType(arena->addType(NegationType{part})));
+        return reduce(flatten<UnionType>(std::move(options))); // ~(T & U) ~ (~T | ~U)
     }
-    else if (auto nu = get<UnionType>(ty))
+    else if (auto nu = get<UnionType>(n->ty))
     {
         std::vector<TypeId> parts;
         for (TypeId option : nu)
-            parts.push_back(negationType(option));
-        return foldl<IntersectionType>(begin(parts), end(parts), &TypeReducer::intersectionType); // ~(T | U) ~ (~T & ~U)
+            parts.push_back(negationType(arena->addType(NegationType{option})));
+        return reduce(flatten<IntersectionType>(std::move(parts))); // ~(T | U) ~ (~T & ~U)
     }
     else
-        return arena->addType(NegationType{ty}); // for all T except the ones handled above, ~T ~ ~T
+        return ty; // for all T except the ones handled above, ~T ~ ~T
 }
 
-RecursionGuard TypeReducer::guard(TypeId ty)
+bool TypeReducer::isIrreducible(TypeId ty)
 {
-    seen.push_back(ty);
-    return RecursionGuard{&depth, FInt::LuauTypeReductionRecursionLimit, &seen};
-}
-
-RecursionGuard TypeReducer::guard(TypePackId tp)
-{
-    seen.push_back(tp);
-    return RecursionGuard{&depth, FInt::LuauTypeReductionRecursionLimit, &seen};
-}
-
-void TypeReducer::checkCacheable(TypeId ty)
-{
-    if (!cacheOk)
-        return;
-
     ty = follow(ty);
 
     // Only does shallow check, the TypeReducer itself already does deep traversal.
-    if (get<FreeType>(ty) || get<BlockedType>(ty) || get<PendingExpansionType>(ty))
-        cacheOk = false;
+    if (auto ctx = memoizedTypes->find(ty); ctx && ctx->irreducible)
+        return true;
+    else if (get<FreeType>(ty) || get<BlockedType>(ty) || get<PendingExpansionType>(ty))
+        return false;
     else if (auto tt = get<TableType>(ty); tt && (tt->state == TableState::Free || tt->state == TableState::Unsealed))
-        cacheOk = false;
+        return false;
+    else
+        return true;
 }
 
-void TypeReducer::checkCacheable(TypePackId tp)
+bool TypeReducer::isIrreducible(TypePackId tp)
 {
-    if (!cacheOk)
-        return;
-
     tp = follow(tp);
 
     // Only does shallow check, the TypeReducer itself already does deep traversal.
-    if (get<FreeTypePack>(tp) || get<BlockedTypePack>(tp))
-        cacheOk = false;
+    if (auto ctx = memoizedTypePacks->find(tp); ctx && ctx->irreducible)
+        return true;
+    else if (get<FreeTypePack>(tp) || get<BlockedTypePack>(tp))
+        return false;
+    else if (auto vtp = get<VariadicTypePack>(tp))
+        return isIrreducible(vtp->ty);
+    else
+        return true;
 }
 
+TypeId TypeReducer::memoize(TypeId ty, TypeId reducedTy)
+{
+    ty = follow(ty);
+    reducedTy = follow(reducedTy);
+
+    // The irreducibility of this [`reducedTy`] depends on whether its contents are themselves irreducible.
+    // We don't need to recurse much further than that, because we already record the irreducibility from
+    // the bottom up.
+    bool irreducible = isIrreducible(reducedTy);
+    if (auto it = get<IntersectionType>(reducedTy))
+    {
+        for (TypeId part : it)
+            irreducible &= isIrreducible(part);
+    }
+    else if (auto ut = get<UnionType>(reducedTy))
+    {
+        for (TypeId option : ut)
+            irreducible &= isIrreducible(option);
+    }
+    else if (auto tt = get<TableType>(reducedTy))
+    {
+        for (auto& [k, p] : tt->props)
+            irreducible &= isIrreducible(p.type);
+
+        if (tt->indexer)
+        {
+            irreducible &= isIrreducible(tt->indexer->indexType);
+            irreducible &= isIrreducible(tt->indexer->indexResultType);
+        }
+
+        for (auto ta : tt->instantiatedTypeParams)
+            irreducible &= isIrreducible(ta);
+
+        for (auto tpa : tt->instantiatedTypePackParams)
+            irreducible &= isIrreducible(tpa);
+    }
+    else if (auto mt = get<MetatableType>(reducedTy))
+    {
+        irreducible &= isIrreducible(mt->table);
+        irreducible &= isIrreducible(mt->metatable);
+    }
+    else if (auto ft = get<FunctionType>(reducedTy))
+    {
+        irreducible &= isIrreducible(ft->argTypes);
+        irreducible &= isIrreducible(ft->retTypes);
+    }
+    else if (auto nt = get<NegationType>(reducedTy))
+        irreducible &= isIrreducible(nt->ty);
+
+    (*memoizedTypes)[ty] = {reducedTy, irreducible};
+    (*memoizedTypes)[reducedTy] = {reducedTy, irreducible};
+    return reducedTy;
+}
+
+TypePackId TypeReducer::memoize(TypePackId tp, TypePackId reducedTp)
+{
+    tp = follow(tp);
+    reducedTp = follow(reducedTp);
+
+    bool irreducible = isIrreducible(reducedTp);
+    TypePackIterator it = begin(tp);
+    while (it != end(tp))
+    {
+        irreducible &= isIrreducible(*it);
+        ++it;
+    }
+
+    if (it.tail())
+        irreducible &= isIrreducible(*it.tail());
+
+    (*memoizedTypePacks)[tp] = {reducedTp, irreducible};
+    (*memoizedTypePacks)[reducedTp] = {reducedTp, irreducible};
+    return reducedTp;
+}
+
+TypeId TypeReducer::memoizedOr(TypeId ty) const
+{
+    ty = follow(ty);
+
+    if (auto ctx = memoizedTypes->find(ty))
+        return ctx->type;
+    else
+        return ty;
+};
+
+TypePackId TypeReducer::memoizedOr(TypePackId tp) const
+{
+    tp = follow(tp);
+
+    if (auto ctx = memoizedTypePacks->find(tp))
+        return ctx->type;
+    else
+        return tp;
+};
+
+struct MarkCycles : TypeVisitor
+{
+    DenseHashSet<TypeId> cyclicTypes{nullptr};
+
+    void cycle(TypeId ty) override
+    {
+        cyclicTypes.insert(ty);
+    }
+
+    bool visit(TypeId ty) override
+    {
+        return !cyclicTypes.find(ty);
+    }
+};
+
 } // namespace
 
-TypeReduction::TypeReduction(NotNull<TypeArena> arena, NotNull<BuiltinTypes> builtinTypes, NotNull<InternalErrorReporter> handle)
+TypeReduction::TypeReduction(
+    NotNull<TypeArena> arena, NotNull<BuiltinTypes> builtinTypes, NotNull<InternalErrorReporter> handle, const TypeReductionOptions& opts)
     : arena(arena)
     , builtinTypes(builtinTypes)
     , handle(handle)
+    , options(opts)
 {
 }
 
 std::optional<TypeId> TypeReduction::reduce(TypeId ty)
 {
-    if (auto found = cachedTypes.find(ty))
-        return *found;
+    ty = follow(ty);
 
-    auto [reducedTy, cacheOk] = reduceImpl(ty);
-    if (cacheOk)
-        cachedTypes[ty] = *reducedTy;
+    if (FFlag::DebugLuauDontReduceTypes)
+        return ty;
+    else if (!options.allowTypeReductionsFromOtherArenas && ty->owningArena != arena)
+        return ty;
+    else if (auto ctx = memoizedTypes.find(ty); ctx && ctx->irreducible)
+        return ctx->type;
+    else if (hasExceededCartesianProductLimit(ty))
+        return std::nullopt;
 
-    return reducedTy;
+    try
+    {
+        MarkCycles finder;
+        finder.traverse(ty);
+
+        TypeReducer reducer{arena, builtinTypes, handle, &memoizedTypes, &memoizedTypePacks, &finder.cyclicTypes};
+        return reducer.reduce(ty);
+    }
+    catch (const RecursionLimitException&)
+    {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
 }
 
 std::optional<TypePackId> TypeReduction::reduce(TypePackId tp)
 {
-    if (auto found = cachedTypePacks.find(tp))
-        return *found;
+    tp = follow(tp);
 
-    auto [reducedTp, cacheOk] = reduceImpl(tp);
-    if (cacheOk)
-        cachedTypePacks[tp] = *reducedTp;
-
-    return reducedTp;
-}
-
-std::pair<std::optional<TypeId>, bool> TypeReduction::reduceImpl(TypeId ty)
-{
     if (FFlag::DebugLuauDontReduceTypes)
-        return {ty, false};
-
-    if (hasExceededCartesianProductLimit(ty))
-        return {std::nullopt, false};
+        return tp;
+    else if (!options.allowTypeReductionsFromOtherArenas && tp->owningArena != arena)
+        return tp;
+    else if (auto ctx = memoizedTypePacks.find(tp); ctx && ctx->irreducible)
+        return ctx->type;
+    else if (hasExceededCartesianProductLimit(tp))
+        return std::nullopt;
 
     try
     {
-        TypeReducer reducer{arena, builtinTypes, handle};
-        return {reducer.reduce(ty), reducer.cacheOk};
+        MarkCycles finder;
+        finder.traverse(tp);
+
+        TypeReducer reducer{arena, builtinTypes, handle, &memoizedTypes, &memoizedTypePacks, &finder.cyclicTypes};
+        return reducer.reduce(tp);
     }
     catch (const RecursionLimitException&)
     {
-        return {std::nullopt, false};
-    }
-}
-
-std::pair<std::optional<TypePackId>, bool> TypeReduction::reduceImpl(TypePackId tp)
-{
-    if (FFlag::DebugLuauDontReduceTypes)
-        return {tp, false};
-
-    if (hasExceededCartesianProductLimit(tp))
-        return {std::nullopt, false};
-
-    try
-    {
-        TypeReducer reducer{arena, builtinTypes, handle};
-        return {reducer.reduce(tp), reducer.cacheOk};
-    }
-    catch (const RecursionLimitException&)
-    {
-        return {std::nullopt, false};
+        return std::nullopt;
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/Analysis/src/Unifiable.cpp b/Analysis/src/Unifiable.cpp
index e0cc1414..9db8f7f0 100644
--- a/Analysis/src/Unifiable.cpp
+++ b/Analysis/src/Unifiable.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // This file is part of the Luau programming language and is licensed under MIT License; see LICENSE.txt for details
 #include "Luau/Unifiable.h"
 
-LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauTypeNormalization2);
-
 namespace Luau
 {
 namespace Unifiable
@@ -11,19 +9,19 @@ namespace Unifiable
 static int nextIndex = 0;
 
 Free::Free(TypeLevel level)
-    : index(FFlag::LuauTypeNormalization2 ? ++nextIndex : ++DEPRECATED_nextIndex)
+    : index(++nextIndex)
     , level(level)
 {
 }
 
 Free::Free(Scope* scope)
-    : index(FFlag::LuauTypeNormalization2 ? ++nextIndex : ++DEPRECATED_nextIndex)
+    : index(++nextIndex)
     , scope(scope)
 {
 }
 
 Free::Free(Scope* scope, TypeLevel level)
-    : index(FFlag::LuauTypeNormalization2 ? ++nextIndex : ++DEPRECATED_nextIndex)
+    : index(++nextIndex)
     , level(level)
     , scope(scope)
 {
@@ -32,33 +30,33 @@ Free::Free(Scope* scope, TypeLevel level)
 int Free::DEPRECATED_nextIndex = 0;
 
 Generic::Generic()
-    : index(FFlag::LuauTypeNormalization2 ? ++nextIndex : ++DEPRECATED_nextIndex)
+    : index(++nextIndex)
     , name("g" + std::to_string(index))
 {
 }
 
 Generic::Generic(TypeLevel level)
-    : index(FFlag::LuauTypeNormalization2 ? ++nextIndex : ++DEPRECATED_nextIndex)
+    : index(++nextIndex)
     , level(level)
     , name("g" + std::to_string(index))
 {
 }
 
 Generic::Generic(const Name& name)
-    : index(FFlag::LuauTypeNormalization2 ? ++nextIndex : ++DEPRECATED_nextIndex)
+    : index(++nextIndex)
     , name(name)
     , explicitName(true)
 {
 }
 
 Generic::Generic(Scope* scope)
-    : index(FFlag::LuauTypeNormalization2 ? ++nextIndex : ++DEPRECATED_nextIndex)
+    : index(++nextIndex)
     , scope(scope)
 {
 }
 
 Generic::Generic(TypeLevel level, const Name& name)
-    : index(FFlag::LuauTypeNormalization2 ? ++nextIndex : ++DEPRECATED_nextIndex)
+    : index(++nextIndex)
     , level(level)
     , name(name)
     , explicitName(true)
@@ -66,7 +64,7 @@ Generic::Generic(TypeLevel level, const Name& name)
 }
 
 Generic::Generic(Scope* scope, const Name& name)
-    : index(FFlag::LuauTypeNormalization2 ? ++nextIndex : ++DEPRECATED_nextIndex)
+    : index(++nextIndex)
     , scope(scope)
     , name(name)
     , explicitName(true)
diff --git a/Analysis/src/Unifier.cpp b/Analysis/src/Unifier.cpp
index d35e3771..80f63f10 100644
--- a/Analysis/src/Unifier.cpp
+++ b/Analysis/src/Unifier.cpp
@@ -18,15 +18,13 @@
 LUAU_FASTINT(LuauTypeInferTypePackLoopLimit);
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauErrorRecoveryType);
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauUnknownAndNeverType)
-LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauReportTypeMismatchForTypePackUnificationFailure, false)
-LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauSubtypeNormalizer, false);
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauScalarShapeSubtyping, false)
+LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauUnifyAnyTxnLog, false)
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauInstantiateInSubtyping, false)
-LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauOverloadedFunctionSubtypingPerf, false);
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauScalarShapeUnifyToMtOwner2, false)
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauUninhabitedSubAnything2, false)
+LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauMaintainScopesInUnifier, false)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauClassTypeVarsInSubstitution)
-LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauTxnLogTypePackIterator)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(DebugLuauDeferredConstraintResolution)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauNegatedFunctionTypes)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauNegatedClassTypes)
@@ -378,7 +376,7 @@ Unifier::Unifier(NotNull<Normalizer> normalizer, Mode mode, NotNull<Scope> scope
     , variance(variance)
     , sharedState(*normalizer->sharedState)
 {
-    normalize = FFlag::LuauSubtypeNormalizer;
+    normalize = true;
     LUAU_ASSERT(sharedState.iceHandler);
 }
 
@@ -480,17 +478,40 @@ void Unifier::tryUnify_(TypeId subTy, TypeId superTy, bool isFunctionCall, bool
         return;
     }
 
-    if (get<ErrorType>(superTy) || get<AnyType>(superTy) || get<UnknownType>(superTy))
-        return tryUnifyWithAny(subTy, superTy);
+    if (FFlag::LuauUnifyAnyTxnLog)
+    {
+        if (log.get<AnyType>(superTy))
+            return tryUnifyWithAny(subTy, builtinTypes->anyType);
 
-    if (get<AnyType>(subTy))
-        return tryUnifyWithAny(superTy, subTy);
+        if (log.get<ErrorType>(superTy))
+            return tryUnifyWithAny(subTy, builtinTypes->errorType);
 
-    if (log.get<ErrorType>(subTy))
-        return tryUnifyWithAny(superTy, subTy);
+        if (log.get<UnknownType>(superTy))
+            return tryUnifyWithAny(subTy, builtinTypes->unknownType);
 
-    if (log.get<NeverType>(subTy))
-        return tryUnifyWithAny(superTy, subTy);
+        if (log.get<AnyType>(subTy))
+            return tryUnifyWithAny(superTy, builtinTypes->anyType);
+
+        if (log.get<ErrorType>(subTy))
+            return tryUnifyWithAny(superTy, builtinTypes->errorType);
+
+        if (log.get<NeverType>(subTy))
+            return tryUnifyWithAny(superTy, builtinTypes->neverType);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if (get<ErrorType>(superTy) || get<AnyType>(superTy) || get<UnknownType>(superTy))
+            return tryUnifyWithAny(subTy, superTy);
+
+        if (get<AnyType>(subTy))
+            return tryUnifyWithAny(superTy, subTy);
+
+        if (log.get<ErrorType>(subTy))
+            return tryUnifyWithAny(superTy, subTy);
+
+        if (log.get<NeverType>(subTy))
+            return tryUnifyWithAny(superTy, subTy);
+    }
 
     auto& cache = sharedState.cachedUnify;
 
@@ -524,10 +545,6 @@ void Unifier::tryUnify_(TypeId subTy, TypeId superTy, bool isFunctionCall, bool
     {
         tryUnifyUnionWithType(subTy, subUnion, superTy);
     }
-    else if (const UnionType* uv = (FFlag::LuauSubtypeNormalizer ? nullptr : log.getMutable<UnionType>(superTy)))
-    {
-        tryUnifyTypeWithUnion(subTy, superTy, uv, cacheEnabled, isFunctionCall);
-    }
     else if (const IntersectionType* uv = log.getMutable<IntersectionType>(superTy))
     {
         tryUnifyTypeWithIntersection(subTy, superTy, uv);
@@ -915,8 +932,6 @@ void Unifier::tryUnifyIntersectionWithType(TypeId subTy, const IntersectionType*
 void Unifier::tryUnifyNormalizedTypes(
     TypeId subTy, TypeId superTy, const NormalizedType& subNorm, const NormalizedType& superNorm, std::string reason, std::optional<TypeError> error)
 {
-    LUAU_ASSERT(FFlag::LuauSubtypeNormalizer);
-
     if (get<UnknownType>(superNorm.tops) || get<AnyType>(superNorm.tops) || get<AnyType>(subNorm.tops))
         return;
     else if (get<UnknownType>(subNorm.tops))
@@ -1096,12 +1111,9 @@ TypePackId Unifier::tryApplyOverloadedFunction(TypeId function, const Normalized
                     log.concat(std::move(innerState.log));
                     if (result)
                     {
-                        if (FFlag::LuauOverloadedFunctionSubtypingPerf)
-                        {
-                            innerState.log.clear();
-                            innerState.tryUnify_(*result, ftv->retTypes);
-                        }
-                        if (FFlag::LuauOverloadedFunctionSubtypingPerf && innerState.errors.empty())
+                        innerState.log.clear();
+                        innerState.tryUnify_(*result, ftv->retTypes);
+                        if (innerState.errors.empty())
                             log.concat(std::move(innerState.log));
                         // Annoyingly, since we don't support intersection of generic type packs,
                         // the intersection may fail. We rather arbitrarily use the first matching overload
@@ -1250,8 +1262,11 @@ struct WeirdIter
         LUAU_ASSERT(canGrow());
         LUAU_ASSERT(log.getMutable<TypePack>(newTail));
 
-        level = log.getMutable<Unifiable::Free>(packId)->level;
-        scope = log.getMutable<Unifiable::Free>(packId)->scope;
+        auto freePack = log.getMutable<Unifiable::Free>(packId);
+
+        level = freePack->level;
+        if (FFlag::LuauMaintainScopesInUnifier && freePack->scope != nullptr)
+            scope = freePack->scope;
         log.replace(packId, BoundTypePack(newTail));
         packId = newTail;
         pack = log.getMutable<TypePack>(newTail);
@@ -1380,6 +1395,12 @@ void Unifier::tryUnify_(TypePackId subTp, TypePackId superTp, bool isFunctionCal
         auto superIter = WeirdIter(superTp, log);
         auto subIter = WeirdIter(subTp, log);
 
+        if (FFlag::LuauMaintainScopesInUnifier)
+        {
+            superIter.scope = scope.get();
+            subIter.scope = scope.get();
+        }
+
         auto mkFreshType = [this](Scope* scope, TypeLevel level) {
             return types->freshType(scope, level);
         };
@@ -1420,15 +1441,9 @@ void Unifier::tryUnify_(TypePackId subTp, TypePackId superTp, bool isFunctionCal
             // If both are at the end, we're done
             if (!superIter.good() && !subIter.good())
             {
-                if (!FFlag::LuauTxnLogTypePackIterator && subTpv->tail && superTpv->tail)
-                {
-                    tryUnify_(*subTpv->tail, *superTpv->tail);
-                    break;
-                }
-
                 const bool lFreeTail = superTpv->tail && log.getMutable<FreeTypePack>(log.follow(*superTpv->tail)) != nullptr;
                 const bool rFreeTail = subTpv->tail && log.getMutable<FreeTypePack>(log.follow(*subTpv->tail)) != nullptr;
-                if (FFlag::LuauTxnLogTypePackIterator && lFreeTail && rFreeTail)
+                if (lFreeTail && rFreeTail)
                 {
                     tryUnify_(*subTpv->tail, *superTpv->tail);
                 }
@@ -1440,7 +1455,7 @@ void Unifier::tryUnify_(TypePackId subTp, TypePackId superTp, bool isFunctionCal
                 {
                     tryUnify_(emptyTp, *subTpv->tail);
                 }
-                else if (FFlag::LuauTxnLogTypePackIterator && subTpv->tail && superTpv->tail)
+                else if (subTpv->tail && superTpv->tail)
                 {
                     if (log.getMutable<VariadicTypePack>(superIter.packId))
                         tryUnifyVariadics(subIter.packId, superIter.packId, false, int(subIter.index));
@@ -1523,10 +1538,7 @@ void Unifier::tryUnify_(TypePackId subTp, TypePackId superTp, bool isFunctionCal
     }
     else
     {
-        if (FFlag::LuauReportTypeMismatchForTypePackUnificationFailure)
-            reportError(location, TypePackMismatch{subTp, superTp});
-        else
-            reportError(location, GenericError{"Failed to unify type packs"});
+        reportError(location, TypePackMismatch{subTp, superTp});
     }
 }
 
@@ -2356,11 +2368,11 @@ void Unifier::tryUnifyVariadics(TypePackId subTp, TypePackId superTp, bool rever
     if (!superVariadic)
         ice("passed non-variadic pack to tryUnifyVariadics");
 
-    if (const VariadicTypePack* subVariadic = FFlag::LuauTxnLogTypePackIterator ? log.get<VariadicTypePack>(subTp) : get<VariadicTypePack>(subTp))
+    if (const VariadicTypePack* subVariadic = log.get<VariadicTypePack>(subTp))
     {
         tryUnify_(reversed ? superVariadic->ty : subVariadic->ty, reversed ? subVariadic->ty : superVariadic->ty);
     }
-    else if (FFlag::LuauTxnLogTypePackIterator ? log.get<TypePack>(subTp) : get<TypePack>(subTp))
+    else if (log.get<TypePack>(subTp))
     {
         TypePackIterator subIter = begin(subTp, &log);
         TypePackIterator subEnd = end(subTp);
@@ -2465,9 +2477,18 @@ void Unifier::tryUnifyWithAny(TypeId subTy, TypeId anyTy)
 {
     LUAU_ASSERT(get<AnyType>(anyTy) || get<ErrorType>(anyTy) || get<UnknownType>(anyTy) || get<NeverType>(anyTy));
 
-    // These types are not visited in general loop below
-    if (get<PrimitiveType>(subTy) || get<AnyType>(subTy) || get<ClassType>(subTy))
-        return;
+    if (FFlag::LuauUnifyAnyTxnLog)
+    {
+        // These types are not visited in general loop below
+        if (log.get<PrimitiveType>(subTy) || log.get<AnyType>(subTy) || log.get<ClassType>(subTy))
+            return;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // These types are not visited in general loop below
+        if (get<PrimitiveType>(subTy) || get<AnyType>(subTy) || get<ClassType>(subTy))
+            return;
+    }
 
     TypePackId anyTp;
     if (FFlag::LuauUnknownAndNeverType)
diff --git a/Ast/include/Luau/Ast.h b/Ast/include/Luau/Ast.h
index aa87d9e8..7731312d 100644
--- a/Ast/include/Luau/Ast.h
+++ b/Ast/include/Luau/Ast.h
@@ -983,12 +983,13 @@ class AstStatTypeAlias : public AstStat
 public:
     LUAU_RTTI(AstStatTypeAlias)
 
-    AstStatTypeAlias(const Location& location, const AstName& name, const AstArray<AstGenericType>& generics,
+    AstStatTypeAlias(const Location& location, const AstName& name, const Location& nameLocation, const AstArray<AstGenericType>& generics,
         const AstArray<AstGenericTypePack>& genericPacks, AstType* type, bool exported);
 
     void visit(AstVisitor* visitor) override;
 
     AstName name;
+    Location nameLocation;
     AstArray<AstGenericType> generics;
     AstArray<AstGenericTypePack> genericPacks;
     AstType* type;
diff --git a/Ast/src/Ast.cpp b/Ast/src/Ast.cpp
index cbed8bae..e01ced04 100644
--- a/Ast/src/Ast.cpp
+++ b/Ast/src/Ast.cpp
@@ -647,10 +647,11 @@ void AstStatLocalFunction::visit(AstVisitor* visitor)
         func->visit(visitor);
 }
 
-AstStatTypeAlias::AstStatTypeAlias(const Location& location, const AstName& name, const AstArray<AstGenericType>& generics,
-    const AstArray<AstGenericTypePack>& genericPacks, AstType* type, bool exported)
+AstStatTypeAlias::AstStatTypeAlias(const Location& location, const AstName& name, const Location& nameLocation,
+    const AstArray<AstGenericType>& generics, const AstArray<AstGenericTypePack>& genericPacks, AstType* type, bool exported)
     : AstStat(ClassIndex(), location)
     , name(name)
+    , nameLocation(nameLocation)
     , generics(generics)
     , genericPacks(genericPacks)
     , type(type)
diff --git a/Ast/src/Parser.cpp b/Ast/src/Parser.cpp
index dea54c16..c71bd7c5 100644
--- a/Ast/src/Parser.cpp
+++ b/Ast/src/Parser.cpp
@@ -768,7 +768,7 @@ AstStat* Parser::parseTypeAlias(const Location& start, bool exported)
 
     AstType* type = parseTypeAnnotation();
 
-    return allocator.alloc<AstStatTypeAlias>(Location(start, type->location), name->name, generics, genericPacks, type, exported);
+    return allocator.alloc<AstStatTypeAlias>(Location(start, type->location), name->name, name->location, generics, genericPacks, type, exported);
 }
 
 AstDeclaredClassProp Parser::parseDeclaredClassMethod()
diff --git a/CodeGen/src/CodeGen.cpp b/CodeGen/src/CodeGen.cpp
index 72c1294f..405b92dd 100644
--- a/CodeGen/src/CodeGen.cpp
+++ b/CodeGen/src/CodeGen.cpp
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ static int emitInst(AssemblyBuilderX64& build, NativeState& data, ModuleHelpers&
         emitInstForNPrep(build, pc, i, labelarr[i + 1 + LUAU_INSN_D(*pc)]);
         break;
     case LOP_FORNLOOP:
-        emitInstForNLoop(build, pc, i, labelarr[i + 1 + LUAU_INSN_D(*pc)]);
+        emitInstForNLoop(build, pc, i, labelarr[i + 1 + LUAU_INSN_D(*pc)], next);
         break;
     case LOP_FORGLOOP:
         emitinstForGLoop(build, pc, i, labelarr[i + 1 + LUAU_INSN_D(*pc)], next, fallback);
diff --git a/CodeGen/src/EmitCommonX64.cpp b/CodeGen/src/EmitCommonX64.cpp
index 2c410ae8..f1f6ba66 100644
--- a/CodeGen/src/EmitCommonX64.cpp
+++ b/CodeGen/src/EmitCommonX64.cpp
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ void callGetFastTmOrFallback(AssemblyBuilderX64& build, RegisterX64 table, TMS t
     // rArg1 is already prepared
     build.mov(rArg2, tm);
     build.mov(rax, qword[rState + offsetof(lua_State, global)]);
-    build.mov(rArg3, qword[rax + offsetof(global_State, tmname[tm])]);
+    build.mov(rArg3, qword[rax + offsetof(global_State, tmname) + tm * sizeof(TString*)]);
     build.call(qword[rNativeContext + offsetof(NativeContext, luaT_gettm)]);
 }
 
diff --git a/CodeGen/src/EmitInstructionX64.cpp b/CodeGen/src/EmitInstructionX64.cpp
index 7b6e1c64..e1212eab 100644
--- a/CodeGen/src/EmitInstructionX64.cpp
+++ b/CodeGen/src/EmitInstructionX64.cpp
@@ -1010,17 +1010,15 @@ static int emitInstFastCallN(
 
     if (nparams == LUA_MULTRET)
     {
-        // TODO: for SystemV ABI we can compute the result directly into rArg6
         // L->top - (ra + 1)
-        build.mov(rcx, qword[rState + offsetof(lua_State, top)]);
+        RegisterX64 reg = (build.abi == ABIX64::Windows) ? rcx : rArg6;
+        build.mov(reg, qword[rState + offsetof(lua_State, top)]);
         build.lea(rdx, addr[rBase + (ra + 1) * sizeof(TValue)]);
-        build.sub(rcx, rdx);
-        build.shr(rcx, kTValueSizeLog2);
+        build.sub(reg, rdx);
+        build.shr(reg, kTValueSizeLog2);
 
         if (build.abi == ABIX64::Windows)
-            build.mov(sArg6, rcx);
-        else
-            build.mov(rArg6, rcx);
+            build.mov(sArg6, reg);
     }
     else
     {
@@ -1126,7 +1124,7 @@ void emitInstForNPrep(AssemblyBuilderX64& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpo
     build.setLabel(exit);
 }
 
-void emitInstForNLoop(AssemblyBuilderX64& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos, Label& loopRepeat)
+void emitInstForNLoop(AssemblyBuilderX64& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos, Label& loopRepeat, Label& loopExit)
 {
     emitInterrupt(build, pcpos);
 
@@ -1144,20 +1142,18 @@ void emitInstForNLoop(AssemblyBuilderX64& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpo
     build.vaddsd(idx, idx, step);
     build.vmovsd(luauRegValue(ra + 2), idx);
 
-    Label reverse, exit;
+    Label reverse;
 
     // step <= 0
     jumpOnNumberCmp(build, noreg, step, zero, ConditionX64::LessEqual, reverse);
 
     // false: idx <= limit
     jumpOnNumberCmp(build, noreg, idx, limit, ConditionX64::LessEqual, loopRepeat);
-    build.jmp(exit);
+    build.jmp(loopExit);
 
     // true: limit <= idx
     build.setLabel(reverse);
     jumpOnNumberCmp(build, noreg, limit, idx, ConditionX64::LessEqual, loopRepeat);
-
-    build.setLabel(exit);
 }
 
 void emitinstForGLoop(AssemblyBuilderX64& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos, Label& loopRepeat, Label& loopExit, Label& fallback)
diff --git a/CodeGen/src/EmitInstructionX64.h b/CodeGen/src/EmitInstructionX64.h
index 96501e63..83dfa8c8 100644
--- a/CodeGen/src/EmitInstructionX64.h
+++ b/CodeGen/src/EmitInstructionX64.h
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ int emitInstFastCall2(AssemblyBuilderX64& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpo
 int emitInstFastCall2K(AssemblyBuilderX64& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos, Label& fallback);
 int emitInstFastCall(AssemblyBuilderX64& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos, Label& fallback);
 void emitInstForNPrep(AssemblyBuilderX64& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos, Label& loopExit);
-void emitInstForNLoop(AssemblyBuilderX64& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos, Label& loopRepeat);
+void emitInstForNLoop(AssemblyBuilderX64& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos, Label& loopRepeat, Label& loopExit);
 void emitinstForGLoop(AssemblyBuilderX64& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos, Label& loopRepeat, Label& loopExit, Label& fallback);
 void emitinstForGLoopFallback(AssemblyBuilderX64& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos, Label& loopRepeat);
 void emitInstForGPrepNext(AssemblyBuilderX64& build, const Instruction* pc, Label& target, Label& fallback);
diff --git a/CodeGen/src/IrBuilder.cpp b/CodeGen/src/IrBuilder.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..56968c1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CodeGen/src/IrBuilder.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,563 @@
+// This file is part of the Luau programming language and is licensed under MIT License; see LICENSE.txt for details
+#include "IrBuilder.h"
+
+#include "Luau/Common.h"
+
+#include "CustomExecUtils.h"
+#include "IrTranslation.h"
+#include "IrUtils.h"
+
+#include "lapi.h"
+
+namespace Luau
+{
+namespace CodeGen
+{
+
+constexpr unsigned kNoAssociatedBlockIndex = ~0u;
+
+void IrBuilder::buildFunctionIr(Proto* proto)
+{
+    function.proto = proto;
+
+    // Rebuild original control flow blocks
+    rebuildBytecodeBasicBlocks(proto);
+
+    function.bcMapping.resize(proto->sizecode, {~0u, 0});
+
+    // Translate all instructions to IR inside blocks
+    for (int i = 0; i < proto->sizecode;)
+    {
+        const Instruction* pc = &proto->code[i];
+        LuauOpcode op = LuauOpcode(LUAU_INSN_OP(*pc));
+
+        int nexti = i + getOpLength(op);
+        LUAU_ASSERT(nexti <= proto->sizecode);
+
+        function.bcMapping[i] = {uint32_t(function.instructions.size()), 0};
+
+        // Begin new block at this instruction if it was in the bytecode or requested during translation
+        if (instIndexToBlock[i] != kNoAssociatedBlockIndex)
+            beginBlock(blockAtInst(i));
+
+        translateInst(op, pc, i);
+
+        i = nexti;
+        LUAU_ASSERT(i <= proto->sizecode);
+
+        // If we are going into a new block at the next instruction and it's a fallthrough, jump has to be placed to mark block termination
+        if (i < int(instIndexToBlock.size()) && instIndexToBlock[i] != kNoAssociatedBlockIndex)
+        {
+            if (!isBlockTerminator(function.instructions.back().cmd))
+                inst(IrCmd::JUMP, blockAtInst(i));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void IrBuilder::rebuildBytecodeBasicBlocks(Proto* proto)
+{
+    instIndexToBlock.resize(proto->sizecode, kNoAssociatedBlockIndex);
+
+    // Mark jump targets
+    std::vector<uint8_t> jumpTargets(proto->sizecode, 0);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < proto->sizecode;)
+    {
+        const Instruction* pc = &proto->code[i];
+        LuauOpcode op = LuauOpcode(LUAU_INSN_OP(*pc));
+
+        int target = getJumpTarget(*pc, uint32_t(i));
+
+        if (target >= 0 && !isFastCall(op))
+            jumpTargets[target] = true;
+
+        i += getOpLength(op);
+        LUAU_ASSERT(i <= proto->sizecode);
+    }
+
+
+    // Bytecode blocks are created at bytecode jump targets and the start of a function
+    jumpTargets[0] = true;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < proto->sizecode; i++)
+    {
+        if (jumpTargets[i])
+        {
+            IrOp b = block(IrBlockKind::Bytecode);
+            instIndexToBlock[i] = b.index;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void IrBuilder::translateInst(LuauOpcode op, const Instruction* pc, int i)
+{
+    switch (op)
+    {
+    case LOP_NOP:
+        break;
+    case LOP_LOADNIL:
+        translateInstLoadNil(*this, pc);
+        break;
+    case LOP_LOADB:
+        translateInstLoadB(*this, pc, i);
+        break;
+    case LOP_LOADN:
+        translateInstLoadN(*this, pc);
+        break;
+    case LOP_LOADK:
+        translateInstLoadK(*this, pc);
+        break;
+    case LOP_LOADKX:
+        translateInstLoadKX(*this, pc);
+        break;
+    case LOP_MOVE:
+        translateInstMove(*this, pc);
+        break;
+    case LOP_GETGLOBAL:
+        translateInstGetGlobal(*this, pc, i);
+        break;
+    case LOP_SETGLOBAL:
+        translateInstSetGlobal(*this, pc, i);
+        break;
+    case LOP_CALL:
+        inst(IrCmd::LOP_CALL, constUint(i));
+
+        if (activeFastcallFallback)
+        {
+            inst(IrCmd::JUMP, fastcallFallbackReturn);
+
+            beginBlock(fastcallFallbackReturn);
+
+            activeFastcallFallback = false;
+        }
+        break;
+    case LOP_RETURN:
+        inst(IrCmd::LOP_RETURN, constUint(i));
+        break;
+    case LOP_GETTABLE:
+        translateInstGetTable(*this, pc, i);
+        break;
+    case LOP_SETTABLE:
+        translateInstSetTable(*this, pc, i);
+        break;
+    case LOP_GETTABLEKS:
+        translateInstGetTableKS(*this, pc, i);
+        break;
+    case LOP_SETTABLEKS:
+        translateInstSetTableKS(*this, pc, i);
+        break;
+    case LOP_GETTABLEN:
+        translateInstGetTableN(*this, pc, i);
+        break;
+    case LOP_SETTABLEN:
+        translateInstSetTableN(*this, pc, i);
+        break;
+    case LOP_JUMP:
+        translateInstJump(*this, pc, i);
+        break;
+    case LOP_JUMPBACK:
+        translateInstJumpBack(*this, pc, i);
+        break;
+    case LOP_JUMPIF:
+        translateInstJumpIf(*this, pc, i, /* not_ */ false);
+        break;
+    case LOP_JUMPIFNOT:
+        translateInstJumpIf(*this, pc, i, /* not_ */ true);
+        break;
+    case LOP_JUMPIFEQ:
+        translateInstJumpIfEq(*this, pc, i, /* not_ */ false);
+        break;
+    case LOP_JUMPIFLE:
+        translateInstJumpIfCond(*this, pc, i, IrCondition::LessEqual);
+        break;
+    case LOP_JUMPIFLT:
+        translateInstJumpIfCond(*this, pc, i, IrCondition::Less);
+        break;
+    case LOP_JUMPIFNOTEQ:
+        translateInstJumpIfEq(*this, pc, i, /* not_ */ true);
+        break;
+    case LOP_JUMPIFNOTLE:
+        translateInstJumpIfCond(*this, pc, i, IrCondition::NotLessEqual);
+        break;
+    case LOP_JUMPIFNOTLT:
+        translateInstJumpIfCond(*this, pc, i, IrCondition::NotLess);
+        break;
+    case LOP_JUMPX:
+        translateInstJumpX(*this, pc, i);
+        break;
+    case LOP_JUMPXEQKNIL:
+        translateInstJumpxEqNil(*this, pc, i);
+        break;
+    case LOP_JUMPXEQKB:
+        translateInstJumpxEqB(*this, pc, i);
+        break;
+    case LOP_JUMPXEQKN:
+        translateInstJumpxEqN(*this, pc, i);
+        break;
+    case LOP_JUMPXEQKS:
+        translateInstJumpxEqS(*this, pc, i);
+        break;
+    case LOP_ADD:
+        translateInstBinary(*this, pc, i, TM_ADD);
+        break;
+    case LOP_SUB:
+        translateInstBinary(*this, pc, i, TM_SUB);
+        break;
+    case LOP_MUL:
+        translateInstBinary(*this, pc, i, TM_MUL);
+        break;
+    case LOP_DIV:
+        translateInstBinary(*this, pc, i, TM_DIV);
+        break;
+    case LOP_MOD:
+        translateInstBinary(*this, pc, i, TM_MOD);
+        break;
+    case LOP_POW:
+        translateInstBinary(*this, pc, i, TM_POW);
+        break;
+    case LOP_ADDK:
+        translateInstBinaryK(*this, pc, i, TM_ADD);
+        break;
+    case LOP_SUBK:
+        translateInstBinaryK(*this, pc, i, TM_SUB);
+        break;
+    case LOP_MULK:
+        translateInstBinaryK(*this, pc, i, TM_MUL);
+        break;
+    case LOP_DIVK:
+        translateInstBinaryK(*this, pc, i, TM_DIV);
+        break;
+    case LOP_MODK:
+        translateInstBinaryK(*this, pc, i, TM_MOD);
+        break;
+    case LOP_POWK:
+        translateInstBinaryK(*this, pc, i, TM_POW);
+        break;
+    case LOP_NOT:
+        translateInstNot(*this, pc);
+        break;
+    case LOP_MINUS:
+        translateInstMinus(*this, pc, i);
+        break;
+    case LOP_LENGTH:
+        translateInstLength(*this, pc, i);
+        break;
+    case LOP_NEWTABLE:
+        translateInstNewTable(*this, pc, i);
+        break;
+    case LOP_DUPTABLE:
+        translateInstDupTable(*this, pc, i);
+        break;
+    case LOP_SETLIST:
+        inst(IrCmd::LOP_SETLIST, constUint(i));
+        break;
+    case LOP_GETUPVAL:
+        translateInstGetUpval(*this, pc, i);
+        break;
+    case LOP_SETUPVAL:
+        translateInstSetUpval(*this, pc, i);
+        break;
+    case LOP_CLOSEUPVALS:
+        translateInstCloseUpvals(*this, pc);
+        break;
+    case LOP_FASTCALL:
+    {
+        IrOp fallback = block(IrBlockKind::Fallback);
+        IrOp next = blockAtInst(i + LUAU_INSN_C(*pc) + 2);
+
+        inst(IrCmd::LOP_FASTCALL, constUint(i), fallback);
+        inst(IrCmd::JUMP, next);
+
+        beginBlock(fallback);
+
+        activeFastcallFallback = true;
+        fastcallFallbackReturn = next;
+        break;
+    }
+    case LOP_FASTCALL1:
+    {
+        IrOp fallback = block(IrBlockKind::Fallback);
+        IrOp next = blockAtInst(i + LUAU_INSN_C(*pc) + 2);
+
+        inst(IrCmd::LOP_FASTCALL1, constUint(i), fallback);
+        inst(IrCmd::JUMP, next);
+
+        beginBlock(fallback);
+
+        activeFastcallFallback = true;
+        fastcallFallbackReturn = next;
+        break;
+    }
+    case LOP_FASTCALL2:
+    {
+        IrOp fallback = block(IrBlockKind::Fallback);
+        IrOp next = blockAtInst(i + LUAU_INSN_C(*pc) + 2);
+
+        inst(IrCmd::LOP_FASTCALL2, constUint(i), fallback);
+        inst(IrCmd::JUMP, next);
+
+        beginBlock(fallback);
+
+        activeFastcallFallback = true;
+        fastcallFallbackReturn = next;
+        break;
+    }
+    case LOP_FASTCALL2K:
+    {
+        IrOp fallback = block(IrBlockKind::Fallback);
+        IrOp next = blockAtInst(i + LUAU_INSN_C(*pc) + 2);
+
+        inst(IrCmd::LOP_FASTCALL2K, constUint(i), fallback);
+        inst(IrCmd::JUMP, next);
+
+        beginBlock(fallback);
+
+        activeFastcallFallback = true;
+        fastcallFallbackReturn = next;
+        break;
+    }
+    case LOP_FORNPREP:
+    {
+        IrOp loopExit = blockAtInst(i + 1 + LUAU_INSN_D(*pc));
+
+        inst(IrCmd::LOP_FORNPREP, constUint(i), loopExit);
+        break;
+    }
+    case LOP_FORNLOOP:
+    {
+        IrOp loopRepeat = blockAtInst(i + 1 + LUAU_INSN_D(*pc));
+        IrOp loopExit = blockAtInst(i + getOpLength(LOP_FORNLOOP));
+
+        inst(IrCmd::LOP_FORNLOOP, constUint(i), loopRepeat, loopExit);
+
+        beginBlock(loopExit);
+        break;
+    }
+    case LOP_FORGLOOP:
+    {
+        IrOp loopRepeat = blockAtInst(i + 1 + LUAU_INSN_D(*pc));
+        IrOp loopExit = blockAtInst(i + getOpLength(LOP_FORGLOOP));
+        IrOp fallback = block(IrBlockKind::Fallback);
+
+        inst(IrCmd::LOP_FORGLOOP, constUint(i), loopRepeat, loopExit, fallback);
+
+        beginBlock(fallback);
+        inst(IrCmd::LOP_FORGLOOP_FALLBACK, constUint(i), loopRepeat, loopExit);
+
+        beginBlock(loopExit);
+        break;
+    }
+    case LOP_FORGPREP_NEXT:
+    {
+        IrOp target = blockAtInst(i + 1 + LUAU_INSN_D(*pc));
+        IrOp fallback = block(IrBlockKind::Fallback);
+
+        inst(IrCmd::LOP_FORGPREP_NEXT, constUint(i), target, fallback);
+
+        beginBlock(fallback);
+        inst(IrCmd::LOP_FORGPREP_XNEXT_FALLBACK, constUint(i), target);
+        break;
+    }
+    case LOP_FORGPREP_INEXT:
+    {
+        IrOp target = blockAtInst(i + 1 + LUAU_INSN_D(*pc));
+        IrOp fallback = block(IrBlockKind::Fallback);
+
+        inst(IrCmd::LOP_FORGPREP_INEXT, constUint(i), target, fallback);
+
+        beginBlock(fallback);
+        inst(IrCmd::LOP_FORGPREP_XNEXT_FALLBACK, constUint(i), target);
+        break;
+    }
+    case LOP_AND:
+        inst(IrCmd::LOP_AND, constUint(i));
+        break;
+    case LOP_ANDK:
+        inst(IrCmd::LOP_ANDK, constUint(i));
+        break;
+    case LOP_OR:
+        inst(IrCmd::LOP_OR, constUint(i));
+        break;
+    case LOP_ORK:
+        inst(IrCmd::LOP_ORK, constUint(i));
+        break;
+    case LOP_COVERAGE:
+        inst(IrCmd::LOP_COVERAGE, constUint(i));
+        break;
+    case LOP_GETIMPORT:
+        translateInstGetImport(*this, pc, i);
+        break;
+    case LOP_CONCAT:
+        translateInstConcat(*this, pc, i);
+        break;
+    case LOP_CAPTURE:
+        translateInstCapture(*this, pc, i);
+        break;
+    case LOP_NAMECALL:
+    {
+        IrOp next = blockAtInst(i + getOpLength(LOP_NAMECALL));
+        IrOp fallback = block(IrBlockKind::Fallback);
+
+        inst(IrCmd::LOP_NAMECALL, constUint(i), next, fallback);
+
+        beginBlock(fallback);
+        inst(IrCmd::FALLBACK_NAMECALL, constUint(i));
+        inst(IrCmd::JUMP, next);
+
+        beginBlock(next);
+        break;
+    }
+    case LOP_PREPVARARGS:
+        inst(IrCmd::FALLBACK_PREPVARARGS, constUint(i));
+        break;
+    case LOP_GETVARARGS:
+        inst(IrCmd::FALLBACK_GETVARARGS, constUint(i));
+        break;
+    case LOP_NEWCLOSURE:
+        inst(IrCmd::FALLBACK_NEWCLOSURE, constUint(i));
+        break;
+    case LOP_DUPCLOSURE:
+        inst(IrCmd::FALLBACK_DUPCLOSURE, constUint(i));
+        break;
+    case LOP_FORGPREP:
+        inst(IrCmd::FALLBACK_FORGPREP, constUint(i));
+        break;
+    default:
+        LUAU_ASSERT(!"unknown instruction");
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+bool IrBuilder::isInternalBlock(IrOp block)
+{
+    IrBlock& target = function.blocks[block.index];
+
+    return target.kind == IrBlockKind::Internal;
+}
+
+void IrBuilder::beginBlock(IrOp block)
+{
+    function.blocks[block.index].start = uint32_t(function.instructions.size());
+}
+
+IrOp IrBuilder::constBool(bool value)
+{
+    IrConst constant;
+    constant.kind = IrConstKind::Bool;
+    constant.valueBool = value;
+    return constAny(constant);
+}
+
+IrOp IrBuilder::constInt(int value)
+{
+    IrConst constant;
+    constant.kind = IrConstKind::Int;
+    constant.valueInt = value;
+    return constAny(constant);
+}
+
+IrOp IrBuilder::constUint(unsigned value)
+{
+    IrConst constant;
+    constant.kind = IrConstKind::Uint;
+    constant.valueUint = value;
+    return constAny(constant);
+}
+
+IrOp IrBuilder::constDouble(double value)
+{
+    IrConst constant;
+    constant.kind = IrConstKind::Double;
+    constant.valueDouble = value;
+    return constAny(constant);
+}
+
+IrOp IrBuilder::constTag(uint8_t value)
+{
+    IrConst constant;
+    constant.kind = IrConstKind::Tag;
+    constant.valueTag = value;
+    return constAny(constant);
+}
+
+IrOp IrBuilder::constAny(IrConst constant)
+{
+    uint32_t index = uint32_t(function.constants.size());
+    function.constants.push_back(constant);
+    return {IrOpKind::Constant, index};
+}
+
+IrOp IrBuilder::cond(IrCondition cond)
+{
+    return {IrOpKind::Condition, uint32_t(cond)};
+}
+
+IrOp IrBuilder::inst(IrCmd cmd)
+{
+    return inst(cmd, {}, {}, {}, {}, {});
+}
+
+IrOp IrBuilder::inst(IrCmd cmd, IrOp a)
+{
+    return inst(cmd, a, {}, {}, {}, {});
+}
+
+IrOp IrBuilder::inst(IrCmd cmd, IrOp a, IrOp b)
+{
+    return inst(cmd, a, b, {}, {}, {});
+}
+
+IrOp IrBuilder::inst(IrCmd cmd, IrOp a, IrOp b, IrOp c)
+{
+    return inst(cmd, a, b, c, {}, {});
+}
+
+IrOp IrBuilder::inst(IrCmd cmd, IrOp a, IrOp b, IrOp c, IrOp d)
+{
+    return inst(cmd, a, b, c, d, {});
+}
+
+IrOp IrBuilder::inst(IrCmd cmd, IrOp a, IrOp b, IrOp c, IrOp d, IrOp e)
+{
+    uint32_t index = uint32_t(function.instructions.size());
+    function.instructions.push_back({cmd, a, b, c, d, e});
+    return {IrOpKind::Inst, index};
+}
+
+IrOp IrBuilder::block(IrBlockKind kind)
+{
+    if (kind == IrBlockKind::Internal && activeFastcallFallback)
+        kind = IrBlockKind::Fallback;
+
+    uint32_t index = uint32_t(function.blocks.size());
+    function.blocks.push_back(IrBlock{kind, ~0u});
+    return IrOp{IrOpKind::Block, index};
+}
+
+IrOp IrBuilder::blockAtInst(uint32_t index)
+{
+    uint32_t blockIndex = instIndexToBlock[index];
+
+    if (blockIndex != kNoAssociatedBlockIndex)
+        return IrOp{IrOpKind::Block, blockIndex};
+
+    return block(IrBlockKind::Internal);
+}
+
+IrOp IrBuilder::vmReg(uint8_t index)
+{
+    return {IrOpKind::VmReg, index};
+}
+
+IrOp IrBuilder::vmConst(uint32_t index)
+{
+    return {IrOpKind::VmConst, index};
+}
+
+IrOp IrBuilder::vmUpvalue(uint8_t index)
+{
+    return {IrOpKind::VmUpvalue, index};
+}
+
+} // namespace CodeGen
+} // namespace Luau
diff --git a/CodeGen/src/IrBuilder.h b/CodeGen/src/IrBuilder.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c8f9b4ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CodeGen/src/IrBuilder.h
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// This file is part of the Luau programming language and is licensed under MIT License; see LICENSE.txt for details
+#pragma once
+
+#include "Luau/Common.h"
+#include "Luau/Bytecode.h"
+
+#include "IrData.h"
+
+#include <vector>
+
+struct Proto;
+typedef uint32_t Instruction;
+
+namespace Luau
+{
+namespace CodeGen
+{
+
+struct AssemblyOptions;
+
+struct IrBuilder
+{
+    void buildFunctionIr(Proto* proto);
+
+    void rebuildBytecodeBasicBlocks(Proto* proto);
+    void translateInst(LuauOpcode op, const Instruction* pc, int i);
+
+    bool isInternalBlock(IrOp block);
+    void beginBlock(IrOp block);
+
+    IrOp constBool(bool value);
+    IrOp constInt(int value);
+    IrOp constUint(unsigned value);
+    IrOp constDouble(double value);
+    IrOp constTag(uint8_t value);
+    IrOp constAny(IrConst constant);
+
+    IrOp cond(IrCondition cond);
+
+    IrOp inst(IrCmd cmd);
+    IrOp inst(IrCmd cmd, IrOp a);
+    IrOp inst(IrCmd cmd, IrOp a, IrOp b);
+    IrOp inst(IrCmd cmd, IrOp a, IrOp b, IrOp c);
+    IrOp inst(IrCmd cmd, IrOp a, IrOp b, IrOp c, IrOp d);
+    IrOp inst(IrCmd cmd, IrOp a, IrOp b, IrOp c, IrOp d, IrOp e);
+
+    IrOp block(IrBlockKind kind); // Requested kind can be ignored if we are in an outlined sequence
+    IrOp blockAtInst(uint32_t index);
+
+    IrOp vmReg(uint8_t index);
+    IrOp vmConst(uint32_t index);
+    IrOp vmUpvalue(uint8_t index);
+
+    bool activeFastcallFallback = false;
+    IrOp fastcallFallbackReturn;
+
+    IrFunction function;
+
+    std::vector<uint32_t> instIndexToBlock; // Block index at the bytecode instruction
+};
+
+} // namespace CodeGen
+} // namespace Luau
diff --git a/CodeGen/src/IrData.h b/CodeGen/src/IrData.h
index c4ed47cc..1c70c801 100644
--- a/CodeGen/src/IrData.h
+++ b/CodeGen/src/IrData.h
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
 
 #include <stdint.h>
 
+struct Proto;
+
 namespace Luau
 {
 namespace CodeGen
@@ -99,6 +101,7 @@ enum class IrCmd : uint8_t
 
     // Operations that don't have an IR representation yet
     LOP_SETLIST,
+    LOP_NAMECALL,
     LOP_CALL,
     LOP_RETURN,
     LOP_FASTCALL,
@@ -116,21 +119,21 @@ enum class IrCmd : uint8_t
     LOP_ANDK,
     LOP_OR,
     LOP_ORK,
+    LOP_COVERAGE,
 
     // Operations that have a translation, but use a full instruction fallback
     FALLBACK_GETGLOBAL,
     FALLBACK_SETGLOBAL,
     FALLBACK_GETTABLEKS,
     FALLBACK_SETTABLEKS,
+    FALLBACK_NAMECALL,
 
     // Operations that don't have assembly lowering at all
-    FALLBACK_NAMECALL,
     FALLBACK_PREPVARARGS,
     FALLBACK_GETVARARGS,
     FALLBACK_NEWCLOSURE,
     FALLBACK_DUPCLOSURE,
     FALLBACK_FORGPREP,
-    FALLBACK_COVERAGE,
 };
 
 enum class IrConstKind : uint8_t
@@ -274,6 +277,8 @@ struct IrFunction
     std::vector<IrConst> constants;
 
     std::vector<BytecodeMapping> bcMapping;
+
+    Proto* proto = nullptr;
 };
 
 } // namespace CodeGen
diff --git a/CodeGen/src/IrDump.cpp b/CodeGen/src/IrDump.cpp
index 5d54026a..4dc5c6c5 100644
--- a/CodeGen/src/IrDump.cpp
+++ b/CodeGen/src/IrDump.cpp
@@ -186,6 +186,8 @@ const char* getCmdName(IrCmd cmd)
         return "CAPTURE";
     case IrCmd::LOP_SETLIST:
         return "LOP_SETLIST";
+    case IrCmd::LOP_NAMECALL:
+        return "LOP_NAMECALL";
     case IrCmd::LOP_CALL:
         return "LOP_CALL";
     case IrCmd::LOP_RETURN:
@@ -220,6 +222,8 @@ const char* getCmdName(IrCmd cmd)
         return "LOP_OR";
     case IrCmd::LOP_ORK:
         return "LOP_ORK";
+    case IrCmd::LOP_COVERAGE:
+        return "LOP_COVERAGE";
     case IrCmd::FALLBACK_GETGLOBAL:
         return "FALLBACK_GETGLOBAL";
     case IrCmd::FALLBACK_SETGLOBAL:
@@ -240,8 +244,6 @@ const char* getCmdName(IrCmd cmd)
         return "FALLBACK_DUPCLOSURE";
     case IrCmd::FALLBACK_FORGPREP:
         return "FALLBACK_FORGPREP";
-    case IrCmd::FALLBACK_COVERAGE:
-        return "FALLBACK_COVERAGE";
     }
 
     LUAU_UNREACHABLE();
@@ -375,5 +377,48 @@ void toStringDetailed(IrToStringContext& ctx, IrInst inst, uint32_t index)
         append(ctx.result, "; useCount: %d, lastUse: %%%u\n", inst.useCount, inst.lastUse);
 }
 
+std::string dump(IrFunction& function)
+{
+    std::string result;
+    IrToStringContext ctx{result, function.blocks, function.constants};
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < function.blocks.size(); i++)
+    {
+        IrBlock& block = function.blocks[i];
+
+        append(ctx.result, "%s_%u:\n", getBlockKindName(block.kind), unsigned(i));
+
+        if (block.start == ~0u)
+        {
+            append(ctx.result, " *empty*\n\n");
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        for (uint32_t index = block.start; true; index++)
+        {
+            LUAU_ASSERT(index < function.instructions.size());
+
+            IrInst& inst = function.instructions[index];
+
+            // Nop is used to replace dead instructions in-place, so it's not that useful to see them
+            if (inst.cmd == IrCmd::NOP)
+                continue;
+
+            append(ctx.result, " ");
+            toStringDetailed(ctx, inst, index);
+
+            if (isBlockTerminator(inst.cmd))
+            {
+                append(ctx.result, "\n");
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    printf("%s\n", result.c_str());
+
+    return result;
+}
+
 } // namespace CodeGen
 } // namespace Luau
diff --git a/CodeGen/src/IrDump.h b/CodeGen/src/IrDump.h
index 8fb4d6e5..c803e8db 100644
--- a/CodeGen/src/IrDump.h
+++ b/CodeGen/src/IrDump.h
@@ -28,5 +28,7 @@ void toString(std::string& result, IrConst constant);
 
 void toStringDetailed(IrToStringContext& ctx, IrInst inst, uint32_t index);
 
+std::string dump(IrFunction& function);
+
 } // namespace CodeGen
 } // namespace Luau
diff --git a/CodeGen/src/IrTranslation.cpp b/CodeGen/src/IrTranslation.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..82257815
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CodeGen/src/IrTranslation.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,780 @@
+// This file is part of the Luau programming language and is licensed under MIT License; see LICENSE.txt for details
+#include "IrTranslation.h"
+
+#include "Luau/Bytecode.h"
+
+#include "IrBuilder.h"
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+
+namespace Luau
+{
+namespace CodeGen
+{
+
+// Helper to consistently define a switch to instruction fallback code
+struct FallbackStreamScope
+{
+    FallbackStreamScope(IrBuilder& build, IrOp fallback, IrOp next)
+        : build(build)
+        , next(next)
+    {
+        LUAU_ASSERT(fallback.kind == IrOpKind::Block);
+        LUAU_ASSERT(next.kind == IrOpKind::Block);
+
+        build.inst(IrCmd::JUMP, next);
+        build.beginBlock(fallback);
+    }
+
+    ~FallbackStreamScope()
+    {
+        build.beginBlock(next);
+    }
+
+    IrBuilder& build;
+    IrOp next;
+};
+
+void translateInstLoadNil(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc)
+{
+    int ra = LUAU_INSN_A(*pc);
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::STORE_TAG, build.vmReg(ra), build.constTag(LUA_TNIL));
+}
+
+void translateInstLoadB(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos)
+{
+    int ra = LUAU_INSN_A(*pc);
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::STORE_INT, build.vmReg(ra), build.constInt(LUAU_INSN_B(*pc)));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::STORE_TAG, build.vmReg(ra), build.constTag(LUA_TBOOLEAN));
+
+    if (int target = LUAU_INSN_C(*pc))
+        build.inst(IrCmd::JUMP, build.blockAtInst(pcpos + 1 + target));
+}
+
+void translateInstLoadN(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc)
+{
+    int ra = LUAU_INSN_A(*pc);
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::STORE_DOUBLE, build.vmReg(ra), build.constDouble(double(LUAU_INSN_D(*pc))));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::STORE_TAG, build.vmReg(ra), build.constTag(LUA_TNUMBER));
+}
+
+void translateInstLoadK(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc)
+{
+    int ra = LUAU_INSN_A(*pc);
+
+    // TODO: per-component loads and stores might be preferable
+    IrOp load = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_TVALUE, build.vmConst(LUAU_INSN_D(*pc)));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::STORE_TVALUE, build.vmReg(ra), load);
+}
+
+void translateInstLoadKX(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc)
+{
+    int ra = LUAU_INSN_A(*pc);
+    uint32_t aux = pc[1];
+
+    // TODO: per-component loads and stores might be preferable
+    IrOp load = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_TVALUE, build.vmConst(aux));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::STORE_TVALUE, build.vmReg(ra), load);
+}
+
+void translateInstMove(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc)
+{
+    int ra = LUAU_INSN_A(*pc);
+    int rb = LUAU_INSN_B(*pc);
+
+    // TODO: per-component loads and stores might be preferable
+    IrOp load = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_TVALUE, build.vmReg(rb));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::STORE_TVALUE, build.vmReg(ra), load);
+}
+
+void translateInstJump(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos)
+{
+    build.inst(IrCmd::JUMP, build.blockAtInst(pcpos + 1 + LUAU_INSN_D(*pc)));
+}
+
+void translateInstJumpBack(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos)
+{
+    build.inst(IrCmd::INTERRUPT, build.constUint(pcpos));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::JUMP, build.blockAtInst(pcpos + 1 + LUAU_INSN_D(*pc)));
+}
+
+void translateInstJumpIf(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos, bool not_)
+{
+    int ra = LUAU_INSN_A(*pc);
+
+    IrOp target = build.blockAtInst(pcpos + 1 + LUAU_INSN_D(*pc));
+    IrOp next = build.blockAtInst(pcpos + 1);
+
+    // TODO: falsy/truthy conditions should be deconstructed into more primitive operations
+    if (not_)
+        build.inst(IrCmd::JUMP_IF_FALSY, build.vmReg(ra), target, next);
+    else
+        build.inst(IrCmd::JUMP_IF_TRUTHY, build.vmReg(ra), target, next);
+
+    // Fallthrough in original bytecode is implicit, so we start next internal block here
+    if (build.isInternalBlock(next))
+        build.beginBlock(next);
+}
+
+void translateInstJumpIfEq(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos, bool not_)
+{
+    int ra = LUAU_INSN_A(*pc);
+    int rb = pc[1];
+
+    IrOp target = build.blockAtInst(pcpos + 1 + LUAU_INSN_D(*pc));
+    IrOp next = build.blockAtInst(pcpos + 2);
+    IrOp numberCheck = build.block(IrBlockKind::Internal);
+    IrOp fallback = build.block(IrBlockKind::Fallback);
+
+    IrOp ta = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_TAG, build.vmReg(ra));
+    IrOp tb = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_TAG, build.vmReg(rb));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::JUMP_EQ_TAG, ta, tb, numberCheck, not_ ? target : next);
+
+    build.beginBlock(numberCheck);
+
+    // fast-path: number
+    build.inst(IrCmd::CHECK_TAG, ta, build.constTag(LUA_TNUMBER), fallback);
+
+    IrOp va = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_DOUBLE, build.vmReg(ra));
+    IrOp vb = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_DOUBLE, build.vmReg(rb));
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::JUMP_CMP_NUM, va, vb, build.cond(IrCondition::NotEqual), not_ ? target : next, not_ ? next : target);
+
+    FallbackStreamScope scope(build, fallback, next);
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::SET_SAVEDPC, build.constUint(pcpos + 1));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::JUMP_CMP_ANY, build.vmReg(ra), build.vmReg(rb), build.cond(not_ ? IrCondition::NotEqual : IrCondition::Equal), target, next);
+}
+
+void translateInstJumpIfCond(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos, IrCondition cond)
+{
+    int ra = LUAU_INSN_A(*pc);
+    int rb = pc[1];
+
+    IrOp target = build.blockAtInst(pcpos + 1 + LUAU_INSN_D(*pc));
+    IrOp next = build.blockAtInst(pcpos + 2);
+    IrOp fallback = build.block(IrBlockKind::Fallback);
+
+    // fast-path: number
+    IrOp ta = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_TAG, build.vmReg(ra));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::CHECK_TAG, ta, build.constTag(LUA_TNUMBER), fallback);
+
+    IrOp tb = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_TAG, build.vmReg(rb));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::CHECK_TAG, tb, build.constTag(LUA_TNUMBER), fallback);
+
+    IrOp va = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_DOUBLE, build.vmReg(ra));
+    IrOp vb = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_DOUBLE, build.vmReg(rb));
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::JUMP_CMP_NUM, va, vb, build.cond(cond), target, next);
+
+    FallbackStreamScope scope(build, fallback, next);
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::SET_SAVEDPC, build.constUint(pcpos + 1));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::JUMP_CMP_ANY, build.vmReg(ra), build.vmReg(rb), build.cond(cond), target, next);
+}
+
+void translateInstJumpX(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos)
+{
+    build.inst(IrCmd::INTERRUPT, build.constUint(pcpos));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::JUMP, build.blockAtInst(pcpos + 1 + LUAU_INSN_E(*pc)));
+}
+
+void translateInstJumpxEqNil(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos)
+{
+    int ra = LUAU_INSN_A(*pc);
+    bool not_ = (pc[1] & 0x80000000) != 0;
+
+    IrOp target = build.blockAtInst(pcpos + 1 + LUAU_INSN_D(*pc));
+    IrOp next = build.blockAtInst(pcpos + 2);
+
+    IrOp ta = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_TAG, build.vmReg(ra));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::JUMP_EQ_TAG, ta, build.constTag(LUA_TNIL), not_ ? next : target, not_ ? target : next);
+
+    // Fallthrough in original bytecode is implicit, so we start next internal block here
+    if (build.isInternalBlock(next))
+        build.beginBlock(next);
+}
+
+void translateInstJumpxEqB(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos)
+{
+    int ra = LUAU_INSN_A(*pc);
+    uint32_t aux = pc[1];
+    bool not_ = (aux & 0x80000000) != 0;
+
+    IrOp target = build.blockAtInst(pcpos + 1 + LUAU_INSN_D(*pc));
+    IrOp next = build.blockAtInst(pcpos + 2);
+    IrOp checkValue = build.block(IrBlockKind::Internal);
+
+    IrOp ta = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_TAG, build.vmReg(ra));
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::JUMP_EQ_TAG, ta, build.constTag(LUA_TBOOLEAN), checkValue, not_ ? target : next);
+
+    build.beginBlock(checkValue);
+    IrOp va = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_INT, build.vmReg(ra));
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::JUMP_EQ_BOOLEAN, va, build.constBool(aux & 0x1), not_ ? next : target, not_ ? target : next);
+
+    // Fallthrough in original bytecode is implicit, so we start next internal block here
+    if (build.isInternalBlock(next))
+        build.beginBlock(next);
+}
+
+void translateInstJumpxEqN(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos)
+{
+    int ra = LUAU_INSN_A(*pc);
+    uint32_t aux = pc[1];
+    bool not_ = (aux & 0x80000000) != 0;
+
+    IrOp target = build.blockAtInst(pcpos + 1 + LUAU_INSN_D(*pc));
+    IrOp next = build.blockAtInst(pcpos + 2);
+    IrOp checkValue = build.block(IrBlockKind::Internal);
+
+    IrOp ta = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_TAG, build.vmReg(ra));
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::JUMP_EQ_TAG, ta, build.constTag(LUA_TNUMBER), checkValue, not_ ? target : next);
+
+    build.beginBlock(checkValue);
+    IrOp va = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_DOUBLE, build.vmReg(ra));
+    IrOp vb = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_DOUBLE, build.vmConst(aux & 0xffffff));
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::JUMP_CMP_NUM, va, vb, build.cond(IrCondition::NotEqual), not_ ? target : next, not_ ? next : target);
+
+    // Fallthrough in original bytecode is implicit, so we start next internal block here
+    if (build.isInternalBlock(next))
+        build.beginBlock(next);
+}
+
+void translateInstJumpxEqS(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos)
+{
+    int ra = LUAU_INSN_A(*pc);
+    uint32_t aux = pc[1];
+    bool not_ = (aux & 0x80000000) != 0;
+
+    IrOp target = build.blockAtInst(pcpos + 1 + LUAU_INSN_D(*pc));
+    IrOp next = build.blockAtInst(pcpos + 2);
+    IrOp checkValue = build.block(IrBlockKind::Internal);
+
+    IrOp ta = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_TAG, build.vmReg(ra));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::JUMP_EQ_TAG, ta, build.constTag(LUA_TSTRING), checkValue, not_ ? target : next);
+
+    build.beginBlock(checkValue);
+    IrOp va = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_POINTER, build.vmReg(ra));
+    IrOp vb = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_POINTER, build.vmConst(aux & 0xffffff));
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::JUMP_EQ_POINTER, va, vb, not_ ? next : target, not_ ? target : next);
+
+    // Fallthrough in original bytecode is implicit, so we start next internal block here
+    if (build.isInternalBlock(next))
+        build.beginBlock(next);
+}
+
+static void translateInstBinaryNumeric(IrBuilder& build, int ra, int rb, int rc, IrOp opc, int pcpos, TMS tm)
+{
+    IrOp fallback = build.block(IrBlockKind::Fallback);
+
+    // fast-path: number
+    IrOp tb = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_TAG, build.vmReg(rb));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::CHECK_TAG, tb, build.constTag(LUA_TNUMBER), fallback);
+
+    if (rc != -1 && rc != rb) // TODO: optimization should handle second check, but we'll test it later
+    {
+        IrOp tc = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_TAG, build.vmReg(rc));
+        build.inst(IrCmd::CHECK_TAG, tc, build.constTag(LUA_TNUMBER), fallback);
+    }
+
+    IrOp vb = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_DOUBLE, build.vmReg(rb));
+    IrOp vc = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_DOUBLE, opc);
+
+    IrOp va;
+
+    switch (tm)
+    {
+    case TM_ADD:
+        va = build.inst(IrCmd::ADD_NUM, vb, vc);
+        break;
+    case TM_SUB:
+        va = build.inst(IrCmd::SUB_NUM, vb, vc);
+        break;
+    case TM_MUL:
+        va = build.inst(IrCmd::MUL_NUM, vb, vc);
+        break;
+    case TM_DIV:
+        va = build.inst(IrCmd::DIV_NUM, vb, vc);
+        break;
+    case TM_MOD:
+        va = build.inst(IrCmd::MOD_NUM, vb, vc);
+        break;
+    case TM_POW:
+        va = build.inst(IrCmd::POW_NUM, vb, vc);
+        break;
+    default:
+        LUAU_ASSERT(!"unsupported binary op");
+    }
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::STORE_DOUBLE, build.vmReg(ra), va);
+
+    if (ra != rb && ra != rc) // TODO: optimization should handle second check, but we'll test this later
+        build.inst(IrCmd::STORE_TAG, build.vmReg(ra), build.constTag(LUA_TNUMBER));
+
+    IrOp next = build.blockAtInst(pcpos + 1);
+    FallbackStreamScope scope(build, fallback, next);
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::SET_SAVEDPC, build.constUint(pcpos + 1));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::DO_ARITH, build.vmReg(ra), build.vmReg(rb), opc, build.constInt(tm));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::JUMP, next);
+}
+
+void translateInstBinary(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos, TMS tm)
+{
+    translateInstBinaryNumeric(build, LUAU_INSN_A(*pc), LUAU_INSN_B(*pc), LUAU_INSN_C(*pc), build.vmReg(LUAU_INSN_C(*pc)), pcpos, tm);
+}
+
+void translateInstBinaryK(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos, TMS tm)
+{
+    translateInstBinaryNumeric(build, LUAU_INSN_A(*pc), LUAU_INSN_B(*pc), -1, build.vmConst(LUAU_INSN_C(*pc)), pcpos, tm);
+}
+
+void translateInstNot(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc)
+{
+    int ra = LUAU_INSN_A(*pc);
+    int rb = LUAU_INSN_B(*pc);
+
+    IrOp tb = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_TAG, build.vmReg(rb));
+    IrOp vb = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_INT, build.vmReg(rb));
+
+    IrOp va = build.inst(IrCmd::NOT_ANY, tb, vb);
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::STORE_INT, build.vmReg(ra), va);
+    build.inst(IrCmd::STORE_TAG, build.vmReg(ra), build.constTag(LUA_TBOOLEAN));
+}
+
+void translateInstMinus(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos)
+{
+    int ra = LUAU_INSN_A(*pc);
+    int rb = LUAU_INSN_B(*pc);
+
+    IrOp fallback = build.block(IrBlockKind::Fallback);
+
+    IrOp tb = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_TAG, build.vmReg(rb));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::CHECK_TAG, tb, build.constTag(LUA_TNUMBER), fallback);
+
+    // fast-path: number
+    IrOp vb = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_DOUBLE, build.vmReg(rb));
+    IrOp va = build.inst(IrCmd::UNM_NUM, vb);
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::STORE_DOUBLE, build.vmReg(ra), va);
+
+    if (ra != rb)
+        build.inst(IrCmd::STORE_TAG, build.vmReg(ra), build.constTag(LUA_TNUMBER));
+
+    IrOp next = build.blockAtInst(pcpos + 1);
+    FallbackStreamScope scope(build, fallback, next);
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::SET_SAVEDPC, build.constUint(pcpos + 1));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::DO_ARITH, build.vmReg(LUAU_INSN_A(*pc)), build.vmReg(LUAU_INSN_B(*pc)), build.vmReg(LUAU_INSN_B(*pc)), build.constInt(TM_UNM));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::JUMP, next);
+}
+
+void translateInstLength(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos)
+{
+    int ra = LUAU_INSN_A(*pc);
+    int rb = LUAU_INSN_B(*pc);
+
+    IrOp fallback = build.block(IrBlockKind::Fallback);
+
+    IrOp tb = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_TAG, build.vmReg(rb));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::CHECK_TAG, tb, build.constTag(LUA_TTABLE), fallback);
+
+    // fast-path: table without __len
+    IrOp vb = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_POINTER, build.vmReg(rb));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::CHECK_NO_METATABLE, vb, fallback);
+
+    IrOp va = build.inst(IrCmd::TABLE_LEN, vb);
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::STORE_DOUBLE, build.vmReg(ra), va);
+    build.inst(IrCmd::STORE_TAG, build.vmReg(ra), build.constTag(LUA_TNUMBER));
+
+    IrOp next = build.blockAtInst(pcpos + 1);
+    FallbackStreamScope scope(build, fallback, next);
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::SET_SAVEDPC, build.constUint(pcpos + 1));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::DO_LEN, build.vmReg(LUAU_INSN_A(*pc)), build.vmReg(LUAU_INSN_B(*pc)));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::JUMP, next);
+}
+
+void translateInstNewTable(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos)
+{
+    int ra = LUAU_INSN_A(*pc);
+    int b = LUAU_INSN_B(*pc);
+    uint32_t aux = pc[1];
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::SET_SAVEDPC, build.constUint(pcpos + 1));
+
+    IrOp va = build.inst(IrCmd::NEW_TABLE, build.constUint(aux), build.constUint(b == 0 ? 0 : 1 << (b - 1)));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::STORE_POINTER, build.vmReg(ra), va);
+    build.inst(IrCmd::STORE_TAG, build.vmReg(ra), build.constTag(LUA_TTABLE));
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::CHECK_GC);
+}
+
+void translateInstDupTable(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos)
+{
+    int ra = LUAU_INSN_A(*pc);
+    int k = LUAU_INSN_D(*pc);
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::SET_SAVEDPC, build.constUint(pcpos + 1));
+
+    IrOp table = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_POINTER, build.vmConst(k));
+    IrOp va = build.inst(IrCmd::DUP_TABLE, table);
+    build.inst(IrCmd::STORE_POINTER, build.vmReg(ra), va);
+    build.inst(IrCmd::STORE_TAG, build.vmReg(ra), build.constTag(LUA_TTABLE));
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::CHECK_GC);
+}
+
+void translateInstGetUpval(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos)
+{
+    int ra = LUAU_INSN_A(*pc);
+    int up = LUAU_INSN_B(*pc);
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::GET_UPVALUE, build.vmReg(ra), build.vmUpvalue(up));
+}
+
+void translateInstSetUpval(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos)
+{
+    int ra = LUAU_INSN_A(*pc);
+    int up = LUAU_INSN_B(*pc);
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::SET_UPVALUE, build.vmUpvalue(up), build.vmReg(ra));
+}
+
+void translateInstCloseUpvals(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc)
+{
+    int ra = LUAU_INSN_A(*pc);
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::CLOSE_UPVALS, build.vmReg(ra));
+}
+
+void translateInstGetTableN(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos)
+{
+    int ra = LUAU_INSN_A(*pc);
+    int rb = LUAU_INSN_B(*pc);
+    int c = LUAU_INSN_C(*pc);
+
+    IrOp fallback = build.block(IrBlockKind::Fallback);
+
+    IrOp tb = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_TAG, build.vmReg(rb));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::CHECK_TAG, tb, build.constTag(LUA_TTABLE), fallback);
+
+    IrOp vb = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_POINTER, build.vmReg(rb));
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::CHECK_ARRAY_SIZE, vb, build.constUint(c), fallback);
+    build.inst(IrCmd::CHECK_NO_METATABLE, vb, fallback);
+
+    IrOp arrEl = build.inst(IrCmd::GET_ARR_ADDR, vb, build.constUint(c));
+
+    // TODO: per-component loads and stores might be preferable
+    IrOp arrElTval = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_TVALUE, arrEl);
+    build.inst(IrCmd::STORE_TVALUE, build.vmReg(ra), arrElTval);
+
+    IrOp next = build.blockAtInst(pcpos + 1);
+    FallbackStreamScope scope(build, fallback, next);
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::SET_SAVEDPC, build.constUint(pcpos + 1));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::GET_TABLE, build.vmReg(ra), build.vmReg(rb), build.constUint(c + 1));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::JUMP, next);
+}
+
+void translateInstSetTableN(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos)
+{
+    int ra = LUAU_INSN_A(*pc);
+    int rb = LUAU_INSN_B(*pc);
+    int c = LUAU_INSN_C(*pc);
+
+    IrOp fallback = build.block(IrBlockKind::Fallback);
+
+    IrOp tb = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_TAG, build.vmReg(rb));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::CHECK_TAG, tb, build.constTag(LUA_TTABLE), fallback);
+
+    IrOp vb = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_POINTER, build.vmReg(rb));
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::CHECK_ARRAY_SIZE, vb, build.constUint(c), fallback);
+    build.inst(IrCmd::CHECK_NO_METATABLE, vb, fallback);
+    build.inst(IrCmd::CHECK_READONLY, vb, fallback);
+
+    IrOp arrEl = build.inst(IrCmd::GET_ARR_ADDR, vb, build.constUint(c));
+
+    // TODO: per-component loads and stores might be preferable
+    IrOp tva = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_TVALUE, build.vmReg(ra));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::STORE_TVALUE, arrEl, tva);
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::BARRIER_TABLE_FORWARD, vb, build.vmReg(ra));
+
+    IrOp next = build.blockAtInst(pcpos + 1);
+    FallbackStreamScope scope(build, fallback, next);
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::SET_SAVEDPC, build.constUint(pcpos + 1));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::SET_TABLE, build.vmReg(ra), build.vmReg(rb), build.constUint(c + 1));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::JUMP, next);
+}
+
+void translateInstGetTable(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos)
+{
+    int ra = LUAU_INSN_A(*pc);
+    int rb = LUAU_INSN_B(*pc);
+    int rc = LUAU_INSN_C(*pc);
+
+    IrOp fallback = build.block(IrBlockKind::Fallback);
+
+    IrOp tb = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_TAG, build.vmReg(rb));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::CHECK_TAG, tb, build.constTag(LUA_TTABLE), fallback);
+    IrOp tc = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_TAG, build.vmReg(rc));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::CHECK_TAG, tc, build.constTag(LUA_TNUMBER), fallback);
+
+    // fast-path: table with a number index
+    IrOp vb = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_POINTER, build.vmReg(rb));
+    IrOp vc = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_DOUBLE, build.vmReg(rc));
+
+    IrOp index = build.inst(IrCmd::NUM_TO_INDEX, vc, fallback);
+
+    index = build.inst(IrCmd::SUB_INT, index, build.constInt(1));
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::CHECK_ARRAY_SIZE, vb, index, fallback);
+    build.inst(IrCmd::CHECK_NO_METATABLE, vb, fallback);
+
+    IrOp arrEl = build.inst(IrCmd::GET_ARR_ADDR, vb, index);
+
+    // TODO: per-component loads and stores might be preferable
+    IrOp arrElTval = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_TVALUE, arrEl);
+    build.inst(IrCmd::STORE_TVALUE, build.vmReg(ra), arrElTval);
+
+    IrOp next = build.blockAtInst(pcpos + 1);
+    FallbackStreamScope scope(build, fallback, next);
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::SET_SAVEDPC, build.constUint(pcpos + 1));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::GET_TABLE, build.vmReg(ra), build.vmReg(rb), build.vmReg(rc));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::JUMP, next);
+}
+
+void translateInstSetTable(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos)
+{
+    int ra = LUAU_INSN_A(*pc);
+    int rb = LUAU_INSN_B(*pc);
+    int rc = LUAU_INSN_C(*pc);
+
+    IrOp fallback = build.block(IrBlockKind::Fallback);
+
+    IrOp tb = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_TAG, build.vmReg(rb));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::CHECK_TAG, tb, build.constTag(LUA_TTABLE), fallback);
+    IrOp tc = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_TAG, build.vmReg(rc));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::CHECK_TAG, tc, build.constTag(LUA_TNUMBER), fallback);
+
+    // fast-path: table with a number index
+    IrOp vb = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_POINTER, build.vmReg(rb));
+    IrOp vc = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_DOUBLE, build.vmReg(rc));
+
+    IrOp index = build.inst(IrCmd::NUM_TO_INDEX, vc, fallback);
+
+    index = build.inst(IrCmd::SUB_INT, index, build.constInt(1));
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::CHECK_ARRAY_SIZE, vb, index, fallback);
+    build.inst(IrCmd::CHECK_NO_METATABLE, vb, fallback);
+    build.inst(IrCmd::CHECK_READONLY, vb, fallback);
+
+    IrOp arrEl = build.inst(IrCmd::GET_ARR_ADDR, vb, index);
+
+    // TODO: per-component loads and stores might be preferable
+    IrOp tva = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_TVALUE, build.vmReg(ra));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::STORE_TVALUE, arrEl, tva);
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::BARRIER_TABLE_FORWARD, vb, build.vmReg(ra));
+
+    IrOp next = build.blockAtInst(pcpos + 1);
+    FallbackStreamScope scope(build, fallback, next);
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::SET_SAVEDPC, build.constUint(pcpos + 1));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::SET_TABLE, build.vmReg(ra), build.vmReg(rb), build.vmReg(rc));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::JUMP, next);
+}
+
+void translateInstGetImport(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos)
+{
+    int ra = LUAU_INSN_A(*pc);
+    int k = LUAU_INSN_D(*pc);
+    uint32_t aux = pc[1];
+
+    IrOp fastPath = build.block(IrBlockKind::Internal);
+    IrOp fallback = build.block(IrBlockKind::Fallback);
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::CHECK_SAFE_ENV, fallback);
+
+    // note: if import failed, k[] is nil; we could check this during codegen, but we instead use runtime fallback
+    // this allows us to handle ahead-of-time codegen smoothly when an import fails to resolve at runtime
+    IrOp tk = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_TAG, build.vmConst(k));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::JUMP_EQ_TAG, tk, build.constTag(LUA_TNIL), fallback, fastPath);
+
+    build.beginBlock(fastPath);
+
+    // TODO: per-component loads and stores might be preferable
+    IrOp tvk = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_TVALUE, build.vmConst(k));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::STORE_TVALUE, build.vmReg(ra), tvk);
+
+    IrOp next = build.blockAtInst(pcpos + 2);
+    FallbackStreamScope scope(build, fallback, next);
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::SET_SAVEDPC, build.constUint(pcpos + 1));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::GET_IMPORT, build.vmReg(ra), build.constUint(aux));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::JUMP, next);
+}
+
+void translateInstGetTableKS(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos)
+{
+    int ra = LUAU_INSN_A(*pc);
+    int rb = LUAU_INSN_B(*pc);
+    uint32_t aux = pc[1];
+
+    IrOp fallback = build.block(IrBlockKind::Fallback);
+
+    IrOp tb = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_TAG, build.vmReg(rb));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::CHECK_TAG, tb, build.constTag(LUA_TTABLE), fallback);
+
+    IrOp vb = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_POINTER, build.vmReg(rb));
+
+    IrOp addrSlotEl = build.inst(IrCmd::GET_SLOT_NODE_ADDR, vb, build.constUint(pcpos));
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::CHECK_SLOT_MATCH, addrSlotEl, build.vmConst(aux), fallback);
+
+    // TODO: per-component loads and stores might be preferable
+    IrOp tvn = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_NODE_VALUE_TV, addrSlotEl);
+    build.inst(IrCmd::STORE_TVALUE, build.vmReg(ra), tvn);
+
+    IrOp next = build.blockAtInst(pcpos + 2);
+    FallbackStreamScope scope(build, fallback, next);
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::FALLBACK_GETTABLEKS, build.constUint(pcpos));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::JUMP, next);
+}
+
+void translateInstSetTableKS(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos)
+{
+    int ra = LUAU_INSN_A(*pc);
+    int rb = LUAU_INSN_B(*pc);
+    uint32_t aux = pc[1];
+
+    IrOp fallback = build.block(IrBlockKind::Fallback);
+
+    IrOp tb = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_TAG, build.vmReg(rb));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::CHECK_TAG, tb, build.constTag(LUA_TTABLE), fallback);
+
+    IrOp vb = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_POINTER, build.vmReg(rb));
+
+    IrOp addrSlotEl = build.inst(IrCmd::GET_SLOT_NODE_ADDR, vb, build.constUint(pcpos));
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::CHECK_SLOT_MATCH, addrSlotEl, build.vmConst(aux), fallback);
+    build.inst(IrCmd::CHECK_READONLY, vb, fallback);
+
+    // TODO: per-component loads and stores might be preferable
+    IrOp tva = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_TVALUE, build.vmReg(ra));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::STORE_NODE_VALUE_TV, addrSlotEl, tva);
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::BARRIER_TABLE_FORWARD, vb, build.vmReg(ra));
+
+    IrOp next = build.blockAtInst(pcpos + 2);
+    FallbackStreamScope scope(build, fallback, next);
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::FALLBACK_SETTABLEKS, build.constUint(pcpos));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::JUMP, next);
+}
+
+void translateInstGetGlobal(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos)
+{
+    int ra = LUAU_INSN_A(*pc);
+    uint32_t aux = pc[1];
+
+    IrOp fallback = build.block(IrBlockKind::Fallback);
+
+    IrOp env = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_ENV);
+    IrOp addrSlotEl = build.inst(IrCmd::GET_SLOT_NODE_ADDR, env, build.constUint(pcpos));
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::CHECK_SLOT_MATCH, addrSlotEl, build.vmConst(aux), fallback);
+
+    // TODO: per-component loads and stores might be preferable
+    IrOp tvn = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_NODE_VALUE_TV, addrSlotEl);
+    build.inst(IrCmd::STORE_TVALUE, build.vmReg(ra), tvn);
+
+    IrOp next = build.blockAtInst(pcpos + 2);
+    FallbackStreamScope scope(build, fallback, next);
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::FALLBACK_GETGLOBAL, build.constUint(pcpos));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::JUMP, next);
+}
+
+void translateInstSetGlobal(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos)
+{
+    int ra = LUAU_INSN_A(*pc);
+    uint32_t aux = pc[1];
+
+    IrOp fallback = build.block(IrBlockKind::Fallback);
+
+    IrOp env = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_ENV);
+    IrOp addrSlotEl = build.inst(IrCmd::GET_SLOT_NODE_ADDR, env, build.constUint(pcpos));
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::CHECK_SLOT_MATCH, addrSlotEl, build.vmConst(aux), fallback);
+    build.inst(IrCmd::CHECK_READONLY, env, fallback);
+
+    // TODO: per-component loads and stores might be preferable
+    IrOp tva = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_TVALUE, build.vmReg(ra));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::STORE_NODE_VALUE_TV, addrSlotEl, tva);
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::BARRIER_TABLE_FORWARD, env, build.vmReg(ra));
+
+    IrOp next = build.blockAtInst(pcpos + 2);
+    FallbackStreamScope scope(build, fallback, next);
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::FALLBACK_SETGLOBAL, build.constUint(pcpos));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::JUMP, next);
+}
+
+void translateInstConcat(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos)
+{
+    int ra = LUAU_INSN_A(*pc);
+    int rb = LUAU_INSN_B(*pc);
+    int rc = LUAU_INSN_C(*pc);
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::SET_SAVEDPC, build.constUint(pcpos + 1));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::CONCAT, build.constUint(rc - rb + 1), build.constUint(rc));
+
+    // TODO: per-component loads and stores might be preferable
+    IrOp tvb = build.inst(IrCmd::LOAD_TVALUE, build.vmReg(rb));
+    build.inst(IrCmd::STORE_TVALUE, build.vmReg(ra), tvb);
+
+    build.inst(IrCmd::CHECK_GC);
+}
+
+void translateInstCapture(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos)
+{
+    int type = LUAU_INSN_A(*pc);
+    int index = LUAU_INSN_B(*pc);
+
+    switch (type)
+    {
+    case LCT_VAL:
+        build.inst(IrCmd::CAPTURE, build.vmReg(index), build.constBool(false));
+        break;
+    case LCT_REF:
+        build.inst(IrCmd::CAPTURE, build.vmReg(index), build.constBool(true));
+        break;
+    case LCT_UPVAL:
+        build.inst(IrCmd::CAPTURE, build.vmUpvalue(index), build.constBool(false));
+        break;
+    default:
+        LUAU_ASSERT(!"Unknown upvalue capture type");
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace CodeGen
+} // namespace Luau
diff --git a/CodeGen/src/IrTranslation.h b/CodeGen/src/IrTranslation.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..53030a20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CodeGen/src/IrTranslation.h
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// This file is part of the Luau programming language and is licensed under MIT License; see LICENSE.txt for details
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "ltm.h"
+
+typedef uint32_t Instruction;
+
+namespace Luau
+{
+namespace CodeGen
+{
+
+enum class IrCondition : uint8_t;
+struct IrOp;
+struct IrBuilder;
+
+void translateInstLoadNil(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc);
+void translateInstLoadB(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos);
+void translateInstLoadN(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc);
+void translateInstLoadK(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc);
+void translateInstLoadKX(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc);
+void translateInstMove(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc);
+void translateInstJump(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos);
+void translateInstJumpBack(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos);
+void translateInstJumpIf(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos, bool not_);
+void translateInstJumpIfEq(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos, bool not_);
+void translateInstJumpIfCond(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos, IrCondition cond);
+void translateInstJumpX(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos);
+void translateInstJumpxEqNil(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos);
+void translateInstJumpxEqB(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos);
+void translateInstJumpxEqN(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos);
+void translateInstJumpxEqS(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos);
+void translateInstBinary(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos, TMS tm);
+void translateInstBinaryK(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos, TMS tm);
+void translateInstNot(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc);
+void translateInstMinus(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos);
+void translateInstLength(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos);
+void translateInstNewTable(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos);
+void translateInstDupTable(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos);
+void translateInstGetUpval(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos);
+void translateInstSetUpval(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos);
+void translateInstCloseUpvals(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc);
+void translateInstGetTableN(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos);
+void translateInstSetTableN(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos);
+void translateInstGetTable(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos);
+void translateInstSetTable(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos);
+void translateInstGetImport(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos);
+void translateInstGetTableKS(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos);
+void translateInstSetTableKS(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos);
+void translateInstGetGlobal(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos);
+void translateInstSetGlobal(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos);
+void translateInstConcat(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos);
+void translateInstCapture(IrBuilder& build, const Instruction* pc, int pcpos);
+
+} // namespace CodeGen
+} // namespace Luau
diff --git a/CodeGen/src/IrUtils.h b/CodeGen/src/IrUtils.h
index f0e4cee6..55881789 100644
--- a/CodeGen/src/IrUtils.h
+++ b/CodeGen/src/IrUtils.h
@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ inline bool isBlockTerminator(IrCmd cmd)
     case IrCmd::JUMP_CMP_NUM:
     case IrCmd::JUMP_CMP_STR:
     case IrCmd::JUMP_CMP_ANY:
+    case IrCmd::LOP_NAMECALL:
     case IrCmd::LOP_RETURN:
     case IrCmd::LOP_FORNPREP:
     case IrCmd::LOP_FORNLOOP:
diff --git a/Common/include/Luau/Common.h b/Common/include/Luau/Common.h
index e590987c..31b416fb 100644
--- a/Common/include/Luau/Common.h
+++ b/Common/include/Luau/Common.h
@@ -35,7 +35,10 @@ inline AssertHandler& assertHandler()
     return handler;
 }
 
-inline int assertCallHandler(const char* expression, const char* file, int line, const char* function)
+// We want 'inline' to correctly link this function declared in the header
+// But we also want to prevent compiler from inlining this function when optimization and assertions are enabled together
+// Reason for that is that compilation times can increase significantly in such a configuration
+LUAU_NOINLINE inline int assertCallHandler(const char* expression, const char* file, int line, const char* function)
 {
     if (AssertHandler handler = assertHandler())
         return handler(expression, file, line, function);
diff --git a/Ast/include/Luau/DenseHash.h b/Common/include/Luau/DenseHash.h
similarity index 100%
rename from Ast/include/Luau/DenseHash.h
rename to Common/include/Luau/DenseHash.h
diff --git a/Sources.cmake b/Sources.cmake
index 36e4f04d..636b42f7 100644
--- a/Sources.cmake
+++ b/Sources.cmake
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ if(NOT ${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_LESS "3.19")
     target_sources(Luau.Common PRIVATE
         Common/include/Luau/Common.h
         Common/include/Luau/Bytecode.h
+        Common/include/Luau/DenseHash.h
         Common/include/Luau/ExperimentalFlags.h
     )
 endif()
@@ -12,7 +13,6 @@ endif()
 target_sources(Luau.Ast PRIVATE
     Ast/include/Luau/Ast.h
     Ast/include/Luau/Confusables.h
-    Ast/include/Luau/DenseHash.h
     Ast/include/Luau/Lexer.h
     Ast/include/Luau/Location.h
     Ast/include/Luau/ParseOptions.h
@@ -82,7 +82,9 @@ target_sources(Luau.CodeGen PRIVATE
     CodeGen/src/EmitCommonX64.cpp
     CodeGen/src/EmitInstructionX64.cpp
     CodeGen/src/Fallbacks.cpp
+    CodeGen/src/IrBuilder.cpp
     CodeGen/src/IrDump.cpp
+    CodeGen/src/IrTranslation.cpp
     CodeGen/src/NativeState.cpp
     CodeGen/src/UnwindBuilderDwarf2.cpp
     CodeGen/src/UnwindBuilderWin.cpp
@@ -96,8 +98,10 @@ target_sources(Luau.CodeGen PRIVATE
     CodeGen/src/EmitInstructionX64.h
     CodeGen/src/Fallbacks.h
     CodeGen/src/FallbacksProlog.h
+    CodeGen/src/IrBuilder.h
     CodeGen/src/IrDump.h
     CodeGen/src/IrData.h
+    CodeGen/src/IrTranslation.h
     CodeGen/src/IrUtils.h
     CodeGen/src/NativeState.h
 )
diff --git a/fuzz/luau.proto b/fuzz/luau.proto
index 190b8c5b..e51d687b 100644
--- a/fuzz/luau.proto
+++ b/fuzz/luau.proto
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ message Expr {
 		ExprUnary unary = 14;
 		ExprBinary binary = 15;
 		ExprIfElse ifelse = 16;
+		ExprInterpString interpstring = 17;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -161,6 +162,10 @@ message ExprIfElse {
 	}
 }
 
+message ExprInterpString {
+	repeated Expr parts = 1;
+}
+
 message LValue {
 	oneof lvalue_oneof {
 		ExprLocal local = 1;
diff --git a/fuzz/protoprint.cpp b/fuzz/protoprint.cpp
index d4d52276..5c7c5bf6 100644
--- a/fuzz/protoprint.cpp
+++ b/fuzz/protoprint.cpp
@@ -282,6 +282,8 @@ struct ProtoToLuau
             print(expr.binary());
         else if (expr.has_ifelse())
             print(expr.ifelse());
+        else if (expr.has_interpstring())
+            print(expr.interpstring());
         else
             source += "_";
     }
@@ -538,6 +540,28 @@ struct ProtoToLuau
         }
     }
 
+    void print(const luau::ExprInterpString& expr)
+    {
+        source += "`";
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < expr.parts_size(); ++i)
+        {
+            if (expr.parts(i).has_string())
+            {
+                // String literal is added surrounded with "", but that's ok
+                print(expr.parts(i));
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                source += "{";
+                print(expr.parts(i));
+                source += "}";
+            }
+        }
+
+        source += "`";
+    }
+
     void print(const luau::LValue& expr)
     {
         if (expr.has_local())
diff --git a/tests/Autocomplete.test.cpp b/tests/Autocomplete.test.cpp
index b5787523..1b8bb3da 100644
--- a/tests/Autocomplete.test.cpp
+++ b/tests/Autocomplete.test.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauTraceTypesInNonstrictMode2)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauSetMetatableDoesNotTimeTravel)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauFixAutocompleteInIf)
+LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauFixAutocompleteInWhile)
+LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauFixAutocompleteInFor)
 
 using namespace Luau;
 
@@ -380,7 +382,7 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ACFixture, "table_intersection")
 {
     check(R"(
         type t1 = { a1 : string, b2 : number }
-        type t2 = { b2 : string, c3 : string }
+        type t2 = { b2 : number, c3 : string }
         function func(abc : t1 & t2)
             abc.  @1
         end
@@ -629,9 +631,19 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ACFixture, "autocomplete_for_middle_keywords")
     )");
 
     auto ac5 = autocomplete('1');
-    CHECK_EQ(ac5.entryMap.count("do"), 1);
-    CHECK_EQ(ac5.entryMap.count("end"), 0);
-    CHECK_EQ(ac5.context, AutocompleteContext::Keyword);
+    if (FFlag::LuauFixAutocompleteInFor)
+    {
+        CHECK_EQ(ac5.entryMap.count("math"), 1);
+        CHECK_EQ(ac5.entryMap.count("do"), 0);
+        CHECK_EQ(ac5.entryMap.count("end"), 0);
+        CHECK_EQ(ac5.context, AutocompleteContext::Expression);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        CHECK_EQ(ac5.entryMap.count("do"), 1);
+        CHECK_EQ(ac5.entryMap.count("end"), 0);
+        CHECK_EQ(ac5.context, AutocompleteContext::Keyword);
+    }
 
     check(R"(
         for x = 1, 2, 5 f@1
@@ -649,6 +661,31 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ACFixture, "autocomplete_for_middle_keywords")
     auto ac7 = autocomplete('1');
     CHECK_EQ(ac7.entryMap.count("end"), 1);
     CHECK_EQ(ac7.context, AutocompleteContext::Statement);
+
+    if (FFlag::LuauFixAutocompleteInFor)
+    {
+        check(R"(local Foo = 1
+            for x = @11, @22, @35
+        )");
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
+        {
+            auto ac8 = autocomplete('1' + i);
+            CHECK_EQ(ac8.entryMap.count("Foo"), 1);
+            CHECK_EQ(ac8.entryMap.count("do"), 0);
+        }
+
+        check(R"(local Foo = 1
+            for x = @11, @22
+        )");
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i)
+        {
+            auto ac9 = autocomplete('1' + i);
+            CHECK_EQ(ac9.entryMap.count("Foo"), 1);
+            CHECK_EQ(ac9.entryMap.count("do"), 0);
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ACFixture, "autocomplete_for_in_middle_keywords")
@@ -740,8 +777,18 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ACFixture, "autocomplete_while_middle_keywords")
     )");
 
     auto ac2 = autocomplete('1');
-    CHECK_EQ(1, ac2.entryMap.size());
-    CHECK_EQ(ac2.entryMap.count("do"), 1);
+    if (FFlag::LuauFixAutocompleteInWhile)
+    {
+        CHECK_EQ(3, ac2.entryMap.size());
+        CHECK_EQ(ac2.entryMap.count("do"), 1);
+        CHECK_EQ(ac2.entryMap.count("and"), 1);
+        CHECK_EQ(ac2.entryMap.count("or"), 1);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        CHECK_EQ(1, ac2.entryMap.size());
+        CHECK_EQ(ac2.entryMap.count("do"), 1);
+    }
     CHECK_EQ(ac2.context, AutocompleteContext::Keyword);
 
     check(R"(
@@ -757,9 +804,31 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ACFixture, "autocomplete_while_middle_keywords")
     )");
 
     auto ac4 = autocomplete('1');
-    CHECK_EQ(1, ac4.entryMap.size());
-    CHECK_EQ(ac4.entryMap.count("do"), 1);
+    if (FFlag::LuauFixAutocompleteInWhile)
+    {
+        CHECK_EQ(3, ac4.entryMap.size());
+        CHECK_EQ(ac4.entryMap.count("do"), 1);
+        CHECK_EQ(ac4.entryMap.count("and"), 1);
+        CHECK_EQ(ac4.entryMap.count("or"), 1);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        CHECK_EQ(1, ac4.entryMap.size());
+        CHECK_EQ(ac4.entryMap.count("do"), 1);
+    }
     CHECK_EQ(ac4.context, AutocompleteContext::Keyword);
+
+    if (FFlag::LuauFixAutocompleteInWhile)
+    {
+        check(R"(
+            while t@1
+        )");
+
+        auto ac5 = autocomplete('1');
+        CHECK_EQ(ac5.entryMap.count("do"), 0);
+        CHECK_EQ(ac5.entryMap.count("true"), 1);
+        CHECK_EQ(ac5.entryMap.count("false"), 1);
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ACFixture, "autocomplete_if_middle_keywords")
@@ -856,7 +925,7 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ACFixture, "autocomplete_if_middle_keywords")
     CHECK_EQ(ac5.entryMap.count("elseif"), 0);
     CHECK_EQ(ac5.entryMap.count("end"), 0);
     CHECK_EQ(ac5.context, AutocompleteContext::Statement);
-    
+
     if (FFlag::LuauFixAutocompleteInIf)
     {
         check(R"(
@@ -3399,6 +3468,8 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ACFixture, "type_reduction_is_hooked_up_to_autocomplete")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ACFixture, "string_contents_is_available_to_callback")
 {
+    ScopedFastFlag luauAutocompleteStringContent{"LuauAutocompleteStringContent", true};
+
     loadDefinition(R"(
         declare function require(path: string): any
     )");
@@ -3414,10 +3485,9 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ACFixture, "string_contents_is_available_to_callback")
     )");
 
     bool isCorrect = false;
-    auto ac1 = autocomplete('1',
-        [&isCorrect](std::string, std::optional<const ClassType*>, std::optional<std::string> contents) -> std::optional<AutocompleteEntryMap>
-        {
-            isCorrect = contents.has_value() && contents.value() == "testing/";
+    auto ac1 = autocomplete(
+        '1', [&isCorrect](std::string, std::optional<const ClassType*>, std::optional<std::string> contents) -> std::optional<AutocompleteEntryMap> {
+            isCorrect = contents && *contents == "testing/";
             return std::nullopt;
         });
 
diff --git a/tests/Conformance.test.cpp b/tests/Conformance.test.cpp
index 13600cb7..4d3146b3 100644
--- a/tests/Conformance.test.cpp
+++ b/tests/Conformance.test.cpp
@@ -701,8 +701,7 @@ TEST_CASE("NDebugGetUpValue")
     copts.optimizationLevel = 0;
 
     runConformance(
-        "ndebug_upvalues.lua",
-        nullptr,
+        "ndebug_upvalues.lua", nullptr,
         [](lua_State* L) {
             lua_checkstack(L, LUA_MINSTACK);
 
diff --git a/tests/Fixture.cpp b/tests/Fixture.cpp
index 5ff00627..cb6eefc0 100644
--- a/tests/Fixture.cpp
+++ b/tests/Fixture.cpp
@@ -606,12 +606,14 @@ void createSomeClasses(Frontend* frontend)
 
     TypeId childType = arena.addType(ClassType{"Child", {}, parentType, std::nullopt, {}, nullptr, "Test"});
 
-    ClassType* childClass = getMutable<ClassType>(childType);
-    childClass->props["virtual_method"] = {makeFunction(arena, childType, {}, {})};
-
     addGlobalBinding(*frontend, "Child", {childType});
     moduleScope->exportedTypeBindings["Child"] = TypeFun{{}, childType};
 
+    TypeId anotherChildType = arena.addType(ClassType{"AnotherChild", {}, parentType, std::nullopt, {}, nullptr, "Test"});
+
+    addGlobalBinding(*frontend, "AnotherChild", {anotherChildType});
+    moduleScope->exportedTypeBindings["AnotherChild"] = TypeFun{{}, anotherChildType};
+
     TypeId unrelatedType = arena.addType(ClassType{"Unrelated", {}, frontend->builtinTypes->classType, std::nullopt, {}, nullptr, "Test"});
 
     addGlobalBinding(*frontend, "Unrelated", {unrelatedType});
diff --git a/tests/Linter.test.cpp b/tests/Linter.test.cpp
index 426b520c..84e28601 100644
--- a/tests/Linter.test.cpp
+++ b/tests/Linter.test.cpp
@@ -171,7 +171,6 @@ return bar()
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "GlobalAsLocalMultiFx")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sff{"LuauLintGlobalNeverReadBeforeWritten", true};
     LintResult result = lint(R"(
 function bar()
     foo = 6
@@ -192,7 +191,6 @@ return bar() + baz()
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "GlobalAsLocalMultiFxWithRead")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sff{"LuauLintGlobalNeverReadBeforeWritten", true};
     LintResult result = lint(R"(
 function bar()
     foo = 6
@@ -216,7 +214,6 @@ return bar() + baz() + read()
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "GlobalAsLocalWithConditional")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sff{"LuauLintGlobalNeverReadBeforeWritten", true};
     LintResult result = lint(R"(
 function bar()
     if true then foo = 6 end
@@ -236,7 +233,6 @@ return bar() + baz()
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "GlobalAsLocal3WithConditionalRead")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sff{"LuauLintGlobalNeverReadBeforeWritten", true};
     LintResult result = lint(R"(
 function bar()
     foo = 6
@@ -260,7 +256,6 @@ return bar() + baz() + read()
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "GlobalAsLocalInnerRead")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sff{"LuauLintGlobalNeverReadBeforeWritten", true};
     LintResult result = lint(R"(
 function foo()
    local f = function() return bar end
diff --git a/tests/Normalize.test.cpp b/tests/Normalize.test.cpp
index 615fc997..13a956cf 100644
--- a/tests/Normalize.test.cpp
+++ b/tests/Normalize.test.cpp
@@ -174,11 +174,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(IsSubtypeFixture, "table_with_any_prop")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(IsSubtypeFixture, "intersection")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sffs[]{
-        {"LuauSubtypeNormalizer", true},
-        {"LuauTypeNormalization2", true},
-    };
-
     check(R"(
         local a: number & string
         local b: number
diff --git a/tests/ToDot.test.cpp b/tests/ToDot.test.cpp
index dc08ae1c..80e82fdb 100644
--- a/tests/ToDot.test.cpp
+++ b/tests/ToDot.test.cpp
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
 
 using namespace Luau;
 
+LUAU_FASTFLAG(DebugLuauDeferredConstraintResolution);
+
 struct ToDotClassFixture : Fixture
 {
     ToDotClassFixture()
@@ -109,7 +111,27 @@ local function f(a, ...: string) return a end
     ToDotOptions opts;
     opts.showPointers = false;
 
-    CHECK_EQ(R"(digraph graphname {
+    if (FFlag::DebugLuauDeferredConstraintResolution)
+    {
+        CHECK_EQ(R"(digraph graphname {
+n1 [label="FunctionType 1"];
+n1 -> n2 [label="arg"];
+n2 [label="TypePack 2"];
+n2 -> n3;
+n3 [label="GenericType 3"];
+n2 -> n4 [label="tail"];
+n4 [label="VariadicTypePack 4"];
+n4 -> n5;
+n5 [label="string"];
+n1 -> n6 [label="ret"];
+n6 [label="TypePack 6"];
+n6 -> n3;
+})",
+            toDot(requireType("f"), opts));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        CHECK_EQ(R"(digraph graphname {
 n1 [label="FunctionType 1"];
 n1 -> n2 [label="arg"];
 n2 [label="TypePack 2"];
@@ -125,7 +147,8 @@ n6 -> n7;
 n7 [label="TypePack 7"];
 n7 -> n3;
 })",
-        toDot(requireType("f"), opts));
+            toDot(requireType("f"), opts));
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "union")
@@ -176,7 +199,35 @@ local a: A<number, ...string>
 
     ToDotOptions opts;
     opts.showPointers = false;
-    CHECK_EQ(R"(digraph graphname {
+    if (FFlag::DebugLuauDeferredConstraintResolution)
+    {
+        CHECK_EQ(R"(digraph graphname {
+n1 [label="TableType A"];
+n1 -> n2 [label="x"];
+n2 [label="number"];
+n1 -> n3 [label="y"];
+n3 [label="FunctionType 3"];
+n3 -> n4 [label="arg"];
+n4 [label="TypePack 4"];
+n4 -> n5 [label="tail"];
+n5 [label="VariadicTypePack 5"];
+n5 -> n6;
+n6 [label="string"];
+n3 -> n7 [label="ret"];
+n7 [label="TypePack 7"];
+n1 -> n8 [label="[index]"];
+n8 [label="string"];
+n1 -> n9 [label="[value]"];
+n9 [label="any"];
+n1 -> n10 [label="typeParam"];
+n10 [label="number"];
+n1 -> n5 [label="typePackParam"];
+})",
+            toDot(requireType("a"), opts));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        CHECK_EQ(R"(digraph graphname {
 n1 [label="TableType A"];
 n1 -> n2 [label="x"];
 n2 [label="number"];
@@ -196,7 +247,8 @@ n1 -> n9 [label="typeParam"];
 n9 [label="number"];
 n1 -> n4 [label="typePackParam"];
 })",
-        toDot(requireType("a"), opts));
+            toDot(requireType("a"), opts));
+    }
 
     // Extra coverage with pointers (unstable values)
     (void)toDot(requireType("a"));
@@ -357,14 +409,31 @@ b = a
 
     ToDotOptions opts;
     opts.showPointers = false;
-    CHECK_EQ(R"(digraph graphname {
+
+    if (FFlag::DebugLuauDeferredConstraintResolution)
+    {
+        CHECK_EQ(R"(digraph graphname {
+n1 [label="BoundType 1"];
+n1 -> n2;
+n2 [label="TableType 2"];
+n2 -> n3 [label="boundTo"];
+n3 [label="TableType 3"];
+n3 -> n4 [label="x"];
+n4 [label="number"];
+})",
+            toDot(*ty, opts));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        CHECK_EQ(R"(digraph graphname {
 n1 [label="TableType 1"];
 n1 -> n2 [label="boundTo"];
 n2 [label="TableType a"];
 n2 -> n3 [label="x"];
 n3 [label="number"];
 })",
-        toDot(*ty, opts));
+            toDot(*ty, opts));
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "builtintypes")
diff --git a/tests/ToString.test.cpp b/tests/ToString.test.cpp
index 7d27437d..0e51f976 100644
--- a/tests/ToString.test.cpp
+++ b/tests/ToString.test.cpp
@@ -814,8 +814,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "toStringNamedFunction_hide_self_param")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "tostring_unsee_ttv_if_array")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sff("LuauUnseeArrayTtv", true);
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
         local x: {string}
         -- This code is constructed very specifically to use the same (by pointer
diff --git a/tests/TypeInfer.builtins.test.cpp b/tests/TypeInfer.builtins.test.cpp
index 6c2d3108..860dcfd0 100644
--- a/tests/TypeInfer.builtins.test.cpp
+++ b/tests/TypeInfer.builtins.test.cpp
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@
 
 using namespace Luau;
 
-LUAU_FASTFLAG(DebugLuauDeferredConstraintResolution)
+LUAU_FASTFLAG(DebugLuauDeferredConstraintResolution);
+LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauMatchReturnsOptionalString);
 
 TEST_SUITE_BEGIN("BuiltinTests");
 
@@ -174,7 +175,7 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "math_max_checks_for_numbers")
         local n = math.max(1,2,"3")
     )");
 
-    CHECK(!result.errors.empty());
+    LUAU_REQUIRE_ERRORS(result);
     CHECK_EQ("Type 'string' could not be converted into 'number'", toString(result.errors[0]));
 }
 
@@ -1004,7 +1005,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "table_freeze_is_generic")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "set_metatable_needs_arguments")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sff{"LuauSetMetaTableArgsCheck", true};
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
 local a = {b=setmetatable}
 a.b()
@@ -1055,6 +1055,20 @@ end
     LUAU_REQUIRE_NO_ERRORS(result);
 }
 
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "string_match")
+{
+    CheckResult result = check(R"(
+        local s:string
+        local p = s:match("foo")
+    )");
+
+    LUAU_REQUIRE_NO_ERRORS(result);
+    if (FFlag::LuauMatchReturnsOptionalString)
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("p")), "string?");
+    else
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("p")), "string");
+}
+
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "gmatch_capture_types")
 {
     CheckResult result = check(R"END(
@@ -1063,12 +1077,21 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "gmatch_capture_types")
 
     LUAU_REQUIRE_NO_ERRORS(result);
 
-    CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("a")), "string");
-    CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("b")), "number");
-    CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("c")), "string");
+    if (FFlag::LuauMatchReturnsOptionalString)
+    {
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("a")), "string?");
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("b")), "number?");
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("c")), "string?");
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("a")), "string");
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("b")), "number");
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("c")), "string");
+    }
 }
 
-TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "gmatch_capture_types2")
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "gmatch_capture_types2")
 {
     CheckResult result = check(R"END(
         local a, b, c = ("This is a string"):gmatch("(.()(%a+))")()
@@ -1076,9 +1099,18 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "gmatch_capture_types2")
 
     LUAU_REQUIRE_NO_ERRORS(result);
 
-    CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("a")), "string");
-    CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("b")), "number");
-    CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("c")), "string");
+    if (FFlag::LuauMatchReturnsOptionalString)
+    {
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("a")), "string?");
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("b")), "number?");
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("c")), "string?");
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("a")), "string");
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("b")), "number");
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("c")), "string");
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "gmatch_capture_types_default_capture")
@@ -1095,7 +1127,10 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "gmatch_capture_types_default_capture")
     CHECK_EQ(acm->expected, 1);
     CHECK_EQ(acm->actual, 4);
 
-    CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("a")), "string");
+    if (FFlag::LuauMatchReturnsOptionalString)
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("a")), "string?");
+    else
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("a")), "string");
 }
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "gmatch_capture_types_balanced_escaped_parens")
@@ -1112,9 +1147,18 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "gmatch_capture_types_balanced_escaped_parens
     CHECK_EQ(acm->expected, 3);
     CHECK_EQ(acm->actual, 4);
 
-    CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("a")), "string");
-    CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("b")), "string");
-    CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("c")), "number");
+    if (FFlag::LuauMatchReturnsOptionalString)
+    {
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("a")), "string?");
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("b")), "string?");
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("c")), "number?");
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("a")), "string");
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("b")), "string");
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("c")), "number");
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "gmatch_capture_types_parens_in_sets_are_ignored")
@@ -1131,8 +1175,16 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "gmatch_capture_types_parens_in_sets_are_igno
     CHECK_EQ(acm->expected, 2);
     CHECK_EQ(acm->actual, 3);
 
-    CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("a")), "string");
-    CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("b")), "number");
+    if (FFlag::LuauMatchReturnsOptionalString)
+    {
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("a")), "string?");
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("b")), "number?");
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("a")), "string");
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("b")), "number");
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "gmatch_capture_types_set_containing_lbracket")
@@ -1143,8 +1195,16 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "gmatch_capture_types_set_containing_lbracket
 
     LUAU_REQUIRE_NO_ERRORS(result);
 
-    CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("a")), "number");
-    CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("b")), "string");
+    if (FFlag::LuauMatchReturnsOptionalString)
+    {
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("a")), "number?");
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("b")), "string?");
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("a")), "number");
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("b")), "string");
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "gmatch_capture_types_leading_end_bracket_is_part_of_set")
@@ -1192,9 +1252,18 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "match_capture_types")
 
     LUAU_REQUIRE_NO_ERRORS(result);
 
-    CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("a")), "string");
-    CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("b")), "number");
-    CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("c")), "string");
+    if (FFlag::LuauMatchReturnsOptionalString)
+    {
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("a")), "string?");
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("b")), "number?");
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("c")), "string?");
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("a")), "string");
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("b")), "number");
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("c")), "string");
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "match_capture_types2")
@@ -1210,9 +1279,18 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "match_capture_types2")
     CHECK_EQ(toString(tm->wantedType), "number?");
     CHECK_EQ(toString(tm->givenType), "string");
 
-    CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("a")), "string");
-    CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("b")), "number");
-    CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("c")), "string");
+    if (FFlag::LuauMatchReturnsOptionalString)
+    {
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("a")), "string?");
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("b")), "number?");
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("c")), "string?");
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("a")), "string");
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("b")), "number");
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("c")), "string");
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "find_capture_types")
@@ -1223,9 +1301,18 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "find_capture_types")
 
     LUAU_REQUIRE_NO_ERRORS(result);
 
-    CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("a")), "string");
-    CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("b")), "number");
-    CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("c")), "string");
+    if (FFlag::LuauMatchReturnsOptionalString)
+    {
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("a")), "string?");
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("b")), "number?");
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("c")), "string?");
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("a")), "string");
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("b")), "number");
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("c")), "string");
+    }
     CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("d")), "number?");
     CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("e")), "number?");
 }
@@ -1243,9 +1330,18 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "find_capture_types2")
     CHECK_EQ(toString(tm->wantedType), "number?");
     CHECK_EQ(toString(tm->givenType), "string");
 
-    CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("a")), "string");
-    CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("b")), "number");
-    CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("c")), "string");
+    if (FFlag::LuauMatchReturnsOptionalString)
+    {
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("a")), "string?");
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("b")), "number?");
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("c")), "string?");
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("a")), "string");
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("b")), "number");
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("c")), "string");
+    }
     CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("d")), "number?");
     CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("e")), "number?");
 }
@@ -1263,9 +1359,18 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "find_capture_types3")
     CHECK_EQ(toString(tm->wantedType), "boolean?");
     CHECK_EQ(toString(tm->givenType), "string");
 
-    CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("a")), "string");
-    CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("b")), "number");
-    CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("c")), "string");
+    if (FFlag::LuauMatchReturnsOptionalString)
+    {
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("a")), "string?");
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("b")), "number?");
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("c")), "string?");
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("a")), "string");
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("b")), "number");
+        CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("c")), "string");
+    }
     CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("d")), "number?");
     CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("e")), "number?");
 }
diff --git a/tests/TypeInfer.classes.test.cpp b/tests/TypeInfer.classes.test.cpp
index 28315b67..becc88aa 100644
--- a/tests/TypeInfer.classes.test.cpp
+++ b/tests/TypeInfer.classes.test.cpp
@@ -398,11 +398,6 @@ local a: ChildClass = i
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ClassFixture, "intersections_of_unions_of_classes")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sffs[]{
-        {"LuauSubtypeNormalizer", true},
-        {"LuauTypeNormalization2", true},
-    };
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
         local x : (BaseClass | Vector2) & (ChildClass | AnotherChild)
         local y : (ChildClass | AnotherChild)
@@ -415,11 +410,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ClassFixture, "intersections_of_unions_of_classes")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ClassFixture, "unions_of_intersections_of_classes")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sffs[]{
-        {"LuauSubtypeNormalizer", true},
-        {"LuauTypeNormalization2", true},
-    };
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
         local x : (BaseClass & ChildClass) | (BaseClass & AnotherChild) | (BaseClass & Vector2)
         local y : (ChildClass | AnotherChild)
@@ -482,8 +472,6 @@ caused by:
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ClassFixture, "callable_classes")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag luauCallableClasses{"LuauCallableClasses", true};
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
         local x : CallableClass
         local y = x("testing")
diff --git a/tests/TypeInfer.definitions.test.cpp b/tests/TypeInfer.definitions.test.cpp
index 93b405c2..2a681d1a 100644
--- a/tests/TypeInfer.definitions.test.cpp
+++ b/tests/TypeInfer.definitions.test.cpp
@@ -396,8 +396,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "class_definition_string_props")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "class_definitions_reference_other_classes")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag LuauDeclareClassPrototype("LuauDeclareClassPrototype", true);
-
     unfreeze(typeChecker.globalTypes);
     LoadDefinitionFileResult result = loadDefinitionFile(typeChecker, typeChecker.globalScope, R"(
         declare class Channel
diff --git a/tests/TypeInfer.functions.test.cpp b/tests/TypeInfer.functions.test.cpp
index 70de13d1..de338fe1 100644
--- a/tests/TypeInfer.functions.test.cpp
+++ b/tests/TypeInfer.functions.test.cpp
@@ -1726,12 +1726,6 @@ foo(string.find("hello", "e"))
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "luau_subtyping_is_np_hard")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sffs[]{
-        {"LuauSubtypeNormalizer", true},
-        {"LuauTypeNormalization2", true},
-        {"LuauOverloadedFunctionSubtypingPerf", true},
-    };
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
 --!strict
 
@@ -1834,8 +1828,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "other_things_are_not_related_to_function")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "fuzz_must_follow_in_overload_resolution")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag luauTypeInferMissingFollows{"LuauTypeInferMissingFollows", true};
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
 for _ in function<t0>():(t0)&((()->())&(()->()))
 end do
diff --git a/tests/TypeInfer.intersectionTypes.test.cpp b/tests/TypeInfer.intersectionTypes.test.cpp
index b57d8820..e18a7378 100644
--- a/tests/TypeInfer.intersectionTypes.test.cpp
+++ b/tests/TypeInfer.intersectionTypes.test.cpp
@@ -463,11 +463,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "intersect_false_and_bool_and_false")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "intersect_saturate_overloaded_functions")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sffs[]{
-        {"LuauSubtypeNormalizer", true},
-        {"LuauTypeNormalization2", true},
-    };
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
         local x : ((number?) -> number?) & ((string?) -> string?)
         local y : (nil) -> nil = x -- OK
@@ -481,11 +476,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "intersect_saturate_overloaded_functions")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "union_saturate_overloaded_functions")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sffs[]{
-        {"LuauSubtypeNormalizer", true},
-        {"LuauTypeNormalization2", true},
-    };
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
         local x : ((number) -> number) & ((string) -> string)
         local y : ((number | string) -> (number | string)) = x -- OK
@@ -499,11 +489,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "union_saturate_overloaded_functions")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "intersection_of_tables")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sffs[]{
-        {"LuauSubtypeNormalizer", true},
-        {"LuauTypeNormalization2", true},
-    };
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
         local x : { p : number?, q : string? } & { p : number?, q : number?, r : number? }
         local y : { p : number?, q : nil, r : number? } = x -- OK
@@ -531,8 +516,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "intersection_of_tables_with_top_properties")
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "intersection_of_tables_with_never_properties")
 {
     ScopedFastFlag sffs[]{
-        {"LuauSubtypeNormalizer", true},
-        {"LuauTypeNormalization2", true},
         {"LuauUninhabitedSubAnything2", true},
     };
 
@@ -547,11 +530,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "intersection_of_tables_with_never_properties")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "overloaded_functions_returning_intersections")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sffs[]{
-        {"LuauSubtypeNormalizer", true},
-        {"LuauTypeNormalization2", true},
-    };
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
         local x : ((number?) -> ({ p : number } & { q : number })) & ((string?) -> ({ p : number } & { r : number }))
         local y : (nil) -> { p : number, q : number, r : number} = x -- OK
@@ -566,11 +544,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "overloaded_functions_returning_intersections")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "overloaded_functions_mentioning_generic")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sffs[]{
-        {"LuauSubtypeNormalizer", true},
-        {"LuauTypeNormalization2", true},
-    };
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
       function f<a>()
         local x : ((number?) -> (a | number)) & ((string?) -> (a | string))
@@ -586,11 +559,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "overloaded_functions_mentioning_generic")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "overloaded_functions_mentioning_generics")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sffs[]{
-        {"LuauSubtypeNormalizer", true},
-        {"LuauTypeNormalization2", true},
-    };
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
       function f<a,b,c>()
         local x : ((a?) -> (a | b)) & ((c?) -> (b | c))
@@ -606,11 +574,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "overloaded_functions_mentioning_generics")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "overloaded_functions_mentioning_generic_packs")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sffs[]{
-        {"LuauSubtypeNormalizer", true},
-        {"LuauTypeNormalization2", true},
-    };
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
       function f<a...,b...>()
         local x : ((number?, a...) -> (number?, b...)) & ((string?, a...) -> (string?, b...))
@@ -626,11 +589,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "overloaded_functions_mentioning_generic_packs")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "overloadeded_functions_with_unknown_result")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sffs[]{
-        {"LuauSubtypeNormalizer", true},
-        {"LuauTypeNormalization2", true},
-    };
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
       function f<a...,b...>()
         local x : ((number) -> number) & ((nil) -> unknown)
@@ -646,11 +604,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "overloadeded_functions_with_unknown_result")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "overloadeded_functions_with_unknown_arguments")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sffs[]{
-        {"LuauSubtypeNormalizer", true},
-        {"LuauTypeNormalization2", true},
-    };
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
       function f<a...,b...>()
         local x : ((number) -> number?) & ((unknown) -> string?)
@@ -666,11 +619,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "overloadeded_functions_with_unknown_arguments")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "overloadeded_functions_with_never_result")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sffs[]{
-        {"LuauSubtypeNormalizer", true},
-        {"LuauTypeNormalization2", true},
-    };
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
       function f<a...,b...>()
         local x : ((number) -> number) & ((nil) -> never)
@@ -686,11 +634,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "overloadeded_functions_with_never_result")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "overloadeded_functions_with_never_arguments")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sffs[]{
-        {"LuauSubtypeNormalizer", true},
-        {"LuauTypeNormalization2", true},
-    };
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
       function f<a...,b...>()
         local x : ((number) -> number?) & ((never) -> string?)
@@ -779,11 +722,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "overloadeded_functions_with_weird_typepacks_4")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "intersect_metatables")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sffs[]{
-        {"LuauSubtypeNormalizer", true},
-        {"LuauTypeNormalization2", true},
-    };
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
         local a : string? = nil
         local b : number? = nil
@@ -807,11 +745,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "intersect_metatables")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "intersect_metatable_subtypes")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sffs[]{
-        {"LuauSubtypeNormalizer", true},
-        {"LuauTypeNormalization2", true},
-    };
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
         local x = setmetatable({ a = 5 }, { p = 5 });
         local y = setmetatable({ b = "hi" }, { p = 5, q = "hi" });
@@ -833,11 +766,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "intersect_metatable_subtypes")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "intersect_metatables_with_properties")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sffs[]{
-        {"LuauSubtypeNormalizer", true},
-        {"LuauTypeNormalization2", true},
-    };
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
         local x = setmetatable({ a = 5 }, { p = 5 });
         local y = setmetatable({ b = "hi" }, { q = "hi" });
@@ -856,11 +784,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "intersect_metatables_with_properties")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "intersect_metatable_with_table")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sffs[]{
-        {"LuauSubtypeNormalizer", true},
-        {"LuauTypeNormalization2", true},
-    };
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
         local x = setmetatable({ a = 5 }, { p = 5 });
         local z = setmetatable({ a = 5, b = "hi" }, { p = 5 });
@@ -881,11 +804,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "intersect_metatable_with_table")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "CLI-44817")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sffs[]{
-        {"LuauSubtypeNormalizer", true},
-        {"LuauTypeNormalization2", true},
-    };
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
         type X = {x: number}
         type Y = {y: number}
diff --git a/tests/TypeInfer.modules.test.cpp b/tests/TypeInfer.modules.test.cpp
index fe52d168..ed3af11b 100644
--- a/tests/TypeInfer.modules.test.cpp
+++ b/tests/TypeInfer.modules.test.cpp
@@ -475,8 +475,6 @@ return l0
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "fuzz_anyify_variadic_return_must_follow")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag luauTypeInferMissingFollows{"LuauTypeInferMissingFollows", true};
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
 return unpack(l0[_])
     )");
diff --git a/tests/TypeInfer.negations.test.cpp b/tests/TypeInfer.negations.test.cpp
index 261314a6..adf03653 100644
--- a/tests/TypeInfer.negations.test.cpp
+++ b/tests/TypeInfer.negations.test.cpp
@@ -14,9 +14,6 @@ namespace
 struct NegationFixture : Fixture
 {
     TypeArena arena;
-    ScopedFastFlag sff[1]{
-        {"LuauSubtypeNormalizer", true},
-    };
 
     NegationFixture()
     {
diff --git a/tests/TypeInfer.primitives.test.cpp b/tests/TypeInfer.primitives.test.cpp
index 7e99f0b0..02fdfa36 100644
--- a/tests/TypeInfer.primitives.test.cpp
+++ b/tests/TypeInfer.primitives.test.cpp
@@ -72,17 +72,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "string_function_indirect")
     CHECK_EQ(*requireType("p"), *typeChecker.stringType);
 }
 
-TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "string_function_other")
-{
-    CheckResult result = check(R"(
-        local s:string
-        local p = s:match("foo")
-    )");
-
-    LUAU_REQUIRE_NO_ERRORS(result);
-    CHECK_EQ(toString(requireType("p")), "string");
-}
-
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "CheckMethodsOfNumber")
 {
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
diff --git a/tests/TypeInfer.refinements.test.cpp b/tests/TypeInfer.refinements.test.cpp
index f77cacfa..dced3f58 100644
--- a/tests/TypeInfer.refinements.test.cpp
+++ b/tests/TypeInfer.refinements.test.cpp
@@ -800,7 +800,9 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "type_guard_can_filter_for_intersection_of_ta
 
     LUAU_REQUIRE_NO_ERRORS(result);
 
-    CHECK_EQ("{| x: number |} & {| y: number |}", toString(requireTypeAtPosition({4, 28})));
+    ToStringOptions opts;
+    opts.exhaustive = true;
+    CHECK_EQ("{| x: number |} & {| y: number |}", toString(requireTypeAtPosition({4, 28}), opts));
     CHECK_EQ("nil", toString(requireTypeAtPosition({6, 28})));
 }
 
@@ -1436,6 +1438,32 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(RefinementClassFixture, "type_narrow_for_all_the_userdata")
     CHECK_EQ("number | string", toString(requireTypeAtPosition({5, 28})));
 }
 
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(RefinementClassFixture, "type_narrow_but_the_discriminant_type_isnt_a_class")
+{
+    CheckResult result = check(R"(
+        local function f(x: string | number | Instance | Vector3)
+            if type(x) == "any" then
+                local foo = x
+            else
+                local foo = x
+            end
+        end
+    )");
+
+    LUAU_REQUIRE_NO_ERRORS(result);
+
+    if (FFlag::DebugLuauDeferredConstraintResolution)
+    {
+        CHECK_EQ("(Instance | Vector3 | number | string) & never", toString(requireTypeAtPosition({3, 28})));
+        CHECK_EQ("(Instance | Vector3 | number | string) & ~never", toString(requireTypeAtPosition({5, 28})));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        CHECK_EQ("*error-type*", toString(requireTypeAtPosition({3, 28})));
+        CHECK_EQ("*error-type*", toString(requireTypeAtPosition({5, 28})));
+    }
+}
+
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(RefinementClassFixture, "eliminate_subclasses_of_instance")
 {
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
@@ -1721,8 +1749,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "else_with_no_explicit_expression_should_also_refine_
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "fuzz_filtered_refined_types_are_followed")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag luauTypeInferMissingFollows{"LuauTypeInferMissingFollows", true};
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
 local _
 do
diff --git a/tests/TypeInfer.tables.test.cpp b/tests/TypeInfer.tables.test.cpp
index dc3b7ceb..01e1ead7 100644
--- a/tests/TypeInfer.tables.test.cpp
+++ b/tests/TypeInfer.tables.test.cpp
@@ -55,7 +55,10 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "augment_table")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "augment_nested_table")
 {
-    CheckResult result = check("local t = { p = {} }  t.p.foo = 'bar'");
+    CheckResult result = check(R"(
+        local t = { p = {} }
+        t.p.foo = 'bar'
+    )");
     LUAU_REQUIRE_NO_ERRORS(result);
 
     TableType* tType = getMutable<TableType>(requireType("t"));
@@ -70,19 +73,28 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "augment_nested_table")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "cannot_augment_sealed_table")
 {
-    CheckResult result = check("function mkt() return {prop=999} end    local t = mkt()    t.foo = 'bar'");
+    CheckResult result = check(R"(
+        function mkt()
+            return {prop=999}
+        end
+
+        local t = mkt()
+        t.foo = 'bar'
+    )");
     LUAU_REQUIRE_ERROR_COUNT(1, result);
 
     TypeError& err = result.errors[0];
+
+    CHECK(err.location == Location{Position{6, 8}, Position{6, 13}});
+
     CannotExtendTable* error = get<CannotExtendTable>(err);
-    REQUIRE(error != nullptr);
+    REQUIRE_MESSAGE(error != nullptr, "Expected CannotExtendTable but got: " << toString(err));
 
     // TODO: better, more robust comparison of type vars
     auto s = toString(error->tableType, ToStringOptions{/*exhaustive*/ true});
     CHECK_EQ(s, "{| prop: number |}");
     CHECK_EQ(error->prop, "foo");
     CHECK_EQ(error->context, CannotExtendTable::Property);
-    CHECK_EQ(err.location, (Location{Position{0, 59}, Position{0, 64}}));
 }
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "dont_seal_an_unsealed_table_by_passing_it_to_a_function_that_takes_a_sealed_table")
diff --git a/tests/TypeInfer.test.cpp b/tests/TypeInfer.test.cpp
index f4b84262..fcbe2b14 100644
--- a/tests/TypeInfer.test.cpp
+++ b/tests/TypeInfer.test.cpp
@@ -1029,10 +1029,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "type_infer_recursion_limit_no_ice")
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "type_infer_recursion_limit_normalizer")
 {
     ScopedFastInt sfi("LuauTypeInferRecursionLimit", 10);
-    ScopedFastFlag sffs[]{
-        {"LuauSubtypeNormalizer", true},
-        {"LuauTypeNormalization2", true},
-    };
 
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
         function f<a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j>()
@@ -1048,10 +1044,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "type_infer_recursion_limit_normalizer")
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "type_infer_cache_limit_normalizer")
 {
     ScopedFastInt sfi("LuauNormalizeCacheLimit", 10);
-    ScopedFastFlag sffs[]{
-        {"LuauSubtypeNormalizer", true},
-        {"LuauTypeNormalization2", true},
-    };
 
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
         local x : ((number) -> number) & ((string) -> string) & ((nil) -> nil) & (({}) -> {})
@@ -1161,8 +1153,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "it_is_ok_to_have_inconsistent_number_of_retu
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "fuzz_free_table_type_change_during_index_check")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag luauFollowInLvalueIndexCheck{"LuauFollowInLvalueIndexCheck", true};
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
 local _ = nil
 while _["" >= _] do
diff --git a/tests/TypeInfer.tryUnify.test.cpp b/tests/TypeInfer.tryUnify.test.cpp
index 80c7ab57..8a55c5cf 100644
--- a/tests/TypeInfer.tryUnify.test.cpp
+++ b/tests/TypeInfer.tryUnify.test.cpp
@@ -112,11 +112,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(TryUnifyFixture, "incompatible_tables_are_preserved")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(TryUnifyFixture, "uninhabited_intersection_sub_never")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sffs[]{
-        {"LuauSubtypeNormalizer", true},
-        {"LuauTypeNormalization2", true},
-    };
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
         function f(arg : string & number) : never
           return arg
@@ -127,11 +122,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(TryUnifyFixture, "uninhabited_intersection_sub_never")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(TryUnifyFixture, "uninhabited_intersection_sub_anything")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sffs[]{
-        {"LuauSubtypeNormalizer", true},
-        {"LuauTypeNormalization2", true},
-    };
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
         function f(arg : string & number) : boolean
           return arg
@@ -143,8 +133,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(TryUnifyFixture, "uninhabited_intersection_sub_anything")
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(TryUnifyFixture, "uninhabited_table_sub_never")
 {
     ScopedFastFlag sffs[]{
-        {"LuauSubtypeNormalizer", true},
-        {"LuauTypeNormalization2", true},
         {"LuauUninhabitedSubAnything2", true},
     };
 
@@ -159,8 +147,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(TryUnifyFixture, "uninhabited_table_sub_never")
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(TryUnifyFixture, "uninhabited_table_sub_anything")
 {
     ScopedFastFlag sffs[]{
-        {"LuauSubtypeNormalizer", true},
-        {"LuauTypeNormalization2", true},
         {"LuauUninhabitedSubAnything2", true},
     };
 
@@ -363,8 +349,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(TryUnifyFixture, "metatables_unify_against_shape_of_free_table
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(TryUnifyFixture, "fuzz_tail_unification_issue")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag luauTxnLogTypePackIterator{"LuauTxnLogTypePackIterator", true};
-
     TypePackVar variadicAny{VariadicTypePack{typeChecker.anyType}};
     TypePackVar packTmp{TypePack{{typeChecker.anyType}, &variadicAny}};
     TypePackVar packSub{TypePack{{typeChecker.anyType, typeChecker.anyType}, &packTmp}};
@@ -376,4 +360,18 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(TryUnifyFixture, "fuzz_tail_unification_issue")
     state.tryUnify(&packSub, &packSuper);
 }
 
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "fuzz_unify_any_should_check_log")
+{
+    ScopedFastFlag luauUnifyAnyTxnLog{"LuauUnifyAnyTxnLog", true};
+
+    CheckResult result = check(R"(
+repeat
+_._,_ = nil
+until _
+local l0:(any)&(typeof(_)),l0:(any)|(any) = _,_
+    )");
+
+    LUAU_REQUIRE_ERRORS(result);
+}
+
 TEST_SUITE_END();
diff --git a/tests/TypeInfer.typePacks.cpp b/tests/TypeInfer.typePacks.cpp
index 94448cfa..5486b969 100644
--- a/tests/TypeInfer.typePacks.cpp
+++ b/tests/TypeInfer.typePacks.cpp
@@ -1039,8 +1039,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "generalize_expectedTypes_with_proper_scope")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "fuzz_typepack_iter_follow")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag luauTxnLogTypePackIterator{"LuauTxnLogTypePackIterator", true};
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
 local _
 local _ = _,_(),_(_)
@@ -1051,8 +1049,6 @@ local _ = _,_(),_(_)
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "fuzz_typepack_iter_follow_2")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag luauTxnLogTypePackIterator{"LuauTxnLogTypePackIterator", true};
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
 function test(name, searchTerm)
     local found = string.find(name:lower(), searchTerm:lower())
diff --git a/tests/TypeInfer.unionTypes.test.cpp b/tests/TypeInfer.unionTypes.test.cpp
index 8831bb2e..6f69d682 100644
--- a/tests/TypeInfer.unionTypes.test.cpp
+++ b/tests/TypeInfer.unionTypes.test.cpp
@@ -544,11 +544,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "table_union_write_indirect")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "union_true_and_false")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sffs[]{
-        {"LuauSubtypeNormalizer", true},
-        {"LuauTypeNormalization2", true},
-    };
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
         local x : boolean
         local y1 : (true | false) = x -- OK
@@ -562,11 +557,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "union_true_and_false")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "union_of_functions")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sffs[]{
-        {"LuauSubtypeNormalizer", true},
-        {"LuauTypeNormalization2", true},
-    };
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
         local x : (number) -> number?
         local y : ((number?) -> number?) | ((number) -> number) = x -- OK
@@ -599,11 +589,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "union_of_generic_typepack_functions")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "union_of_functions_mentioning_generics")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sffs[]{
-        {"LuauSubtypeNormalizer", true},
-        {"LuauTypeNormalization2", true},
-    };
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
       function f<a,b>()
         local x : (a) -> a?
@@ -619,11 +604,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "union_of_functions_mentioning_generics")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "union_of_functions_mentioning_generic_typepacks")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sffs[]{
-        {"LuauSubtypeNormalizer", true},
-        {"LuauTypeNormalization2", true},
-    };
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
       function f<a...>()
         local x : (number, a...) -> (number?, a...)
@@ -639,11 +619,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "union_of_functions_mentioning_generic_typepacks")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "union_of_functions_with_mismatching_arg_arities")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sffs[]{
-        {"LuauSubtypeNormalizer", true},
-        {"LuauTypeNormalization2", true},
-    };
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
         local x : (number) -> number?
         local y : ((number?) -> number) | ((number | string) -> nil) = x -- OK
@@ -657,11 +632,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "union_of_functions_with_mismatching_arg_arities")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "union_of_functions_with_mismatching_result_arities")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sffs[]{
-        {"LuauSubtypeNormalizer", true},
-        {"LuauTypeNormalization2", true},
-    };
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
         local x : () -> (number | string)
         local y : (() -> number) | (() -> string) = x -- OK
@@ -675,11 +645,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "union_of_functions_with_mismatching_result_arities")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "union_of_functions_with_variadics")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sffs[]{
-        {"LuauSubtypeNormalizer", true},
-        {"LuauTypeNormalization2", true},
-    };
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
         local x : (...nil) -> (...number?)
         local y : ((...string?) -> (...number)) | ((...number?) -> nil) = x -- OK
@@ -693,11 +658,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "union_of_functions_with_variadics")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "union_of_functions_with_mismatching_arg_variadics")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sffs[]{
-        {"LuauSubtypeNormalizer", true},
-        {"LuauTypeNormalization2", true},
-    };
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
         local x : (number) -> ()
         local y : ((number?) -> ()) | ((...number) -> ()) = x -- OK
@@ -711,11 +671,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "union_of_functions_with_mismatching_arg_variadics")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "union_of_functions_with_mismatching_result_variadics")
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sffs[]{
-        {"LuauSubtypeNormalizer", true},
-        {"LuauTypeNormalization2", true},
-    };
-
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
         local x : () -> (number?, ...number)
         local y : (() -> (...number)) | (() -> nil) = x -- OK
diff --git a/tests/TypeReduction.test.cpp b/tests/TypeReduction.test.cpp
index f2d7b027..f1d5eae9 100644
--- a/tests/TypeReduction.test.cpp
+++ b/tests/TypeReduction.test.cpp
@@ -10,10 +10,13 @@ namespace
 {
 struct ReductionFixture : Fixture
 {
+    TypeReductionOptions typeReductionOpts{/* allowTypeReductionsFromOtherArenas */ true};
+    ToStringOptions toStringOpts{true};
+
     TypeArena arena;
     InternalErrorReporter iceHandler;
     UnifierSharedState unifierState{&iceHandler};
-    TypeReduction reduction{NotNull{&arena}, builtinTypes, NotNull{&iceHandler}};
+    TypeReduction reduction{NotNull{&arena}, builtinTypes, NotNull{&iceHandler}, typeReductionOpts};
 
     ReductionFixture()
     {
@@ -28,18 +31,15 @@ struct ReductionFixture : Fixture
         return *reducedTy;
     }
 
-    std::optional<TypeId> tryReduce(const std::string& annotation)
-    {
-        CheckResult result = check("type _Res = " + annotation);
-        LUAU_REQUIRE_NO_ERRORS(result);
-        return reduction.reduce(requireTypeAlias("_Res"));
-    }
-
     TypeId reductionof(const std::string& annotation)
     {
-        std::optional<TypeId> reducedTy = tryReduce(annotation);
-        REQUIRE_MESSAGE(reducedTy, "Exceeded the cartesian product of the type");
-        return *reducedTy;
+        check("type _Res = " + annotation);
+        return reductionof(requireTypeAlias("_Res"));
+    }
+
+    std::string toStringFull(TypeId ty)
+    {
+        return toString(ty, toStringOpts);
     }
 };
 } // namespace
@@ -50,42 +50,54 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ReductionFixture, "cartesian_product_exceeded")
 {
     ScopedFastInt sfi{"LuauTypeReductionCartesianProductLimit", 5};
 
-    std::optional<TypeId> ty = tryReduce(R"(
-        string & (number | string | boolean) & (number | string | boolean)
+    CheckResult result = check(R"(
+        type T
+            = string
+            & (number | string | boolean)
+            & (number | string | boolean)
     )");
 
-    CHECK(!ty);
+    CHECK(!reduction.reduce(requireTypeAlias("T")));
+    // LUAU_REQUIRE_ERROR_COUNT(1, result);
+    // CHECK("Code is too complex to typecheck! Consider simplifying the code around this area" == toString(result.errors[0]));
 }
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ReductionFixture, "cartesian_product_exceeded_with_normal_limit")
 {
-    std::optional<TypeId> ty = tryReduce(R"(
-        string                        -- 1         = 1
-        & (number | string | boolean) -- 1     * 3 = 3
-        & (number | string | boolean) -- 3     * 3 = 9
-        & (number | string | boolean) -- 9     * 3 = 27
-        & (number | string | boolean) -- 27    * 3 = 81
-        & (number | string | boolean) -- 81    * 3 = 243
-        & (number | string | boolean) -- 243   * 3 = 729
-        & (number | string | boolean) -- 729   * 3 = 2187
-        & (number | string | boolean) -- 2187  * 3 = 6561
-        & (number | string | boolean) -- 6561  * 3 = 19683
-        & (number | string | boolean) -- 19683 * 3 = 59049
-        & (number | string)           -- 59049 * 2 = 118098
+    CheckResult result = check(R"(
+        type T
+            = string                        -- 1         = 1
+            & (number | string | boolean) -- 1     * 3 = 3
+            & (number | string | boolean) -- 3     * 3 = 9
+            & (number | string | boolean) -- 9     * 3 = 27
+            & (number | string | boolean) -- 27    * 3 = 81
+            & (number | string | boolean) -- 81    * 3 = 243
+            & (number | string | boolean) -- 243   * 3 = 729
+            & (number | string | boolean) -- 729   * 3 = 2187
+            & (number | string | boolean) -- 2187  * 3 = 6561
+            & (number | string | boolean) -- 6561  * 3 = 19683
+            & (number | string | boolean) -- 19683 * 3 = 59049
+            & (number | string)           -- 59049 * 2 = 118098
     )");
 
-    CHECK(!ty);
+    CHECK(!reduction.reduce(requireTypeAlias("T")));
+    // LUAU_REQUIRE_ERROR_COUNT(1, result);
+    // CHECK("Code is too complex to typecheck! Consider simplifying the code around this area" == toString(result.errors[0]));
 }
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ReductionFixture, "cartesian_product_is_zero")
 {
     ScopedFastInt sfi{"LuauTypeReductionCartesianProductLimit", 5};
 
-    std::optional<TypeId> ty = tryReduce(R"(
-        string & (number | string | boolean) & (number | string | boolean) & never
+    CheckResult result = check(R"(
+        type T
+            = string
+            & (number | string | boolean)
+            & (number | string | boolean)
+            & never
     )");
 
-    CHECK(ty);
+    LUAU_REQUIRE_NO_ERRORS(result);
 }
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ReductionFixture, "stress_test_recursion_limits")
@@ -115,13 +127,10 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ReductionFixture, "caching")
 
         TypeId intersectionTy = arena.addType(IntersectionType{{ty1, ty2}});
 
-        ToStringOptions opts;
-        opts.exhaustive = true;
-
-        CHECK("{- x: string -} & {|  |}" == toString(reductionof(intersectionTy)));
+        CHECK("{- x: string -} & {|  |}" == toStringFull(reductionof(intersectionTy)));
 
         getMutable<TableType>(ty1)->state = TableState::Sealed;
-        CHECK("{| x: string |}" == toString(reductionof(intersectionTy)));
+        CHECK("{| x: string |}" == toStringFull(reductionof(intersectionTy)));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("unsealed_tables")
@@ -135,13 +144,10 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ReductionFixture, "caching")
 
         TypeId intersectionTy = arena.addType(IntersectionType{{ty1, ty2}});
 
-        ToStringOptions opts;
-        opts.exhaustive = true;
-
-        CHECK("{| x: string |}" == toString(reductionof(intersectionTy)));
+        CHECK("{| x: string |}" == toStringFull(reductionof(intersectionTy)));
 
         getMutable<TableType>(ty1)->state = TableState::Sealed;
-        CHECK("{| x: string |}" == toString(reductionof(intersectionTy)));
+        CHECK("{| x: string |}" == toStringFull(reductionof(intersectionTy)));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("free_types")
@@ -152,13 +158,10 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ReductionFixture, "caching")
 
         TypeId intersectionTy = arena.addType(IntersectionType{{ty1, ty2}});
 
-        ToStringOptions opts;
-        opts.exhaustive = true;
-
-        CHECK("a & {|  |}" == toString(reductionof(intersectionTy)));
+        CHECK("a & {|  |}" == toStringFull(reductionof(intersectionTy)));
 
         *asMutable(ty1) = BoundType{ty2};
-        CHECK("{|  |}" == toString(reductionof(intersectionTy)));
+        CHECK("{|  |}" == toStringFull(reductionof(intersectionTy)));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("we_can_see_that_the_cache_works_if_we_mutate_a_normally_not_mutated_type")
@@ -168,13 +171,42 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ReductionFixture, "caching")
 
         TypeId intersectionTy = arena.addType(IntersectionType{{ty1, ty2}});
 
-        ToStringOptions opts;
-        opts.exhaustive = true;
-
-        CHECK("never" == toString(reductionof(intersectionTy))); // Bound<string> & number ~ never
+        CHECK("never" == toStringFull(reductionof(intersectionTy))); // Bound<string> & number ~ never
 
         *asMutable(ty1) = BoundType{ty2};
-        CHECK("never" == toString(reductionof(intersectionTy))); // Bound<number> & number ~ number, but the cache is `never`.
+        CHECK("never" == toStringFull(reductionof(intersectionTy))); // Bound<number> & number ~ number, but the cache is `never`.
+    }
+
+    SUBCASE("ptr_eq_irreducible_unions")
+    {
+        TypeId unionTy = arena.addType(UnionType{{builtinTypes->stringType, builtinTypes->numberType}});
+        TypeId reducedTy = reductionof(unionTy);
+        REQUIRE(unionTy == reducedTy);
+    }
+
+    SUBCASE("ptr_eq_irreducible_intersections")
+    {
+        TypeId intersectionTy = arena.addType(IntersectionType{{builtinTypes->stringType, arena.addType(GenericType{"G"})}});
+        TypeId reducedTy = reductionof(intersectionTy);
+        REQUIRE(intersectionTy == reducedTy);
+    }
+
+    SUBCASE("ptr_eq_free_table")
+    {
+        TypeId tableTy = arena.addType(TableType{});
+        getMutable<TableType>(tableTy)->state = TableState::Free;
+
+        TypeId reducedTy = reductionof(tableTy);
+        REQUIRE(tableTy == reducedTy);
+    }
+
+    SUBCASE("ptr_eq_unsealed_table")
+    {
+        TypeId tableTy = arena.addType(TableType{});
+        getMutable<TableType>(tableTy)->state = TableState::Unsealed;
+
+        TypeId reducedTy = reductionof(tableTy);
+        REQUIRE(tableTy == reducedTy);
     }
 } // caching
 
@@ -183,169 +215,169 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ReductionFixture, "intersections_without_negations")
     SUBCASE("string_and_string")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("string & string");
-        CHECK("string" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("string" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("never_and_string")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("never & string");
-        CHECK("never" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("never" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_and_never")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("string & never");
-        CHECK("never" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("never" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("unknown_and_string")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("unknown & string");
-        CHECK("string" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("string" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_and_unknown")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("string & unknown");
-        CHECK("string" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("string" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("any_and_string")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("any & string");
-        CHECK("string" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("string" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_and_any")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("string & any");
-        CHECK("string" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("string" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_or_number_and_string")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("(string | number) & string");
-        CHECK("string" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("string" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_and_string_or_number")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("string & (string | number)");
-        CHECK("string" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("string" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_and_a")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof(R"(string & "a")");
-        CHECK(R"("a")" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK(R"("a")" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("boolean_and_true")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("boolean & true");
-        CHECK("true" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("true" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("boolean_and_a")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof(R"(boolean & "a")");
-        CHECK("never" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("never" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("a_and_a")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof(R"("a" & "a")");
-        CHECK(R"("a")" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK(R"("a")" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("a_and_b")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof(R"("a" & "b")");
-        CHECK("never" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("never" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("a_and_true")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof(R"("a" & true)");
-        CHECK("never" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("never" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("a_and_true")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof(R"(true & false)");
-        CHECK("never" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("never" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("function_type_and_function")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("() -> () & fun");
-        CHECK("() -> ()" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("() -> ()" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("function_type_and_string")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("() -> () & string");
-        CHECK("never" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("never" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("parent_and_child")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Parent & Child");
-        CHECK("Child" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("Child" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("child_and_parent")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Child & Parent");
-        CHECK("Child" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("Child" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("child_and_unrelated")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Child & Unrelated");
-        CHECK("never" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("never" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_and_table")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("string & {}");
-        CHECK("never" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("never" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_and_child")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("string & Child");
-        CHECK("never" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("never" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_and_function")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("string & () -> ()");
-        CHECK("never" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("never" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("function_and_table")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("() -> () & {}");
-        CHECK("never" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("never" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("function_and_class")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("() -> () & Child");
-        CHECK("never" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("never" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("function_and_function")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("() -> () & () -> ()");
-        CHECK("(() -> ()) & (() -> ())" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("(() -> ()) & (() -> ())" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("table_and_table")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("{} & {}");
-        CHECK("{|  |}" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("{|  |}" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("table_and_metatable")
@@ -357,125 +389,137 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ReductionFixture, "intersections_without_negations")
         )");
 
         TypeId ty = reductionof(fixture.requireTypeAlias("Ty"));
-        CHECK("{ @metatable {  }, {  } } & {|  |}" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("{ @metatable {  }, {  } } & {|  |}" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("a_and_string")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof(R"("a" & string)");
-        CHECK(R"("a")" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK(R"("a")" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("reducible_function_and_function")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("((string | string) -> (number | number)) & fun");
-        CHECK("(string) -> number" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("(string) -> number" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_and_error")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("string & err");
-        CHECK("*error-type* & string" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("*error-type* & string" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("table_p_string_and_table_p_number")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("{ p: string } & { p: number }");
-        CHECK("never" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("never" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("table_p_string_and_table_p_string")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("{ p: string } & { p: string }");
-        CHECK("{| p: string |}" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("{| p: string |}" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("table_x_table_p_string_and_table_x_table_p_number")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("{ x: { p: string } } & { x: { p: number } }");
-        CHECK("never" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("never" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("table_p_and_table_q")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("{ p: string } & { q: number }");
-        CHECK("{| p: string, q: number |}" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("{| p: string, q: number |}" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("table_tag_a_or_table_tag_b_and_table_b")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("({ tag: string, a: number } | { tag: number, b: string }) & { b: string }");
-        CHECK("{| a: number, b: string, tag: string |} | {| b: string, tag: number |}" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("{| a: number, b: string, tag: string |} | {| b: string, tag: number |}" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("table_string_number_indexer_and_table_string_number_indexer")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("{ [string]: number } & { [string]: number }");
-        CHECK("{| [string]: number |}" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("{| [string]: number |}" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("table_string_number_indexer_and_empty_table")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("{ [string]: number } & {}");
-        CHECK("{| [string]: number |}" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("{| [string]: number |}" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("empty_table_table_string_number_indexer")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("{} & { [string]: number }");
-        CHECK("{| [string]: number |}" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("{| [string]: number |}" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_number_indexer_and_number_number_indexer")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("{ [string]: number } & { [number]: number }");
-        CHECK("never" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("{number} & {| [string]: number |}" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("table_p_string_and_indexer_number_number")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("{ p: string } & { [number]: number }");
-        CHECK("{| [number]: number, p: string |}" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("{| [number]: number, p: string |}" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("table_p_string_and_indexer_string_number")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("{ p: string } & { [string]: number }");
-        CHECK("{| [string]: number, p: string |}" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("{| [string]: number, p: string |}" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("table_p_string_and_table_p_string_plus_indexer_string_number")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("{ p: string } & { p: string, [string]: number }");
-        CHECK("{| [string]: number, p: string |}" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("{| [string]: number, p: string |}" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("fresh_type_and_string")
     {
         TypeId freshTy = arena.freshType(nullptr);
         TypeId ty = reductionof(arena.addType(IntersectionType{{freshTy, builtinTypes->stringType}}));
-        CHECK("a & string" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("a & string" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_and_fresh_type")
     {
         TypeId freshTy = arena.freshType(nullptr);
         TypeId ty = reductionof(arena.addType(IntersectionType{{builtinTypes->stringType, freshTy}}));
-        CHECK("a & string" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("a & string" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("generic_and_string")
     {
         TypeId genericTy = arena.addType(GenericType{"G"});
         TypeId ty = reductionof(arena.addType(IntersectionType{{genericTy, builtinTypes->stringType}}));
-        CHECK("G & string" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("G & string" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_and_generic")
     {
         TypeId genericTy = arena.addType(GenericType{"G"});
         TypeId ty = reductionof(arena.addType(IntersectionType{{builtinTypes->stringType, genericTy}}));
-        CHECK("G & string" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("G & string" == toStringFull(ty));
+    }
+
+    SUBCASE("parent_and_child_or_parent_and_anotherchild_or_parent_and_unrelated")
+    {
+        TypeId ty = reductionof("Parent & (Child | AnotherChild | Unrelated)");
+        CHECK("AnotherChild | Child" == toString(ty));
+    }
+
+    SUBCASE("parent_and_child_or_parent_and_anotherchild_or_parent_and_unrelated_2")
+    {
+        TypeId ty = reductionof("(Parent & Child) | (Parent & AnotherChild) | (Parent & Unrelated)");
+        CHECK("AnotherChild | Child" == toString(ty));
     }
 } // intersections_without_negations
 
@@ -484,163 +528,163 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ReductionFixture, "intersections_with_negations")
     SUBCASE("nil_and_not_nil")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("nil & Not<nil>");
-        CHECK("never" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("never" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("nil_and_not_false")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("nil & Not<false>");
-        CHECK("nil" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("nil" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_or_nil_and_not_nil")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("(string?) & Not<nil>");
-        CHECK("string" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("string" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_or_nil_and_not_false_or_nil")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("(string?) & Not<false | nil>");
-        CHECK("string" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("string" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_or_nil_and_not_false_and_not_nil")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("(string?) & Not<false> & Not<nil>");
-        CHECK("string" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("string" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("not_false_and_bool")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Not<false> & boolean");
-        CHECK("true" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("true" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("function_type_and_not_function")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("() -> () & Not<fun>");
-        CHECK("never" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("never" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("function_type_and_not_string")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("() -> () & Not<string>");
-        CHECK("() -> ()" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("() -> ()" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("not_a_and_string_or_nil")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof(R"(Not<"a"> & (string | nil))");
-        CHECK(R"((string & ~"a")?)" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK(R"((string & ~"a")?)" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("not_a_and_a")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof(R"(Not<"a"> & "a")");
-        CHECK("never" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("never" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("not_a_and_b")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof(R"(Not<"a"> & "b")");
-        CHECK(R"("b")" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK(R"("b")" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("not_string_and_a")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof(R"(Not<string> & "a")");
-        CHECK("never" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("never" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("not_bool_and_true")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Not<boolean> & true");
-        CHECK("never" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("never" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("not_string_and_true")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Not<string> & true");
-        CHECK("true" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("true" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("parent_and_not_child")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Parent & Not<Child>");
-        CHECK("Parent & ~Child" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("Parent & ~Child" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("not_child_and_parent")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Not<Child> & Parent");
-        CHECK("Parent & ~Child" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("Parent & ~Child" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("child_and_not_parent")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Child & Not<Parent>");
-        CHECK("never" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("never" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("not_parent_and_child")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Not<Parent> & Child");
-        CHECK("never" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("never" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("not_parent_and_unrelated")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Not<Parent> & Unrelated");
-        CHECK("Unrelated" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("Unrelated" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("unrelated_and_not_parent")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Unrelated & Not<Parent>");
-        CHECK("Unrelated" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("Unrelated" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("not_unrelated_and_parent")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Not<Unrelated> & Parent");
-        CHECK("Parent" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("Parent" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("parent_and_not_unrelated")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Parent & Not<Unrelated>");
-        CHECK("Parent" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("Parent" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("reducible_function_and_not_function")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("((string | string) -> (number | number)) & Not<fun>");
-        CHECK("never" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("never" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_and_not_error")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("string & Not<err>");
-        CHECK("string & ~*error-type*" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("string & ~*error-type*" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("table_p_string_and_table_p_not_number")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("{ p: string } & { p: Not<number> }");
-        CHECK("{| p: string |}" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("{| p: string |}" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("table_p_string_and_table_p_not_string")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("{ p: string } & { p: Not<string> }");
-        CHECK("never" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("never" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("table_x_table_p_string_and_table_x_table_p_not_number")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("{ x: { p: string } } & { x: { p: Not<number> } }");
-        CHECK("{| x: {| p: string |} |}" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("{| x: {| p: string |} |}" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 } // intersections_with_negations
 
@@ -649,223 +693,223 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ReductionFixture, "unions_without_negations")
     SUBCASE("never_or_string")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("never | string");
-        CHECK("string" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("string" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_or_never")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("string | never");
-        CHECK("string" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("string" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("unknown_or_string")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("unknown | string");
-        CHECK("unknown" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("unknown" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_or_unknown")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("string | unknown");
-        CHECK("unknown" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("unknown" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("any_or_string")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("any | string");
-        CHECK("any" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("any" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_or_any")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("string | any");
-        CHECK("any" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("any" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_or_string_and_number")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("string | (string & number)");
-        CHECK("string" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("string" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_or_string")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("string | string");
-        CHECK("string" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("string" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_or_number")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("string | number");
-        CHECK("number | string" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("number | string" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("number_or_string")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("number | string");
-        CHECK("number | string" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("number | string" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_or_number_or_string")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("(string | number) | string");
-        CHECK("number | string" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("number | string" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_or_number_or_string_2")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("string | (number | string)");
-        CHECK("number | string" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("number | string" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_or_string_or_number")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("string | (string | number)");
-        CHECK("number | string" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("number | string" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_or_string_or_number_or_boolean")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("string | (string | number | boolean)");
-        CHECK("boolean | number | string" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("boolean | number | string" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_or_string_or_boolean_or_number")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("string | (string | boolean | number)");
-        CHECK("boolean | number | string" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("boolean | number | string" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_or_boolean_or_string_or_number")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("string | (boolean | string | number)");
-        CHECK("boolean | number | string" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("boolean | number | string" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("boolean_or_string_or_number_or_string")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("(boolean | string | number) | string");
-        CHECK("boolean | number | string" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("boolean | number | string" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("boolean_or_true")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("boolean | true");
-        CHECK("boolean" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("boolean" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("boolean_or_false")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("boolean | false");
-        CHECK("boolean" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("boolean" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("boolean_or_true_or_false")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("boolean | true | false");
-        CHECK("boolean" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("boolean" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_or_a")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof(R"(string | "a")");
-        CHECK("string" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("string" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("a_or_a")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof(R"("a" | "a")");
-        CHECK(R"("a")" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK(R"("a")" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("a_or_b")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof(R"("a" | "b")");
-        CHECK(R"("a" | "b")" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK(R"("a" | "b")" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("a_or_b_or_string")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof(R"("a" | "b" | string)");
-        CHECK("string" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("string" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("unknown_or_any")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("unknown | any");
-        CHECK("unknown" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("unknown" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("any_or_unknown")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("any | unknown");
-        CHECK("unknown" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("unknown" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("function_type_or_function")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("() -> () | fun");
-        CHECK("function" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("function" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("function_or_string")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("fun | string");
-        CHECK("function | string" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("function | string" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("parent_or_child")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Parent | Child");
-        CHECK("Parent" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("Parent" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("child_or_parent")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Child | Parent");
-        CHECK("Parent" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("Parent" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("parent_or_unrelated")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Parent | Unrelated");
-        CHECK("Parent | Unrelated" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("Parent | Unrelated" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("parent_or_child_or_unrelated")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Parent | Child | Unrelated");
-        CHECK("Parent | Unrelated" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("Parent | Unrelated" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("parent_or_unrelated_or_child")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Parent | Unrelated | Child");
-        CHECK("Parent | Unrelated" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("Parent | Unrelated" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("parent_or_child_or_unrelated_or_child")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Parent | Child | Unrelated | Child");
-        CHECK("Parent | Unrelated" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("Parent | Unrelated" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_or_true")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("string | true");
-        CHECK("string | true" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("string | true" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_or_function")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("string | () -> ()");
-        CHECK("(() -> ()) | string" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("(() -> ()) | string" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_or_err")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("string | err");
-        CHECK("*error-type* | string" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("*error-type* | string" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 } // unions_without_negations
 
@@ -874,211 +918,211 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ReductionFixture, "unions_with_negations")
     SUBCASE("string_or_not_string")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("string | Not<string>");
-        CHECK("unknown" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("unknown" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("not_string_or_string")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Not<string> | string");
-        CHECK("unknown" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("unknown" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("not_number_or_string")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Not<number> | string");
-        CHECK("~number" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("~number" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_or_not_number")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("string | Not<number>");
-        CHECK("~number" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("~number" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("not_hi_or_string_and_not_hi")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof(R"(Not<"hi"> | (string & Not<"hi">))");
-        CHECK(R"(~"hi")" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK(R"(~"hi")" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_and_not_hi_or_not_hi")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof(R"((string & Not<"hi">) | Not<"hi">)");
-        CHECK(R"(~"hi")" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK(R"(~"hi")" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_or_not_never")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("string | Not<never>");
-        CHECK("unknown" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("unknown" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("not_a_or_not_a")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof(R"(Not<"a"> | Not<"a">)");
-        CHECK(R"(~"a")" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK(R"(~"a")" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("not_a_or_a")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof(R"(Not<"a"> | "a")");
-        CHECK("unknown" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("unknown" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("a_or_not_a")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof(R"("a" | Not<"a">)");
-        CHECK("unknown" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("unknown" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("not_a_or_string")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof(R"(Not<"a"> | string)");
-        CHECK("unknown" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("unknown" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_or_not_a")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof(R"(string | Not<"a">)");
-        CHECK("unknown" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("unknown" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("not_string_or_a")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof(R"(Not<string> | "a")");
-        CHECK(R"("a" | ~string)" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK(R"("a" | ~string)" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("a_or_not_string")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof(R"("a" | Not<string>)");
-        CHECK(R"("a" | ~string)" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK(R"("a" | ~string)" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("not_number_or_a")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof(R"(Not<number> | "a")");
-        CHECK("~number" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("~number" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("a_or_not_number")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof(R"("a" | Not<number>)");
-        CHECK("~number" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("~number" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("not_a_or_not_b")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof(R"(Not<"a"> | Not<"b">)");
-        CHECK("unknown" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("unknown" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("boolean_or_not_false")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("boolean | Not<false>");
-        CHECK("unknown" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("unknown" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("boolean_or_not_true")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("boolean | Not<true>");
-        CHECK("unknown" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("unknown" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("false_or_not_false")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("false | Not<false>");
-        CHECK("unknown" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("unknown" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("true_or_not_false")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("true | Not<false>");
-        CHECK("~false" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("~false" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("not_boolean_or_true")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Not<boolean> | true");
-        CHECK("~false" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("~false" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("not_false_or_not_boolean")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Not<false> | Not<boolean>");
-        CHECK("~false" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("~false" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("function_type_or_not_function")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("() -> () | Not<fun>");
-        CHECK("(() -> ()) | ~function" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("(() -> ()) | ~function" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("not_parent_or_child")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Not<Parent> | Child");
-        CHECK("Child | ~Parent" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("Child | ~Parent" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("child_or_not_parent")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Child | Not<Parent>");
-        CHECK("Child | ~Parent" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("Child | ~Parent" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("parent_or_not_child")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Parent | Not<Child>");
-        CHECK("unknown" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("unknown" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("not_child_or_parent")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Not<Child> | Parent");
-        CHECK("unknown" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("unknown" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("parent_or_not_unrelated")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Parent | Not<Unrelated>");
-        CHECK("~Unrelated" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("~Unrelated" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("not_string_or_string_and_not_a")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof(R"(Not<string> | (string & Not<"a">))");
-        CHECK(R"(~"a")" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK(R"(~"a")" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("not_string_or_not_string")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Not<string> | Not<string>");
-        CHECK("~string" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("~string" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("not_string_or_not_number")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Not<string> | Not<number>");
-        CHECK("unknown" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("unknown" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("not_a_or_not_boolean")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof(R"(Not<"a"> | Not<boolean>)");
-        CHECK("unknown" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("unknown" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("not_a_or_boolean")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof(R"(Not<"a"> | boolean)");
-        CHECK(R"(~"a")" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK(R"(~"a")" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_or_err")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("string | Not<err>");
-        CHECK("string | ~*error-type*" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("string | ~*error-type*" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 } // unions_with_negations
 
@@ -1086,20 +1130,14 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ReductionFixture, "tables")
 {
     SUBCASE("reduce_props")
     {
-        ToStringOptions opts;
-        opts.exhaustive = true;
-
         TypeId ty = reductionof("{ x: string | string, y: number | number }");
-        CHECK("{| x: string, y: number |}" == toString(ty, opts));
+        CHECK("{| x: string, y: number |}" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("reduce_indexers")
     {
-        ToStringOptions opts;
-        opts.exhaustive = true;
-
         TypeId ty = reductionof("{ [string | string]: number | number }");
-        CHECK("{| [string]: number |}" == toString(ty, opts));
+        CHECK("{| [string]: number |}" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("reduce_instantiated_type_parameters")
@@ -1126,11 +1164,8 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ReductionFixture, "tables")
 
     SUBCASE("reduce_tables_within_tables")
     {
-        ToStringOptions opts;
-        opts.exhaustive = true;
-
         TypeId ty = reductionof("{ x: { y: string & number } }");
-        CHECK("{| x: {| y: never |} |}" == toString(ty, opts));
+        CHECK("never" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 }
 
@@ -1139,21 +1174,23 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ReductionFixture, "metatables")
     SUBCASE("reduce_table_part")
     {
         TableType table;
+        table.state = TableState::Sealed;
         table.props["x"] = {arena.addType(UnionType{{builtinTypes->stringType, builtinTypes->stringType}})};
         TypeId tableTy = arena.addType(std::move(table));
 
         TypeId ty = reductionof(arena.addType(MetatableType{tableTy, arena.addType(TableType{})}));
-        CHECK("{ @metatable {  }, { x: string } }" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("{ @metatable {  }, {| x: string |} }" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("reduce_metatable_part")
     {
         TableType table;
+        table.state = TableState::Sealed;
         table.props["x"] = {arena.addType(UnionType{{builtinTypes->stringType, builtinTypes->stringType}})};
         TypeId tableTy = arena.addType(std::move(table));
 
         TypeId ty = reductionof(arena.addType(MetatableType{arena.addType(TableType{}), tableTy}));
-        CHECK("{ @metatable { x: string }, {  } }" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("{ @metatable {| x: string |}, {  } }" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 }
 
@@ -1162,37 +1199,37 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ReductionFixture, "functions")
     SUBCASE("reduce_parameters")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("(string | string) -> ()");
-        CHECK("(string) -> ()" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("(string) -> ()" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("reduce_returns")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("() -> (string | string)");
-        CHECK("() -> string" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("() -> string" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("reduce_parameters_and_returns")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("(string | string) -> (number | number)");
-        CHECK("(string) -> number" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("(string) -> number" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("reduce_tail")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("() -> ...(string | string)");
-        CHECK("() -> (...string)" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("() -> (...string)" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("reduce_head_and_tail")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("() -> (string | string, number | number, ...(boolean | boolean))");
-        CHECK("() -> (string, number, ...boolean)" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("() -> (string, number, ...boolean)" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("reduce_overloaded_functions")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("((number | number) -> ()) & ((string | string) -> ())");
-        CHECK("((number) -> ()) & ((string) -> ())" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("((number) -> ()) & ((string) -> ())" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 } // functions
 
@@ -1201,49 +1238,49 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ReductionFixture, "negations")
     SUBCASE("not_unknown")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Not<unknown>");
-        CHECK("never" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("never" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("not_never")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Not<never>");
-        CHECK("unknown" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("unknown" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("not_any")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Not<any>");
-        CHECK("any" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("any" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("not_not_reduction")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Not<Not<never>>");
-        CHECK("never" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("never" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("not_string")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Not<string>");
-        CHECK("~string" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("~string" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("not_string_or_number")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Not<string | number>");
-        CHECK("~number & ~string" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("~number & ~string" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("not_string_and_number")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Not<string & number>");
-        CHECK("unknown" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("unknown" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("not_error")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("Not<err>");
-        CHECK("~*error-type*" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("~*error-type*" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 } // negations
 
@@ -1252,37 +1289,37 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ReductionFixture, "discriminable_unions")
     SUBCASE("cat_or_dog_and_dog")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof(R"(({ tag: "cat", catfood: string } | { tag: "dog", dogfood: string }) & { tag: "dog" })");
-        CHECK(R"({| dogfood: string, tag: "dog" |})" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK(R"({| dogfood: string, tag: "dog" |})" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("cat_or_dog_and_not_dog")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof(R"(({ tag: "cat", catfood: string } | { tag: "dog", dogfood: string }) & { tag: Not<"dog"> })");
-        CHECK(R"({| catfood: string, tag: "cat" |})" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK(R"({| catfood: string, tag: "cat" |})" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_or_number_and_number")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("({ tag: string, a: number } | { tag: number, b: string }) & { tag: string }");
-        CHECK("{| a: number, tag: string |}" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("{| a: number, tag: string |}" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("string_or_number_and_number")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("({ tag: string, a: number } | { tag: number, b: string }) & { tag: number }");
-        CHECK("{| b: string, tag: number |}" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("{| b: string, tag: number |}" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("child_or_unrelated_and_parent")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("({ tag: Child, x: number } | { tag: Unrelated, y: string }) & { tag: Parent }");
-        CHECK("{| tag: Child, x: number |}" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("{| tag: Child, x: number |}" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("child_or_unrelated_and_not_parent")
     {
         TypeId ty = reductionof("({ tag: Child, x: number } | { tag: Unrelated, y: string }) & { tag: Not<Parent> }");
-        CHECK("{| tag: Unrelated, y: string |}" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("{| tag: Unrelated, y: string |}" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 }
 
@@ -1293,7 +1330,7 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ReductionFixture, "cycles")
         check("type F = (f: F) -> ()");
 
         TypeId ty = reductionof(requireTypeAlias("F"));
-        CHECK("(t1) -> () where t1 = (t1) -> ()" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("t1 where t1 = (t1) -> ()" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("recursively_defined_function_and_function")
@@ -1301,52 +1338,39 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ReductionFixture, "cycles")
         check("type F = (f: F & fun) -> ()");
 
         TypeId ty = reductionof(requireTypeAlias("F"));
-        CHECK("(t1) -> () where t1 = (function & t1) -> ()" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("t1 where t1 = (function & t1) -> ()" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("recursively_defined_table")
     {
-        ToStringOptions opts;
-        opts.exhaustive = true;
-
         check("type T = { x: T }");
 
         TypeId ty = reductionof(requireTypeAlias("T"));
-        CHECK("{| x: t1 |} where t1 = {| x: t1 |}" == toString(ty, opts));
+        CHECK("t1 where t1 = {| x: t1 |}" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("recursively_defined_table_and_table")
     {
-        ToStringOptions opts;
-        opts.exhaustive = true;
-
         check("type T = { x: T & {} }");
 
         TypeId ty = reductionof(requireTypeAlias("T"));
-        CHECK("{| x: t1 & {|  |} |} where t1 = {| x: t1 & {|  |} |}" == toString(ty, opts));
+        CHECK("t1 where t1 = {| x: t1 & {|  |} |}" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("recursively_defined_table_and_table_2")
     {
-        ToStringOptions opts;
-        opts.exhaustive = true;
-
         check("type T = { x: T } & { x: number }");
 
         TypeId ty = reductionof(requireTypeAlias("T"));
-        CHECK("never" == toString(ty));
+        CHECK("t1 where t1 = {| x: number |} & {| x: t1 |}" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 
     SUBCASE("recursively_defined_table_and_table_3")
     {
-        ToStringOptions opts;
-        opts.exhaustive = true;
-
         check("type T = { x: T } & { x: T }");
 
         TypeId ty = reductionof(requireTypeAlias("T"));
-        CHECK("{| x: {| x: t1 |} & {| x: t1 |} & {| x: t2 & t2 & {| x: t1 |} & {| x: t1 |} |} |} where t1 = t2 & {| x: t1 |} ; t2 = {| x: t1 |}" ==
-              toString(ty));
+        CHECK("t1 where t1 = {| x: t1 |} & {| x: t1 |}" == toStringFull(ty));
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/tests/conformance/basic.lua b/tests/conformance/basic.lua
index 7a05f8e9..e23c1a53 100644
--- a/tests/conformance/basic.lua
+++ b/tests/conformance/basic.lua
@@ -923,6 +923,21 @@ assert((function()
     return table.concat(res, ',')
 end)() == "6,8,10")
 
+-- checking for a CFG issue that was missed in IR
+assert((function(b)
+    local res = 0
+
+    if b then
+        for i = 1, 100 do
+            res += i
+        end
+    else
+        res += 100000
+    end
+
+    return res
+end)(true) == 5050)
+
 -- typeof and type require an argument
 assert(pcall(typeof) == false)
 assert(pcall(type) == false)
diff --git a/tools/faillist.txt b/tools/faillist.txt
index 3fcd4200..2ea178da 100644
--- a/tools/faillist.txt
+++ b/tools/faillist.txt
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ AutocompleteTest.type_correct_suggestion_in_argument
 AutocompleteTest.type_correct_suggestion_in_table
 BuiltinTests.aliased_string_format
 BuiltinTests.assert_removes_falsy_types
-BuiltinTests.assert_removes_falsy_types2
 BuiltinTests.assert_removes_falsy_types_even_from_type_pack_tail_but_only_for_the_first_type
 BuiltinTests.assert_returns_false_and_string_iff_it_knows_the_first_argument_cannot_be_truthy
 BuiltinTests.bad_select_should_not_crash
@@ -53,9 +52,6 @@ BuiltinTests.dont_add_definitions_to_persistent_types
 BuiltinTests.find_capture_types
 BuiltinTests.find_capture_types2
 BuiltinTests.find_capture_types3
-BuiltinTests.gmatch_capture_types_balanced_escaped_parens
-BuiltinTests.gmatch_capture_types_default_capture
-BuiltinTests.gmatch_capture_types_parens_in_sets_are_ignored
 BuiltinTests.gmatch_definition
 BuiltinTests.ipairs_iterator_should_infer_types_and_type_check
 BuiltinTests.match_capture_types
@@ -80,7 +76,6 @@ BuiltinTests.table_insert_correctly_infers_type_of_array_3_args_overload
 BuiltinTests.table_pack
 BuiltinTests.table_pack_reduce
 BuiltinTests.table_pack_variadic
-BuiltinTests.tonumber_returns_optional_number_type
 DefinitionTests.class_definition_overload_metamethods
 DefinitionTests.class_definition_string_props
 DefinitionTests.declaring_generic_functions
@@ -103,7 +98,6 @@ GenericsTests.duplicate_generic_type_packs
 GenericsTests.duplicate_generic_types
 GenericsTests.generic_argument_count_too_few
 GenericsTests.generic_argument_count_too_many
-GenericsTests.generic_factories
 GenericsTests.generic_functions_should_be_memory_safe
 GenericsTests.generic_table_method
 GenericsTests.generic_type_pack_parentheses
@@ -140,7 +134,6 @@ NonstrictModeTests.parameters_having_type_any_are_optional
 NonstrictModeTests.table_dot_insert_and_recursive_calls
 NonstrictModeTests.table_props_are_any
 Normalize.cyclic_table_normalizes_sensibly
-Normalize.negations_of_classes
 ParseErrorRecovery.generic_type_list_recovery
 ParseErrorRecovery.recovery_of_parenthesized_expressions
 ParserTests.parse_nesting_based_end_detection_failsafe_earlier
@@ -160,16 +153,13 @@ ProvisionalTests.specialization_binds_with_prototypes_too_early
 ProvisionalTests.table_insert_with_a_singleton_argument
 ProvisionalTests.typeguard_inference_incomplete
 ProvisionalTests.weirditer_should_not_loop_forever
-ProvisionalTests.while_body_are_also_refined
 RefinementTest.apply_refinements_on_astexprindexexpr_whose_subscript_expr_is_constant_string
 RefinementTest.call_an_incompatible_function_after_using_typeguard
 RefinementTest.correctly_lookup_property_whose_base_was_previously_refined2
 RefinementTest.discriminate_on_properties_of_disjoint_tables_where_that_property_is_true_or_false
 RefinementTest.discriminate_tag
-RefinementTest.eliminate_subclasses_of_instance
 RefinementTest.else_with_no_explicit_expression_should_also_refine_the_tagged_union
 RefinementTest.falsiness_of_TruthyPredicate_narrows_into_nil
-RefinementTest.narrow_from_subclasses_of_instance_or_string_or_vector3
 RefinementTest.narrow_property_of_a_bounded_variable
 RefinementTest.nonoptional_type_can_narrow_to_nil_if_sense_is_true
 RefinementTest.refine_a_property_not_to_be_nil_through_an_intersection_table
@@ -179,7 +169,6 @@ RefinementTest.type_guard_narrowed_into_nothingness
 RefinementTest.type_narrow_for_all_the_userdata
 RefinementTest.type_narrow_to_vector
 RefinementTest.typeguard_cast_free_table_to_vector
-RefinementTest.typeguard_cast_instance_or_vector3_to_vector
 RefinementTest.typeguard_in_assert_position
 RefinementTest.typeguard_narrows_for_table
 RefinementTest.x_as_any_if_x_is_instance_elseif_x_is_table
@@ -192,8 +181,6 @@ TableTests.accidentally_checked_prop_in_opposite_branch
 TableTests.builtin_table_names
 TableTests.call_method
 TableTests.call_method_with_explicit_self_argument
-TableTests.cannot_augment_sealed_table
-TableTests.casting_sealed_tables_with_props_into_table_with_indexer
 TableTests.casting_tables_with_props_into_table_with_indexer3
 TableTests.casting_tables_with_props_into_table_with_indexer4
 TableTests.checked_prop_too_early
@@ -218,12 +205,10 @@ TableTests.function_calls_produces_sealed_table_given_unsealed_table
 TableTests.generic_table_instantiation_potential_regression
 TableTests.getmetatable_returns_pointer_to_metatable
 TableTests.give_up_after_one_metatable_index_look_up
-TableTests.hide_table_error_properties
 TableTests.indexer_on_sealed_table_must_unify_with_free_table
 TableTests.indexing_from_a_table_should_prefer_properties_when_possible
 TableTests.inequality_operators_imply_exactly_matching_types
 TableTests.infer_array_2
-TableTests.infer_indexer_from_value_property_in_literal
 TableTests.inferred_return_type_of_free_table
 TableTests.inferring_crazy_table_should_also_be_quick
 TableTests.instantiate_table_cloning_3
@@ -243,7 +228,6 @@ TableTests.only_ascribe_synthetic_names_at_module_scope
 TableTests.oop_indexer_works
 TableTests.oop_polymorphic
 TableTests.open_table_unification_2
-TableTests.persistent_sealed_table_is_immutable
 TableTests.property_lookup_through_tabletypevar_metatable
 TableTests.quantify_even_that_table_was_never_exported_at_all
 TableTests.quantify_metatables_of_metatables_of_table
@@ -252,7 +236,6 @@ TableTests.reasonable_error_when_adding_a_nonexistent_property_to_an_array_like_
 TableTests.result_is_always_any_if_lhs_is_any
 TableTests.result_is_bool_for_equality_operators_if_lhs_is_any
 TableTests.right_table_missing_key2
-TableTests.scalar_is_not_a_subtype_of_a_compatible_polymorphic_shape_type
 TableTests.shared_selfs
 TableTests.shared_selfs_from_free_param
 TableTests.shared_selfs_through_metatables
@@ -261,7 +244,6 @@ TableTests.table_function_check_use_after_free
 TableTests.table_indexing_error_location
 TableTests.table_insert_should_cope_with_optional_properties_in_nonstrict
 TableTests.table_insert_should_cope_with_optional_properties_in_strict
-TableTests.table_param_row_polymorphism_2
 TableTests.table_param_row_polymorphism_3
 TableTests.table_simple_call
 TableTests.table_subtyping_with_extra_props_dont_report_multiple_errors
@@ -276,12 +258,10 @@ TableTests.used_colon_correctly
 TableTests.used_colon_instead_of_dot
 TableTests.used_dot_instead_of_colon
 TableTests.used_dot_instead_of_colon_but_correctly
-ToDot.bound_table
-ToDot.function
-ToDot.table
 ToString.exhaustive_toString_of_cyclic_table
 ToString.function_type_with_argument_names_and_self
 ToString.function_type_with_argument_names_generic
+ToString.named_metatable_toStringNamedFunction
 ToString.toStringDetailed2
 ToString.toStringErrorPack
 ToString.toStringNamedFunction_generic_pack
@@ -297,10 +277,12 @@ TryUnifyTests.result_of_failed_typepack_unification_is_constrained
 TryUnifyTests.typepack_unification_should_trim_free_tails
 TryUnifyTests.variadics_should_use_reversed_properly
 TypeAliases.cannot_create_cyclic_type_with_unknown_module
+TypeAliases.corecursive_types_generic
 TypeAliases.forward_declared_alias_is_not_clobbered_by_prior_unification_with_any
 TypeAliases.forward_declared_alias_is_not_clobbered_by_prior_unification_with_any_2
 TypeAliases.generic_param_remap
 TypeAliases.mismatched_generic_type_param
+TypeAliases.mutually_recursive_types_errors
 TypeAliases.mutually_recursive_types_restriction_not_ok_1
 TypeAliases.mutually_recursive_types_restriction_not_ok_2
 TypeAliases.mutually_recursive_types_swapsies_not_ok
@@ -308,8 +290,6 @@ TypeAliases.recursive_types_restriction_not_ok
 TypeAliases.report_shadowed_aliases
 TypeAliases.stringify_optional_parameterized_alias
 TypeAliases.stringify_type_alias_of_recursive_template_table_type
-TypeAliases.stringify_type_alias_of_recursive_template_table_type2
-TypeAliases.type_alias_fwd_declaration_is_precise
 TypeAliases.type_alias_local_mutation
 TypeAliases.type_alias_local_rename
 TypeAliases.type_alias_of_an_imported_recursive_generic_type
@@ -337,15 +317,12 @@ TypeInferAnyError.metatable_of_any_can_be_a_table
 TypeInferClasses.can_read_prop_of_base_class_using_string
 TypeInferClasses.class_type_mismatch_with_name_conflict
 TypeInferClasses.classes_without_overloaded_operators_cannot_be_added
-TypeInferClasses.detailed_class_unification_error
 TypeInferClasses.higher_order_function_arguments_are_contravariant
 TypeInferClasses.index_instance_property
 TypeInferClasses.optional_class_field_access_error
 TypeInferClasses.table_class_unification_reports_sane_errors_for_missing_properties
 TypeInferClasses.warn_when_prop_almost_matches
-TypeInferClasses.we_can_report_when_someone_is_trying_to_use_a_table_rather_than_a_class
 TypeInferFunctions.calling_function_with_anytypepack_doesnt_leak_free_types
-TypeInferFunctions.calling_function_with_incorrect_argument_type_yields_errors_spanning_argument
 TypeInferFunctions.cannot_hoist_interior_defns_into_signature
 TypeInferFunctions.dont_give_other_overloads_message_if_only_one_argument_matching_overload_exists
 TypeInferFunctions.dont_infer_parameter_types_for_functions_from_their_call_site
@@ -374,9 +351,7 @@ TypeInferFunctions.return_type_by_overload
 TypeInferFunctions.too_few_arguments_variadic
 TypeInferFunctions.too_few_arguments_variadic_generic
 TypeInferFunctions.too_few_arguments_variadic_generic2
-TypeInferFunctions.too_many_arguments
 TypeInferFunctions.too_many_arguments_error_location
-TypeInferFunctions.too_many_return_values
 TypeInferFunctions.too_many_return_values_in_parentheses
 TypeInferFunctions.too_many_return_values_no_function
 TypeInferFunctions.vararg_function_is_quantified
@@ -399,8 +374,6 @@ TypeInferModules.module_type_conflict_instantiated
 TypeInferModules.require_a_variadic_function
 TypeInferModules.type_error_of_unknown_qualified_type
 TypeInferOOP.dont_suggest_using_colon_rather_than_dot_if_another_overload_works
-TypeInferOOP.dont_suggest_using_colon_rather_than_dot_if_it_wont_help_2
-TypeInferOOP.dont_suggest_using_colon_rather_than_dot_if_not_defined_with_colon
 TypeInferOOP.inferring_hundreds_of_self_calls_should_not_suffocate_memory
 TypeInferOOP.method_depends_on_table
 TypeInferOOP.methods_are_topologically_sorted
@@ -461,10 +434,7 @@ TypePackTests.type_pack_type_parameters
 TypePackTests.unify_variadic_tails_in_arguments
 TypePackTests.unify_variadic_tails_in_arguments_free
 TypePackTests.variadic_packs
-TypeReductionTests.discriminable_unions
-TypeReductionTests.intersections_with_negations
 TypeReductionTests.negations
-TypeReductionTests.unions_with_negations
 TypeSingletons.error_detailed_tagged_union_mismatch_bool
 TypeSingletons.error_detailed_tagged_union_mismatch_string
 TypeSingletons.function_call_with_singletons