rusty-luau/rbx/option.luau
Erica Marigold edcef2015f
feat: roblox event polyfills
* RobloxEvent as a wrapper around BindableEvents providing the same API
  type as LuauSignal
* Future.poll now returns a Result instead of a force unwrap
2024-05-25 08:05:35 +05:30

918 lines
20 KiB
Lua
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

local tableEq = require(script.Parent.util).tableEq
--[=[
@class Option
Type [Option] represents an optional value: every [Option] is either [Option:Some]
and contains a value, or [Option:None], and does not. Common uses of an [Option]
may involve:
* Initial values
* Return values for functions that are not defined over their entire input range (partial functions)
* Return value for otherwise reporting simple errors, where None is returned on error
* Optional object fields
* Values that can be loaned or “taken”
* Optional function arguments
```lua
function divide(numerator: number, denominator: number): Option<number>
if denominator == 0 then
None()
else
return Some(numerator / denominator)
end
end
```
]=]
local Option = {}
export type Option<T> = typeof(Option) & {
_optValue: T?,
typeId: "Option"
}
--[=[
@within Option
No value.
]=]
function None<T>(): Option<T>
return Option.new(nil) :: Option<T>
end
--[=[
@within Option
Some value of type `T`.
]=]
function Some<T>(val: T): Option<T>
return Option.new(val) :: Option<T>
end
--[=[
@within Option
Converts a potentially `nil` value into an [Option].
@param val T? -- The value to convert into an [Option]
@return Option<T>
]=]
function Option.new<T>(val: T?)
return setmetatable(
{
_optValue = val,
typeId = "Option",
} :: Option<T>,
{
__index = Option,
__tostring = function<T>(self: Option<T>)
if self._optValue == nil then
return `{self.typeId}::None`
else
return `{self.typeId}::Some({self._optValue})`
end
end,
__eq = function<T>(self: Option<T>, other: Option<T>): boolean
if typeof(self._optValue) == "table" and typeof(other._optValue) == "table" then
return tableEq(self._optValue, other._optValue)
else
return self._optValue == other._optValue
end
end,
__lt = function<T>(self: Option<T>, other: Option<T>): boolean
if self:isSome() and other:isSome() then
return (self._optValue :: any) < (other._optValue :: any)
end
return false
end,
__le = function<T>(self: Option<T>, other: Option<T>): boolean
if self:isSome() and other:isSome() then
return (self._optValue :: any) <= (other._optValue :: any)
end
return false
end,
}
-- TODO: Implement __iter, once iterators traits exist
)
end
--[=[
@within Option
Returns `true` is the [Option] is an [Option:Some] value.
@param self Option<T>
@return boolean
]=]
function Option.isSome<T>(self: Option<T>): boolean
return self._optValue ~= nil
end
--[=[
@within Option
Returns `true` is the [Option] is an [Option:Some] value and the value inside of it
matches a predicate.
@param self Option<T>
@param op (val: T) -> boolean -- The predicate function
@return boolean
]=]
function Option.isSomeAnd<T>(self: Option<T>, op: (val: T) -> boolean): boolean
-- We know that it's not None, so this is fine
return self:isSome() and op(self._optValue :: T)
end
--[=[
@within Option
Returns `true` is the [Option] is an [Option:None] value.
@param self Option<T>
@return boolean
]=]
function Option.isNone<T>(self: Option<T>): boolean
return not self:isSome()
end
--[=[
@within Option
Returns the [Option:Some].
@error panic -- Panics if there is an [Option:None] with a custom panic message provided by `msg`.
```lua
local x: Option<string> = Some("value")
assert(x:expect("fruits are healthy") == "value")
```
```lua
local x: Option<string> = None()
x:expect("fruits are healthy") -- panics with `fruits are healthy`
```
@param self Option<T>
@param msg string -- The panic message
@return boolean
]=]
function Option.expect<T>(self: Option<T>, msg: string): T | never
if self:isSome() then
return self._optValue :: T
end
return error(`panic: {msg}; expected Option to be type Option::Some(T), got Option::None`)
end
--[=[
@within Option
Returns the [Option:Some].
Because this function may panic, its use is generally discouraged. Instead, prefer to use
[Option:unwrapOr], [Option:unwrapOrElse], or [Option:unwrapOrDefault].
@error panic -- Panics if the self value is [Option:None].
@param self Option<T>
@return T | never
]=]
function Option.unwrap<T>(self: Option<T>): T | never
if self:isSome() then
return self._optValue :: T
end
return error("called `Option:unwrap()` on a `None` value")
end
--[=[
@within Option
Returns the contained [Option:Some] value or a provided default.
Arguments passed to unwrap_or are eagerly evaluated; if you are passing the result of
a function call, it is recommended to use [Option:unwrapOrElse], which is lazily
evaluated.
```lua
assert(Some("car"):unwrapOr("bike") == "car")
assert(None():unwrapOr("bike") == "bike")
```
@param self Option<T>
@param default T -- The default value
@return T
]=]
function Option.unwrapOr<T>(self: Option<T>, default: T): T
if self:isSome() then
return self._optValue :: T
end
return default
end
--[=[
@within Option
Returns the contained [Option:Some] value or computes it from a function.
```lua
local k = 10
assert(Some(4).unwrapOrElse(function()
return 2 * k
end) == 4)
assert(None().unwrapOrElse(function()
return 2 * k
end) == 20)
```
@param self Option<T>
@param default () -> T -- The function which computes the default value
@return T
]=]
function Option.unwrapOrElse<T>(self: Option<T>, default: () -> T): T
if self:isSome() then
return self._optValue :: T
end
return default()
end
--[=[
@within Option
Maps an [Option]<T> to [Option]<U> by applying a function to a contained value
(if [Option:Some]) or returns [Option:None](if [Option:None]).
```lua
local maybeSomeString: Option<string> = Some("Hello, World!")
local maybeSomeLen: Option<number> = maybeSomeString:map(function(s)
return #s
end)
assert(maybeSomeLen == 13)
local x: Option<string> = None()
assert(x:map(function(s)
return #s
end) == None())
```
@param self Option<T>
@param op (x: T) -> U? -- The function to apply
@return Option<U>
]=]
function Option.map<T, U>(self: Option<T>, op: (x: T) -> U?): Option<U>
if self:isSome() then
local val = op(self._optValue :: T)
if val == nil then
return None()
end
return Some(val)
end
return None()
end
--[=[
@within Option
Calls the provided closure with the contained value (if [Option:Some]).
```lua
local v = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }
-- prints "got: 4"
local x: Option<number> = Option.new(v[4]):inspect(function(x)
print("got: " .. x)
end)
-- prints nothing
local x: Option<number> = Option.new(v[5]):inspect(function(x)
print("got: " .. x)
end)
```
@param self Option<T>
@param op (x: T) -> () -- The function to call
@return Option<T>
]=]
function Option.inspect<T>(self: Option<T>, op: (x: T) -> ()): Option<T>
if self:isSome() then
op(self._optValue :: T)
end
return self
end
--[=[
@within Option
Returns the provided default result (if none), or applies a function to
the contained value (if any).
Arguments passed to [Option:mapOr] are eagerly evaluated; if you are passing the
result of a function call, it is recommended to use [Option:mapOrElse],
which is lazily evaluated.
```lua
local x: Option<string> = Some("foo")
assert(x.mapOr(42, function(v) return #v end) == 3)
local x: Option<string> = None()
assert(x.mapOr(42, function(v) return #v end) == 42)
```
@param self Option<T>
@param default U -- The default value
@param op (val: T) -> U -- The function to apply
@return Option<T>
]=]
function Option.mapOr<T, U>(self: Option<T>, default: U, op: (val: T) -> U)
if self:isSome() then
return op(self._optValue :: T)
end
return default
end
--[=[
@within Option
Computes a default function result (if none), or applies a different function
to the contained value (if any).
```lua
local k = 21;
local x: Option<string> = Some("foo")
assert(
x:mapOrElse(
function() return 2 * k end,
function(v) return #v end
) == 3
)
local x: Option<string> = None()
assert(
x:mapOrElse(
function() return 2 * k end,
function(v) return #v end
) == 42
)
```
@param self Option<T>
@param default () -> U -- The function to compute the default value
@param op (val: T) -> U -- The function to apply
@return Option<T>
]=]
function Option.mapOrElse<T, U>(self: Option<T>, default: () -> U, op: (val: T) -> U): U
if self:isSome() then
return op(self._optValue :: T)
end
return default()
end
-- TODO: Iterator traits
function Option.iter(): never
return error("Unimplemented: `Option:iter()`")
end
--[=[
@within Option
Returns [Option:None] if the option is [Option:None], otherwise returns `optb`.
Arguments passed to and are eagerly evaluated; if you are passing the result of a
function call, it is recommended to use [Option:andThen], which is lazily evaluated.
```lua
local x: Option<number> = Some(2)
local y: Option<String> = None()
assert(x:and_(y) == None())
local x: Option<number> = None()
local y: Option<string> = Some("foo")
assert(x:and_(y) == None())
local x: Option<number> = Some(2)
local y: Option<string> = Some("foo")
assert(x:and_(y) == Some("foo"))
local x: Option<u32> = None()
local y: Option<string> = None()
assert(x:and_(y), None())
```
@param self Option<T>
@param optb Option<U> -- The other option
@return Option<U>
]=]
function Option.and_<T, U>(self: Option<T>, optb: Option<U>): Option<U>
if self:isSome() then
return optb
end
return None()
end
--[=[
@within Option
Returns [Option:None] if the option is [Option:None], otherwise calls `op` with the wrapped
value and returns the result.
Some languages call this operation flatmap.
```lua
function sqThenToString(x: number): Option<string>
return Option.new(x ^ 2):map(function(sq)
return tostring(sq)
end)
end
assert(Some(2):andThen(sqThenToString) == Some(tostring(4)))
assert(None():andThen(sqThenToString) == None())
```
Often used to chain fallible operations that may return [Option:None].
```lua
local arr2d = { { "A0", "A1" }, { "B0", "B1" } }
local item01: Option<string> = Option.new(arr2d[1]):andThen(function(row)
return row[2]
end)
assert(item01 == Some("A1"))
local item20: Option<string> = Option.new(arr2d[3]):andThen(function(row)
return row[0]
end)
assert(item20 == None())
```
@param self Option<T>
@param op (val: T) -> Option<U> -- The function to call
@return Option<U>
]=]
function Option.andThen<T, U>(self: Option<T>, op: (val: T) -> Option<U>): Option<U>
if self:isSome() then
return op(self._optValue :: T)
end
return None()
end
--[=[
@within Option
Returns [Option:None] if the option is [Option:None], otherwise calls `predicate` with
the wrapped value and returns:
* [Option:Some](t) if predicate returns `true` (where `t` is the wrapped value), and
* [Option:None] if predicate returns `false`.
```lua
function isEven(n: number): boolean
return n % 2 == 0
end
assert(None():filter(isEven) == None())
assert(Some(3):filter(isEven) == None())
assert(Some(4):filter(isEven) == Some(4))
```
@param self Option<T>
@param predicate (val: T) -> boolean -- The predicate function which must match an element
@return Option<T>
]=]
function Option.filter<T>(self: Option<T>, predicate: (val: T) -> boolean): Option<T>
if self:isSome() then
if predicate(self._optValue :: T) then
return self
end
end
return None()
end
--[=[
@within Option
Returns the option if it contains a value, otherwise returns `optb`.
Arguments passed to [Option:or_] are eagerly evaluated; if you are passing the result of
a function call, it is recommended to use [Option:orElse], which is lazily
evaluated.
```lua
local x: Option<number> = Some(2)
local y: Option<number> = None()
assert(x:or_(y) == Some(2))
local x: Option<number> = None()
local y: Option<number> = Some(100)
assert(x:or_(y) == Some(100))
local x: Option<number> = Some(2)
local y: Option<number> = Some(100)
assert(x:or_(y) == Some(2))
local x: Option<number> = None()
local y: Option<number> = None()
assert(x:or_(y), None())
```
@param self Option<T>
@param optb Option<T> -- The other option
@return Option<T>
]=]
function Option.or_<T>(self: Option<T>, optb: Option<T>): Option<T>
if self:isSome() then
return self
end
return optb
end
--[=[
@within Option
Returns the option if it contains a value, otherwise calls `op` and returns the result.
```lua
function nobody(): Option<string>
return None()
end
function vikings(): Option<string>
return Some("vikings")
end
assert(Some("barbarians"):orElse(vikings) == Some("barbarians"))
assert(None():orElse(vikings) == Some("vikings"))
assert(None():orElse(nobody) == None())
```
@param self Option<T>
@param op () -> Option<T> -- The function to call
@return Option<T>
]=]
function Option.orElse<T>(self: Option<T>, op: () -> Option<T>): Option<T>
if self:isSome() then
return self
end
return op()
end
--[=[
@within Option
Returns [Option:Some] if exactly one of `self`, `optb` is [Option:Some],
otherwise returns [Option:None].
```lua
local x: Option<number> = Some(2)
local y: Option<number> = None()
assert(x:xor(y) == Some(2))
local x: Option<number> = None()
local y: Option<number> = Some(2)
assert(x:xor(y) == Some(2))
local x: Option<number> = Some(2)
local y: Option<number> = Some(2)
assert(x:xor(y) == None())
local x: Option<number> = None()
local y: Option<number> = None()
assert(x:xor(y) == None())
```
@param self Option<T>
@param optb Option<T> -- The other option
@return Option<T>
]=]
function Option.xor<T>(self: Option<T>, optb: Option<T>): Option<T>
if self:isSome() and optb:isSome() then
return None()
end
if self:isSome() then
return self
elseif optb:isSome() then
return optb
end
return None()
end
--[=[
@within Option
Inserts value into the option, then returns it.
If the option already contains a value, the old value is dropped.
See also [Option:getOrInsert], which doesnt update the value if the
option already contains [Option:Some].
```lua
local opt: Option<number> = None()
local val: number = opt:insert(1)
assert(val == 1)
assert(opt:unwrap() == 1)
local val: number = opt:insert(2)
assert(val == 2)
```
@param self Option<T>
@param val T -- The value to insert
@return T
]=]
function Option.insert<T>(self: Option<T>, val: T): T
self._optValue = val
return self._optValue :: T
end
--[=[
@within Option
Inserts value into the option, then returns it.
If the option already contains a value, the old value is dropped.
See also [Option:getOrInsert], which doesnt update the value if the
option already contains [Option:Some].
```lua
local opt: Option<number> = None()
local val: number = opt:insert(1)
assert(val == 1)
assert(opt:unwrap() == 1)
local val: number = opt:insert(2)
assert(val == 2)
```
@param self Option<T>
@param val T -- The value to insert
@return T
]=]
function Option.getOrInsert<T>(self: Option<T>, val: T): T
if self:isNone() then
self._optValue = val
end
return self._optValue :: T
end
--[=[
@within Option
Takes the value out of the option, leaving an [Option:None] in its place.
```lua
local x: Option<number> = Some(2)
local y: Option<number> = x.take()
assert(x == None())
assert(y == Some(2))
local x: Option<number> = None()
local y: Option<number> = x.take()
assert(x == None())
assert(y == None())
```
@param self Option<T>
@return Option<T>
]=]
function Option.take<T>(self: Option<T>): Option<T>
if self:isSome() then
local val = self._optValue :: T
self._optValue = nil
return Some(val)
end
return None()
end
--[=[
@within Option
Replaces the actual value in the option by the value given in parameter, returning
the old value if present, leaving an [Option:Some] in its place without
deinitializing either one.
```lua
local x: Option<number> = Some(2)
local old: Option<number> = x:replace(5)
assert(x == Some(5))
assert(old == Some(2))
local x: Option<number> = None()
local old: Option<number> = x:replace(3)
assert(x == Some(3))
assert(old == None())
```
@param self Option<T>
@param val T
@return Option<T>
]=]
function Option.replace<T>(self: Option<T>, val: T): Option<T>
local current: Option<T> = self
self._optValue = val
if current:isNone() then
return current
end
return Some(current._optValue :: T)
end
--[=[
@within Option
Returns true if `val` is contained in the [Option:Some].
```lua
local x: Option<number> = Some(2)
local y: Option<number> = None()
assert(x:contains(2))
assert(x:contains(4))
assert(not y:contains(2))
```
@param self Option<T>
@param val T
@return boolean
]=]
function Option.contains<T>(self: Option<T>, val: T): boolean
if self:isSome() then
return self._optValue == val
end
return false
end
--[=[
@within Option
Zips `self` with another [Option].
If `self` is [Option:Some](s) and other is [Option:Some](o), this method returns
[Option:Some]({s, o}). Otherwise, [Option:None] is returned.
```lua
local x: Option<number> = Some(1)
local y: Option<string> = Some("hi")
local z: Option<number> = None()
assert(x:zip(y) == Some({ 1, "hi" }))
assert(x:zip(z) == None())
```
@param self Option<T>
@param other Option>U>
@return Option<{T | U}>
]=]
function Option.zip<T, U>(self: Option<T>, other: Option<U>): Option<{ T | U }>
if self:isSome() and other:isSome() then
return Some({ self._optValue, other._optValue })
end
return None()
end
--[=[
@within Option
Zips `self` and another [Option] with function `op`.
If `self` is [Option:Some](s) and other is [Option:Some](o), this method returns
[Option:Some](op(s, o)). Otherwise, [Option:None] is returned.
```lua
type Point = {
x: number,
y: number,
}
local Point: Point & {
new: (x: number, y: number) -> Point,
} = {}
function Point.new(x: number, y: number): Point
return {
x = x,
y = y,
}
end
local xCoord: Option<number> = Some(17.5)
local yCoord: Option<number> = Some(42.7)
assert(xCoord:zipWith(yCoord, Point.new), Some({ x = 17.5, y = 42.7 }))
assert(x:zipWith(None(), Point.new), None())
```
@param self Option<T>
@param other Option>U>
@param op (x: T, y: U) -> R?
@return Option<R>
]=]
function Option.zipWith<T, U, R>(self: Option<T>, other: Option<U>, op: (x: T, y: U) -> R?): Option<R>
if self:isSome() and other:isSome() then
local computed = op(self._optValue :: T, other._optValue :: U)
if computed ~= nil then
return Some(computed :: R)
end
end
return None()
end
--[=[
@within Option
Unzips an option containing a table of two options.
If `self` is `Some({a, b})` this method returns `(Some(a), Some(b))`.
Otherwise, `(None(), None())` is returned.
```lua
local x: Option<{ number | string }> = Some({ 1, "hi" })
local y: Option<{ number }> = None()
assert((x:unzip() == Some(1), Some("hi")))
assert((y:unzip() == None(), None()))
```
@param self Option<T>
@return (Option<A>, Option<B>)
]=]
function Option.unzip<T, A, B>(self: Option<T>): (Option<A>, Option<B>)
if self:isSome() then
if self:isSome() and typeof(self._optValue) == "table" and #self._optValue == 2 then
return Some(self._optValue[1] :: A), Some(self._optValue[2] :: B)
end
end
return None(), None()
end
--[=[
@within Option
Returns the inner value wrapped by the [Option].
```lua
local x: Option<string> = Some("lol")
local y: Option<string> = None()
assert(x:unwrapUnchecked() == "lol")
assert(y:unwrapUnchecked() == nil)
```
@param self Option<T>
@return T?
]=]
function Option.unwrapUnchecked<T>(self: Option<T>): T?
return self._optValue
end
--[=[
@within Option
Returns a formatted representation of the option, often
used for printing to stdout.
```lua
local x: Option<number> = Some(123)
local y: Option<number> = None()
print(x:display()) -- prints `Option::Some(123)`
print(y:display()) -- prints `Option::None`
```
@param self Option<T>
@return string
]=]
function Option.display<T>(self: Option<T>): string
return tostring(self)
end
return {
Option = Option,
Some = Some,
None = None,
}